北京暗指美國加劇南中國海緊張局勢
The Chinese People’s Liberation Army on Tuesday accused the US of stoking tensions in the South China Sea as it released a muscular new military doctrine envisaging far-flung combat operations.
中國軍方週二發佈了一份彰顯軍事實力、展望遠程作戰的軍事白皮書，並譴責美國加劇了南中國海(South China Sea)的緊張局勢。At the launch of a security white paper, PLA spokesman Yang Yujun said unnamed “outside powers” were trying to “tarnish the Chinese military’s reputation and create an atmosphere of exaggerated tension”.
在發佈這份防白皮書時，中國國防部新聞發言人楊宇軍表示，“外來勢力”正在努力“抹黑中國軍隊，刻意渲染地區緊張局勢”。他並未說明外來勢力是指誰。
“We cannot eliminate the possibility that this is to create excuses for the actions that certain countries may be planning to take,” said Colonel Yang. “This is not a new trick, and has been used many times in the past.”
“也不排除這是爲個別國家今後可能採取的一些行動尋找藉口，”楊宇軍大校說，“這也不是什麼新的伎倆，歷史上大家已經見過多次了。”
International concerns have risen in recent months over China’s accelerating efforts to create habitable islands on remote coral reefs in the South China Sea, mirroring efforts by neighbours including Vietnam, Taiwan and the Philippines intended to buttress maritime claims in the region.
近幾個月來，國際社會對中國在南中國海域遙遠的珊瑚礁上建造可居住島嶼感到日益擔憂。中國的做法跟越南、臺灣和菲律賓等鄰國或地區類似，以支持本國在該地區的海上主權要求。In the past month, the US has stepped up surveillance flights over the Chinese construction projects. In one case, a P-8 Poseidon aircraft carried a camera crew from television network CNN, which broadcast radio warnings issued by the Chinese navy. The US is considering flying surveillance missions even closer to the islands, as well as sailing warships within a few miles of them, as part of a new, more robust US military posture in the area.
過去一個月裏，美國增加了對中國海上工程的監視飛行。幾天前，一架P-8海神(Poseidon)海上巡邏機搭載了CNN的一個攝製組執行了一次這樣的飛行任務，後者報道稱，中國海軍對此發出了無線電警告。美國正考慮派飛機前往距離這些島嶼更近的區域執行監視任務，並派戰艦駛入距這些島嶼幾英里的海域內，以彰顯美國在該地區更強硬的軍事力量。“I think in the past few weeks, it seems that suddenly there is a lot of uproar regarding this,” said Colonel Yang. “There has been a lot of hype surrounding this news. Is it because the South China Sea has shrunk and become more crowded?”
“爲什麼最近這一段時間或者說最近幾周以來，突然這個事情就鬧起來了，這個信息就炒起來了，是不是南海突然間縮小了？”楊宇軍大校說。“我可以告訴大家，南海很寬闊，一點也沒有縮小。”The war of words takes place against a broad rethink of China’s defence policy, presented in the white paper on Tuesday.
這場口水戰發生之際，各方正對中國防務策略進行廣泛的反思。這種反思在週二發佈的白皮書中也有呈現。“China’s Military Strategy”, the eighth such white paper since 1998, emphasises the evolution of the country’s security needs away from simple territorial defence towards an offensive capacity overseas.
這是中國自1998年以來發布的第八份《中國的軍事戰略》白皮書，強調中國的安全需求正從簡單的國土防禦轉向海外進攻能力。The paper also highlighted information and propaganda as key strategic elements in the “winning of informationised local wars” — the same day as the PLA opened an account on Weibo, China’s equivalent of Twitter.
白皮書強調，中國要將軍事鬥爭準備基點放在“打贏信息化局部戰爭上”。中國國防部在發佈白皮書的同日，還在新浪微博上開通“國防部發布”賬號。Army operations would “continue to reorient from theatre defence to trans-theatre mobility”, according to the document, while the navy would shift its focus from “offshore waters defence” to “open-seas protection”. The air force, meanwhile, would shift focus from “territorial air defence” to “defence and offence”.
白皮書稱，中國陸軍要繼續實現”機動作戰、立體攻防”的戰略要求，海軍要將戰略重點從“近海防禦”轉向“遠海護衛”，空軍則要實現“國土防空型向攻防兼備型轉變”。A new counter-terrorism law still under discussion would for the first time legalise the stationing of Chinese troops abroad without a UN mandate, seen as a precursor to military operations further afield.
中國正在討論制定一部反恐法。這部法律將首次授權中國軍隊在沒有獲得聯合國授權的情況下執行海外任務。外界認爲，此舉可能爲中國在更遠地區採取軍事行動鋪平道路。While the white paper promised that China would never attack first, it also made clear that China perceived itself to be surrounded by threats. It described “new threats from hegemonism, power politics and neo-interventionism” as well as from terrorism, separatism,while insisting that “anti-China forces have never given up their attempt to instigate a “colour revolution” in the country.
儘管白皮書承諾中國將不會率先發起攻擊，但它也明確表示，中國面對多元複雜的安全威脅，包括“霸權主義、強權政治和新干涉主義”，以及恐怖主義和分裂勢力，並強調“反華勢力”一直沒有放棄在中國製造“顏色革命”的努力。
