英國新法：沒收說不清楚的財富 打擊全球腐敗
Politicians, public figures and criminals suspected of buying property with corrupt money will be forced to explain their wealth or face having their assets seized, under new legislation that has come into force in Britain this month.
The so-called Unexplained Wealth Orders (UWOs) have been welcomed by campaigners, who say the British capital is at the center of a global web of embezzled money.
The anti-corruption organization Transparency International has identified five properties they say British authorities could immediately begin investigating using Unexplained Wealth Orders. Among them are two apartments overlooking the River Thames that are worth about $15 million. The Russian anti-corruption campaigner and opposition politician Alexey Navalny alleges the apartments are owned by the First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia Igor Shuvalov, whose self-declared annual salary is $157,000.
Britain's National Crime Agency says that in excess of $100 billion of corrupt money flows through London each year – much of it public money stolen from government budgets.
Campaigners cite the case of an $18 million house in London's Mayfair district, which until last year was owned by Rifaat al-Assad, the uncle of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. Investigators believe he embezzled more than $300 million of state funds. He sold the house before it could be seized by authorities – and claims his wealth comes from rich Arab backers.
Those looking to hide their wealth often use a complex network of offshore holding companies to conceal their identity.英國本月開始實行新法律，政界人士、公衆人物以及犯罪分子如被懷疑用髒錢購買房產，將必須解釋財產來源，否則房產將被沒收。
英國的不可解釋財富令（Unexplained Wealth Orders）受到活動人士的歡迎。他們說，英國首都倫敦位於贓款全球網的中心。
反貪腐組織透明國際列出了他們認爲英國當局可以根據新法律立即開始調查的5處房產，其中包括兩套俯瞰泰晤士河的公寓，價值1500萬美元。俄羅斯反腐活動人士和反對派人士納瓦列尼稱這兩套公寓爲俄羅斯第一副總理書瓦洛夫所擁有。書瓦洛夫自己公佈的年薪爲15萬7000美元。
英國國家打擊犯罪調查局說，每年有大約1000億美元的髒錢流入倫敦，其中大部分是從國家預算盜取的公共資金。
活動人士說，在倫敦梅費爾區有一棟價值1800萬美元的房屋，去年之前一直爲敘利亞總統阿薩德的一個叔叔裏法特·阿薩德所擁有。調查人員認爲，裏法特·阿薩德貪污了3億多美元的國家資金。他在當局採取沒收行動之前賣掉了房子，聲稱他的錢來自富有的阿拉伯支持者。
隱匿財產的人經常會利用離岸控股公司等複雜的網絡來掩蓋自己的身份。
