你所不知道的《霍比特人》的臺前幕後(上)

While The Hobbit was highly anticipated, many people were concerned about the deviations from the source material, especially considering the decision to turn one book into three movies. Of course, many of these complaints stem from the fact that the way the director interpreted the story didn't jive properly with the interpretation of the viewer. Unfortunately, due to differing perspectives, it's hard for any adaptation to ever please the true die-hard fans. While some people may be able to find anything to complain about, the truth is making a movie saga as epic as The Hobbit required an incredible amount of work, and creativity.

當《霍比特人》這部電影受到高度讚譽的同時，人們也在關心電影與原著的差異，特別是考慮到它把一本書拆成了三部電影。誠然，許多抱怨的出現都是由於導演對故事的解讀不同於觀衆。不幸的是，由於觀點的不同，任何改編都很難讓真正的鐵桿粉絲們滿意。一些人也許可以找出任何地方來表示不滿，但真相是製作一部像《霍比特人》這樣一部史詩般的傳奇電影需要做太多的工作，並且還要極富創造性。

McKellan Almost Quit Acting During Filming

10.伊恩·麥凱倫差點退出拍攝

While The Lord of the Rings trilogy did certainly make use of special effects, it also received praise for the large amount of work done using more traditional means, as well. However, due to many different technical limitations based on the story he was doing this time, as well as the age of the actors in question, Peter Jackson used a fair bit more CGI in his screen adaptation of The Hobbit. In particular, telling the tale of The Hobbit requires regularly showing 13 dwarves on screen, interacting with other people who often tend to be either way shorter — or more often than not — way taller. Due to obvious limitations in casting, using actors who already fit the right size profile would have been a likely insurmountable hurdle.

《霍比特人》三部曲的確充分利用了電腦特效，但它也因爲採取了大量傳統的拍攝方法而受到讚揚。然而，基於這次製作的故事中許多不同的技術限制和演員的年齡問題，彼得·傑克遜在《霍比特人》電影版中使用了更多的電腦生成圖像(CGI）。尤其是霍比特人的故事熒幕裏常常會出現13個矮人，與其他人互動時常常是要麼很矮——多半是這樣——或者要麼是很高。由於選角上明顯的限制，找到符合身形的演員可能成爲不可逾越的障礙。

To deal with this, Peter Jackson used regular sized actors for the dwarves, but had to get a little creative when filming them with Gandalf — because of the height difference between the characters. This meant that Ian McKellan had to film his scenes in front of a green screen, without talking to the dwarves, or anyone at all for reference. He had a terrible time during the early days of the shoot, and considered quitting the film and acting altogether — he felt that perhaps he should step aside from the profession if he couldn't meet the modern day demands. Fortunately for LOTR fans, McKellan managed to make it through filming, and still delivered a stellar performance as Gandalf.

爲了處理這個問題，彼得·傑克遜啓用了常規身材的演員飾演矮人們，但在他們和甘道夫一起拍攝時——因爲角色間的身高差——不得不採用一點創新的手法。這就意味着伊恩·麥凱倫只能在綠幕前拍攝他的場景，沒有矮人們或者任何人與他對話做參考。他在拍攝早期曾渡過了一段艱難的時光，並考慮過完全退出電影和表演界——他覺得如果他不能滿足現代要求的話，或許就該從職業生涯中退出了。對《指環王》的粉絲們來說幸運的是，麥凱倫成功地渡過了拍攝難關，並且仍然以一流的演技飾演了甘道夫。

Was Almost Directed By Guillermo Del Toro

9.差點由吉爾莫·德爾·託羅來導演這部電影

Many people don't realize that The Hobbit was nearly an entirely different movie. To begin with, the plan was first to make it just two movies, and the director was going to be Guillermo Del Toro of Pan's Labyrinth fame. While it's hard to say for certain how they would have turned out, it is likely Del Toro would not have spent as much time deviating from the source material, and the overall feel would certainly have been different. Of course, this is not something that Peter Jackson had any problem with — Del Toro directing The Hobbit was originally Jackson's idea — the problem was actually with MGM, the studio in charge of producing the film at the time.

