國際清廉指數：轉向民粹領袖可能會讓腐敗加劇

An anti-corruption watchdog is highlighting a link between inequality and government corruption with the release of its annual global index, saying people are increasingly looking to populist leaders who promise to tackle corruption, but are likely to make the situation worse.

“In countries with populist or autocratic leaders, we often see democracies in decline and a disturbing pattern of attempts to crack down on civil society, limit press freedom, and weaken the independence of the judiciary,” said Jose Ugaz, chair of Transparency International, as the group released its report Wednesday. “Instead of tackling crony capitalism, those leaders usually install even worse forms of corrupt systems.”

The report says countries need “deep-rooted systemic reforms” to address growing imbalances of power and wealth.

The Corruption Perceptions Index is based on surveys and reports of how business leaders and country experts perceive corruption in the public sector. It rates countries on a scale of 0-100, with 0 being a country that is highly corrupt and 100 being very clean.

In 2016, the report said more countries declined than improved when it came to corruption.

The highest ranked countries were Denmark and New Zealand, which each scored 90, Finland with 89 and Sweden with 88. The report said each of those countries has an open government, free press and independent judicial systems.

On the bottom of the index, Somalia ranked as the country with the most perceived corruption for the 10th consecutive year. It scored a 10. South Sudan (11), North Korea (12) and Syria (13) were also at the bottom of the index.

The five countries that serve as the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council represent varying stages of the index, with Britain (81) among the least corrupt, followed by the United States (74) and France (69).一個反腐敗的監督組織發表年度報告，將不平等與政府腐敗聯繫起來。報告說，人們越來越寄希望於民粹主義領導人來治理腐敗，但是民粹主義可能會導致腐敗加劇。

“透明國際”（Transparency International）組織星期三公佈年度清廉指數報告。“透明國際”主席何塞·烏蓋茲說：“在民粹或專制領導人執政的國家，我們看到民主程度下降，以及壓制公民社會，限制新聞自由和司法體系被削弱這一令人擔憂的趨勢“。烏蓋茲說：“這些領導人沒有設法治理裙帶關係資本主義，通常他們實施更糟糕的腐敗體系。”

報告說，這些國家需要進行深層體制改革來解決日益加劇的權力與財富之間的不平衡。

清廉指數報告的根據是對企業領導人和專家對各國政府腐敗程度認知的調查。0分是最腐敗，100分是最清廉。

報告說，2016年腐敗程度惡化的國家多於有改進的國家。

丹麥和新西蘭都獲得90分，芬蘭89分，瑞典88分。報告說，這些國家有開放的政府，自由媒體和獨立司法制度。

索馬里連續第10年成爲得分最低的國家，只有10分，其次是南蘇丹11分，朝鮮12分，敘利亞13分。

聯合國安理會的5個常任理事國得分差距很大，英國屬於最清廉的國家之一，得81分，其次是美國74分，法國69分。