日本有多安全 數據和歷史告訴你
HONG KONG — Violent crime in Japan, like the deadly knife attack at a center for the disabled in a Tokyo suburb on Tuesday, is all the more shocking because of its rarity. The country is one of the safest in the world, where the murder rate, for example, has declined steadily for half a century.
香港——就像週二在東京郊區一座殘疾人服務中心發生的持刀行兇流血事件一樣，日本的暴力犯罪格外令人震驚，因爲實屬罕見。日本是世界上最安全的國家之一，比如該國謀殺率在過去半個世紀一直在平穩地下降。
Researchers say several factors have contributed to that security. A 2013 United Nations study of global homicide rates pointed to decades of prosperity and relatively low economic inequality, strict gun laws, a tough criminal justice system with a good record of solving homicides, a postwar rejection of violence, and the social stigma connected to criminality as having all played a role.
研究人員表示，這樣的安全程度由多種因素決定。聯合國2013年的一項有關全球他殺率的研究，將原因指向數十年的繁榮、經濟不平等程度相對較低、嚴格的槍支法規、在解決他殺問題方面有良好記錄的嚴厲刑事司法系統、戰後對暴力行爲的抗拒，以及犯罪的社會污名，研究認爲這些因素都起到了作用。
Last year, the number of crimes reported in Japan was the lowest since World War II, Kyodo News reported in January, citing the National Police Agency. The homicide rate in 2013 was 0.3 per 100,000 people, compared with 3.8 in the United States, according to data from the World Bank. Also in 2013, there were 13 gun murders in Japan, the National Police Agency said, while the United States had 8,454 firearm murders, the F.B.I. reported.
今年1月，共同社(Kyodo News)援引日本警察廳(National Police Agency)的數據報道，去年日本通報的犯罪案件量達到二戰以來的最低點。世界銀行的數據顯示，2013年日本的他殺率爲每10萬人中有0.3人，相比之下，美國則爲3.8人。同樣是2013年，據日本警察廳統計，日本全國共有13人死於槍殺，而據美國聯邦調查局(FBI)通報，美國爲8454人。
But even though murders with multiple victims are uncommon in Japan, the country is not immune to them. Here are some of the mass killings in the country in recent decades.
不過，儘管造成多人受害的謀殺案在日本很少見，該國也不能完全避免這類犯罪。以下是日本最近幾十年發生的大規模殺人案。
2008 Truck rampage, then a knifing
2008年 卡車衝撞，之後用刀砍殺
An auto parts worker hits pedestrians with a rental truck in Akihabara, a district in Tokyo known for electronics, then attacks passers-by with a knife, killing seven.
在東京以電子產品聞名的秋葉原區，一名汽車零部件工人駕駛一輛租來的卡車撞向行人，之後用刀砍殺路人，致7人死亡。
2001 School killing near Osaka
2001年 大阪附近的學校殺人案
A man with a knife kills eight children and injures 15 students and teachers at Ikeda Elementary School in an Osaka suburb.
一名持刀男子在大阪郊區的池田小學(Ikeda Elementary School)殺害8名兒童，砍傷15名學生和教師。
1995 Nerve gas attack on Tokyo subway
1995年 東京地鐵神經毒氣襲擊
The cult Aum Shinrikyo releases sarin gas in the Tokyo subway system, killing 13 and sickening thousands more. Thirteen people, including Shoko Asahara, the leader of the cult, are on death row after being convicted in the killings. The group carried out an earlier sarin gas attack in Matsumoto that killed eight.
邪教團體奧姆真理教(Aum Shinrikyo)在東京地鐵裏釋放沙林毒氣，致13人死亡、數千人生病。包括教主麻原彰晃(Shoko Asahara)在內的13人被判死刑，迄今還未執行。更早的時候，該團體還曾在松本市制造另一起沙林毒氣襲擊事件，致8人死亡。
1982 Plane crash in Tokyo Bay
1982年 東京灣墜機事件
Investigators say the pilot of Japan Airlines Flight 350, flying a McDonnell Douglas DC-8-61, intentionally crashed the passenger jet into Tokyo Bay, killing 24.
調查人員表示，日本航空350航班的飛行員故意將其駕駛的麥道DC-8-61客機墜入東京灣，致24人喪生。
1948 Poisoning during a bank robbery
1948年 銀行搶劫案中的投毒事件
A robber kills 12 bank workers in Tokyo by posing as a doctor and telling them to take dysentery medicine, which is actually poison containing cyanide.
一名搶劫犯假扮醫生，讓東京一家銀行的工作人員服用防痢疾藥，但實爲含氰化物的毒藥，致12人死亡。