許多人沒意識到《霍比特人》差點就完全是另一個樣子。一開始的計劃是把電影拍成兩部，導演是曾執導《潘神的迷宮》的吉爾莫·德爾·託羅。雖然不能肯定地說這會有一個怎樣的結果，但託羅可能不會花那麼多時間來偏離原著劇情，並且電影的整體感覺將會完全不同。當然，彼得·傑克遜對這點沒什麼異議——德爾·託羅執導《霍比特人》本來就是他的主意——問題出在米高梅公司，當時負責製作這部電影的工作室。

The studio was having financial difficulties, and the film kept getting delayed over and over, which is what led to Del Toro's departure from the helm of the project. While we may wonder what the films would have been like with him in charge, he still had a very big influence on the final product. He spent two years working on ideas for the films before he quit, and he still helped co-write the entire series, so it is likely many of his ideas made it into the final product.

工作室遇到了財務危機，電影拍攝被反覆推遲，使得德爾·託羅從項目指揮中退出。我們雖好奇電影在他的執導下會是什麼樣，但他仍然對最終的成品有很大影響。他在退出前花了兩年時間提出電影的點子，並且仍然幫助共同創作了整個系列，所以最終成品裏可能也融入了很多他的想法。

iel The Made Up Female Elf

8.原創女精靈塔瑞爾

Some fans of the series have been more than a little upset at the inclusion of a female elf character named Tauriel that appears in the screen adaptation of The Hobbit. Many fans are okay with a large number of liberties that Peter Jackson takes, mainly because much of it is in the Silmarillion, or at least somewhere in the Lord of the Rings mythology. However, what has many of the fans hopping mad is that Tauriel literally never existed in any of the lore — Peter Jackson admits openly to completely making her up for the film. People have also criticized the dwarf-elf romance angle, much for the same reason — it never happened.

一些這個系列的粉絲對這部改編的《霍比特人》裏出現的一位名叫塔瑞爾的女性精靈角色可不是隻有一點點不滿。許多粉絲們都能接受彼得·傑克遜的大量自由發揮，主要是因爲它存在於精靈寶鑽裏，或者至少在指環王裏的某個地方提到過。但是，讓許多粉絲氣得跳腳的是塔瑞爾從未存在於任何一個故事傳說裏——彼得·傑克遜公開承認過她是爲這部電影新造的人物。人們也批評了矮人-精靈間的浪漫故事，理由大都相同——它從未發生過。

Of course, while it wasn't in the book, Peter Jackson does have a defense for why he included her and his reasoning is fairly strong. In the novel the dwarves do run into the wood elves, and they are imprisoned for a time under the orders of the elf king. Thranduil. Legolas himself is not mentioned in The Hobbit, because Tolkien had not invented him yet, but he is the son of Thranduil and so his inclusion is completely understandable. Peter Jackson explained that he wanted to flesh out the storyline involving the wood elves, but he needed at least three elven characters for a full story arc. He decided that the film didn't have any strong female characters – apart from a brief scene with Galadriel — and created a new wood elf to drive the story along more smoothly.

當然，雖然在書中並不存在，但彼得·傑克遜解釋過爲什麼他要加入她，並且理由很充分。在小說裏，矮人們確實遇見了森林精靈，並且在精靈王瑟蘭迪爾的命令下被囚禁了一段時間。萊戈拉斯在《霍比特人》中並未被提及，因爲當時托爾金還沒有創作出他，但他是瑟蘭迪爾的兒子，所以他的出現完全在情理之中。彼得·傑克遜解釋說他想讓森林精靈來使故事更加飽滿，但他需要至少三個精靈角色來構成一個完整的故事線。他覺得這部電影沒有任何鮮明的女性角色出現——除了凱蘭崔爾的一個短小的場景以外——就創造了一個新的森林精靈來推動故事更順利的發展下去。

