硅谷大佬該如何與特朗普總統共處
History will one day tell us more about the meeting this week between Donald Trump and the biggest names in Silicon Valley.
有一天，歷史會告訴我們更多有關上週唐納德.特朗普(Donald Trump)和硅谷的大人物們的會面的事情。
We will find out why these usually swaggering characters came so meekly to Trump Tower.
我們會知道爲何這些往常神氣十足的人物如此順從地來到特朗普大廈(Trump Tower)。
Why Jeff Bezos of Amazon, Tim Cook of Apple and Larry Page of Alphabet, who never appear in suits and ties, wore suits and ties.
爲何從來不以西服領帶示人的亞馬遜(Amazon)的傑夫.貝索斯(Jeff Bezos)、蘋果(Apple)的蒂姆.庫克(Tim Cook)以及Alphabet的拉里.佩奇(Larry Page)穿了西服打了領帶？
And why not Peter Thiel, who showed up in an open collar? What brought them together besides curiosity?
爲什麼彼得.塞爾(Peter Thiel)出現的時候，衣領不是敞開着的？除了好奇以外，是什麼讓他們共聚一堂？
Leading up to the presidential election last month, Silicon Valley was mostly at odds with Mr Trump, both culturally, on account of his illiberal attitudes to immigrants, women and minorities, and economically, because of his condemnation of outsourcing.
在上個月的總統大選前，硅谷與特朗普的分歧很深，無論是在文化上（因爲特朗普對移民、女性和少數族裔態度狹隘），還是在經濟上（因爲特朗普譴責外包）。
But the leading technology companies and the men and women who lead them are nothing if not shrewd.
但這些頂尖科技公司及其領導者非常精明。
They have gulped hard and by showing up to meet a president-elect they might not care for, they are practising the resurgent philosophy of Stoicism — accepting what they cannot change and managing what they can.
他們深吸一口氣，出面與一個他們或許並不喜歡的候任總統會面，踐行了復活的斯多葛主義哲學——接受自己無法改變的事情，管理好自己能夠管理的事情。
Stoicism is the new Zen, a rediscovered set of ideas that seem tailor-made for a period of rapid change.
斯多葛主義是新的禪，這套被重新發現的思想似乎是爲一個快速變革的時代量身定製的。
The musings of Seneca and Chrysippus are being seized upon by entrepreneurs whipsawed by fate, and corporate leaders battered by disruption.
被命運重創的創業家們和被顛覆性變化猛擊的企業領袖，現在抓住了斯多葛學派哲人塞內加(Seneca)和克律西波斯(Chrysippus)的冥思。
Steve Jobs was fascinated by Zen Buddhism.
史蒂夫.喬布斯(Steve Jobs)爲佛教禪宗而着迷。
But had he been starting out today, he might have been quoting Marcus Aurelius.
但如果他是在當下開始創業，或許他引用的就會是馬可.奧勒留(Marcus Aurelius)的話了。
This week, the New York Times profiled Ryan Holiday, a 29-year-old former publicist for American Apparel, who makes his living as an evangelist for Stoicism.
上週，《紐約時報》(New York Times)介紹了瑞安.霍利迪(Ryan Holiday)，現年29歲的霍利迪曾經是服裝公司American Apparel的公關人員，現在以傳播斯多葛主義爲生。
He has sold nearly a quarter of a million copies of his book The Obstacle Is the Way: The Timeless Art of Turning Trials Into Triumph, which is inspired by Marcus Aurelius’s Meditations.
他的著作《障礙就是道路：將嘗試轉爲成功的永恆藝術》(The Obstacle Is the Way: The Timeless Art of Turning Trials Into Triumph)已經賣出了近25萬冊，靈感正是來自於馬可.奧勒留的《沉思錄》(Meditations)。
It is a favourite among athletes, Hollywood celebrities and the venture capitalists and entrepreneurs of Silicon Valley, who find solace in its messages of perseverance in the face of adversity and spray them all over Twitter.
這本書是運動員、好萊塢名人、硅谷風投人士和創業者的最愛，他們從書中所傳達的在逆境面前堅韌不拔的精神中找到慰藉，並且在Twitter上四處宣傳。
Mr Cook took a Stoic approach in a note he sent out to Apple employees after Mr Trump’s election victory last month.
在上月特朗普勝選後，庫克在給蘋果員工的一封信中採取了斯多葛主義的做法。
He called on them to unite and move forward at any pace they could, quoting Martin Luther King: If you can’t fly then run.
他呼籲他們團結一心，盡其所能地前進，並且引用馬丁.路德.金(Martin Luther King)的話：如果你無法飛翔，那就奔跑吧。
If you can’t run then walk.
如果你無法奔跑，那就行走吧。
If you can’t walk then crawl,
如果你無法行走，那就爬行吧。
but whatever you do you have to keep moving forward.
但無論如何，你必須不斷前行。
Not exactly Think Different, but times change.
和非同凡‘想’(Think Different)不太一樣，但是時代變了。
The Stoics were in theory a hair-shirted bunch, indifferent to pleasure and pain, wealth and poverty, fortified by their distance from the emotions that trouble ordinary minds.