le Fatigue

7.戰爭疲勞

While those who like action movies often feel put off when they enter a theater and find that the exciting trailer disguised a movie that was more exposition than anything else, the final installment in The Hobbit trilogy is almost exactly the opposite. In fact, the movie has an incredible amount of action, with the last forty five minutes of the film essentially amounting to one gigantic battle scene. This is not something that film audiences or directors usually tend to deal with, if for no other reason than that huge battle sequences tend to be very expensive to film. In order to avoid something that Peter Jackson referred to as "battle fatigue" he decided that they should not do more than two to three shots of anonymous people before focusing the camera once again on the named characters. It was his hope that by keeping focused on the main characters, that people would sustain their interest throughout the entire sequence.

那些喜歡動作片的人進了電影院後常常反感一部拿刺激的預告片做展示性僞裝的電影，但《霍比特人》三部曲中的最後一部與此完全相反。實際上，電影中有着多得難以置信的動作場面，電影的最後45分鐘基本上就相當於一個巨大的戰爭場面。這可不是電影觀衆和導演們好應付的一件事，光是那一系列戰鬥在電影裏就花了很多錢了。爲了避免出現彼得·傑克遜提到的"戰爭疲勞"症狀，他決定他們要在攝像機把鏡頭再次對準有名字的人物前對無名角色的鏡頭拍攝不超過兩到三個。他希望通過聚焦在主要人物身上的方式讓人們在整個過程中都能保持興致盎然。

ges Of Animal Cruelty

6.虐待動物的指控

If you stick around to watch the credits, you will often see a message from the American Humane Association stating that they monitored a film, and didn't see any animals hurt during filming, if the film used live animals in filming. However, despite the best efforts of watchdog groups, there are still incidents of animal deaths, many of which go unreported. In recent years there have been several cases where animals faced serious danger during filming, and the movie went on to critical acclaim regardless. During the filming of Life of Pi, a tiger nearly drowned. While many people may not be particularly bothered if the animal ended up okay, the attitude of the watchers is troubling.

如果你留下來看電影結束致謝名單，你將常常會看見一條來自美國人道主義協會（AHA）的信息，聲明他們監督了一場電影拍攝，並沒有在拍攝期間發現有傷害動物的行爲。然而，儘管有監督團體全力以赴，仍然存在動物死亡的事件，許多都沒有被報導。近些年來有好幾起動物在拍攝期間面臨嚴重危險的案例，而無視這些事情，電影仍獲得了好評。在攝製《少年派》期間，一隻老虎差點淹死。也許如果最後動物無大礙的話，人們就不會對這件事感到特別惱火，但監視者們的態度實在是個問題。

It turns out that the person who helped smooth the incident over the most was the actual representative who was watching the whole thing happen. It turns out that dismissive behavior from the American Humane Association is fairly common. During the filming of The Hobbit, some reports say 27 animals died of various complications including dehydration and drowning. When someone blew the whistle and informed the AHA, they were told that despite being able to physically locate the bodies of the animals, that if the deaths didn't actually happen on the set, there really wasn't anything they could do. To get around the fact that there were animal deaths — just not onscreen — the AHA crafted a statement filled with weasel words that essentially said there were no animal deaths or injuries during filming.

原來在幫忙把事情糊弄過去時，出力最多的人就是眼睜睜看着整件事發生的實際監督代表。其實美國人道主義協會在這些行爲的無視上相當普遍。在《霍比特人》拍攝期間，一些報道稱有27只動物死於各種包括脫水與溺亡在內的併發症。當有人告發了這些並通知AHA後，他們被告知如果死亡沒有實際發生在片場，那麼儘管能實際找到動物屍體，他們都不能做任何事。爲了應付有動物死亡的事實——只是在熒幕上沒有出現——AHA製作了一份模棱兩可的聲明，本質上只說在電影拍攝期間沒有動物傷亡。

翻譯:bansu 來源:前十網