理論上，斯多葛學派是一羣苦修者，他們對歡愉和痛苦、財富和貧窮都漠不關心，與困擾着一般人的心靈的情感保持距離以讓自己的內心強大。
When they kissed their children goodnight, they imagined them dying, so that if the worst were to happen they would be ready.
當他們給自己的孩子一個晚安吻時，他們會想象他們死去的樣子，這樣如果最糟糕的事情發生了，他們做好了準備。
In his Meditations, Marcus Aurelius wrote that when you were presented with a fine meal, you should consider this is the dead body of a fish and this is the dead body of a bird or a pig.
在《沉思錄》中，馬可.奧勒留寫道，如果有人給你奉上一頓美餐，你應該想這是一條魚的屍體，這是一隻鳥或一頭豬的屍體。
But such joyless mental disciplines did not prevent worldly success.
但這種毫無快樂的精神自律並不妨礙世俗成功。
Seneca became fantastically rich through his roles in Rome’s imperial court.
塞內加依靠在羅馬宮廷中的職務變得極其富有。
He argued that it was precisely his virtuous indifference that made him so valuable to the powerful.
他聲稱正是因爲他品行高潔的冷漠，才使他成爲強權者眼中有價值的人。
Others have said he was a hypocrite.
其他人則說他是一個僞君子。
The modern embrace of Stoicism seems vapid if one tries to compare the torments of an entrepreneur in Mountain View with the agonies of Marcus Aurelius facing war and death on the fringes of his empire.
如果把加州山景城中的一位創業者遭受的折磨，與身處帝國存亡邊緣、面對戰爭和死亡的馬可.奧勒留的痛苦比較一下，現代人對斯多葛主義的奉行似乎不值一提。
But Jim Collins found a solution in his wildly popular book about high-performing businesses, Good to Great.
但吉姆.柯林斯(Jim Collins)在有關表現優異的企業的暢銷書《從優秀到偉大》(Good to Great)中找到了解決方法。
He interviewed James Stockdale, a former US navy pilot, who spent nearly eight years in North Vietnam as a prisoner of war.
他採訪了美國前海軍飛行員詹姆斯.斯托克代爾(James Stockdale)，後者曾作爲戰俘在北越待了近8年時間。
Stockdale had discovered Epictetus, a Roman Stoic, while studying at Stanford and drew on what he learnt to survive his imprisonment with his dignity and virtue intact.
斯托克代爾在斯坦福大學(Stanford)求學期間發現了羅馬斯多葛派哲人愛比克泰德(Epictetus)，並依靠所學渡過了那段被俘的時光，保持自己的尊嚴和道德不受損害。
But Mr Collins noted an apparent contradiction in Stockdale’s philosophy.
但柯林斯注意到斯托克代爾的哲學中存在一個明顯的矛盾。
Stockdale said he never lost faith that he would get out of the camp and that his suffering would shape his life in a positive way.
斯托克代爾表示，他從未失去信心，相信他最終會離開戰俘營，而且他的遭遇將以一種積極的方式塑造他的人生。
But he also had to confront the most brutal facts of [his] current reality, whatever they might be.
但他也不得不面對眼下的現實中最殘酷的事實，無論它們是什麼。
The men who didn’t survive the Vietnamese camps were the optimists.
沒能活着走出越南戰俘營的人是那些樂觀主義者。
They were the ones who said, ‘We’re going to be out by Christmas.’
他們是那些說着‘等到聖誕節我們就能出去了’的人。
And Christmas would come, and Christmas would go.
聖誕節來了又走。
Then they’d say, ‘We’re going to be out by Easter.’
那時他們會說，‘等到復活節我們就能出去了’。
And Easter would come, and Easter would go.
然而復活節來了又走。
And then Thanksgiving, and then it would be Christmas again.
然後是感恩節，然後又是聖誕節。
And they died of a broken heart.
他們因爲心碎而死。
Mr Collins named Stockdale’s mix of pragmatism and belief the Stockdale Paradox, and argued it was essential to great companies.
柯林斯將斯托克代爾這種務實主義與信念的結合命名爲斯托克代爾悖論，並主張這對偉大的企業至關重要。
Stoicism for Stockdale was not a set of cute, consoling aphorisms, but a gruelling practice.
對於斯托克代爾而言，斯多葛主義並不是一組機智、給人慰藉的警句，而是一種令人筋疲力盡的實踐。
He recalled a line from Epictetus: Men, the lecture-room of the philosopher is a hospital; students ought not to walk out of it in pleasure, but in pain.
他回憶了愛比克泰德的一句話：人們啊，哲學家的講堂是一所醫院；學生不應該帶着快樂地從中走出來，而應該帶着痛苦。
For those who never wanted Mr Trump to win, but must deal with the fact of his presidency, the Stockdale approach seems the least painful way to go.
對於那些從未希望特朗普勝利，但卻必須應對他當上總統這個事實的人而言，斯托克代爾的做法似乎是一種最不痛苦的解決方法。
