紐約一名醫生感染埃博拉
NEW YORK — A doctor in New York City who recently returned from treating Ebola patients in Guinea tested positive for the Ebola virus Thursday, becoming the city’s first diagnosed case.
紐約——一位曾在幾內亞醫治埃博拉病人、近日纔回國的紐約醫生，週四化驗得出埃博拉病毒呈陽性，成爲紐約市第一個臨牀診斷病例。The doctor, Craig Spencer, was rushed to Bellevue Hospital Center on Thursday and placed in isolation while health care workers spread out across the city to trace anyone he might have come into contact with in recent days. A further test will be conducted by the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to confirm the initial test.
這位名叫克雷格·斯潘瑟(Craig Spencer)的醫生週四被緊急送往貝爾維尤醫院中心(Bellevue Hospital Center)隔離，與此同時，醫護人員在全城展開搜尋，追蹤近日和他有接觸的人。美國疾病控制與預防中心(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)將做進一步的檢驗以確認這個初步化驗結果。
While officials have said they expected isolated cases of the disease to arrive in New York eventually, and had been preparing for this moment for months, the first case highlighted the challenges surrounding containment of the virus, especially in a crowded metropolis.
官員此前曾預料最終會有個別病例出現在紐約，並已經爲此事進行了數月的準備，但首個病例的出現仍然突顯了病毒防控上的困難，尤其是在一個人口密集的大城市。
Even as the authorities worked to confirm that Mr. Spencer was infected with Ebola, it emerged that he traveled from Manhattan to Brooklyn on the subway on Wednesday night, when he went to a bowling alley, and then took a taxi home.
甚至就在當局確認斯潘瑟感染埃博拉的時候，已知的情況是他在週三晚上曾乘地鐵從曼哈頓前往布魯克林，他去了那裏的一家保齡球館，而後坐出租車回家。The next morning, he reported having a temperature of 103 degrees, raising questions about his health while he was out in public.
第二天上午，他報稱自己的體溫達到103華氏度（39攝氏度），這讓人懷疑他出門在外時身體狀況是否正常。People infected with Ebola cannot spread the disease until they begin to display symptoms, and it cannot be spread through the air. As people become sicker, the viral load in the body builds, and they become more and more contagious.
感染埃博拉病毒的人在出現症狀前不具傳染性，也不會通過空氣傳播病毒。隨着病情惡化，病人體液內會充滿病毒，傳染性也就越來越強。Dr. Spencer’s travel history and the timing of the onset of his symptoms led health officials to dispatch disease detectives, who “immediately began to actively trace all of the patient’s contacts to identify anyone who may be at potential risk,” according to a statement released by the department.
考慮到斯潘瑟的行程記錄和症狀出現的時間，衛生官員已經派出疾病偵查人員。據市衛生署的一份聲明稱，偵查人員“旋即開始積極追蹤病人的所有聯繫人，以發現潛在威脅”。It was unclear if the city was trying to find people who might have come into contact with Dr. Spencer on the subway. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority directed all questions to the health department, which did not immediately respond to requests for comment on the issue.
目前尚不清楚政府是否會尋找在地鐵上和斯潘瑟有接觸的人。大都會運輸署(Metropolitan Transportation Authority)將所有問題轉給了衛生署，後者沒有立即對置評請求做出迴應。At Dr. Spencer’s apartment in Harlem, his home was sealed off and workers distributed informational fliers about the disease. It was not clear if anyone was being quarantined.
斯潘瑟位於哈林區的公寓已經被封鎖，工作人員分發了有關該疾病的傳單。目前尚不清楚是否有人被隔離。Health authorities declined to say how many people in total might have come into contact with Dr. Spencer while he was symptomatic.
衛生部門拒絕透露斯潘瑟出現症狀以後一共接觸過多少人。Mayor Bill de Blasio, speaking at a news conference Thursday evening before the diagnosis, said Dr. Spencer has given health workers a detailed accounting of his activities over the last few days.
週四晚間在做出診斷前，市長白思豪(Bill de Blasio)在一次新聞發佈會上說，斯潘瑟已經向醫護人員詳細回憶了過去幾天的活動。“Our understanding is that very few people were in direct contact with him,” Mr. de Blasio said.
“據我們瞭解，和他有過直接接觸的人非常少，”白思豪說。Dr. Spencer had been working with Doctors Without Borders in Guinea, treating Ebola patients, before returning to New York City on Oct. 14, according to a city official.
據一位市政府官員稱，斯潘瑟一直在幾內亞與無國界醫生組織(Doctors Without Borders)合作治療埃博拉病人，直到10月14日回到紐約。He told the authorities that he did not believe the protective gear he wore while working with Ebola patients had been breached but had been monitoring his own health.
他對當局說，他不認爲他在治療埃博拉病人期間穿戴的防護裝備出現了問題，但是一直在監測自己的健康狀況。Doctors Without Borders, in a statement, said it provides guidelines for its staff members on their return from Ebola assignments, but did not elaborate on those protocols.
無國界醫生組織在一份聲明中說，該組織會向結束埃博拉任務後返回的成員提供指導意見，但沒有具體說明規程的細節。“The individual engaged in regular health monitoring and reported this development immediately,” the group said in a statement.
“該成員進行了定期的健康監測，並在發現狀況後立即上報，”該組織在聲明中說。Bellevue doctors have prepared for an Ebola patient with numerous drills and tests using “test patients” as well as actual treatment of suspected cases that turned out to be false alarms.
貝爾維尤的醫生針對收治埃博拉病人已經進行過多次演練，對“模擬病患”進行化驗，同時還對疑似病例進行了實際的治療，但後來證明這些病例都是虛驚一場。A health care worker at the hospital said that Dr. Spencer seemed very sick, and it was unclear to the medical staff why he had not gone to the hospital earlier, since his fever was high.
一位醫院的醫護人員說，斯潘瑟看上去病情很嚴重，醫護人員不清楚他爲什麼沒有更早入院，因爲他燒得很厲害。Dr. Spencer is a fellow of international emergency medicine at NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Medical Center, and an instructor in clinical medicine at Columbia University.
斯潘瑟是紐約長老會醫院(New York -Presbyterian Hospital)/哥倫比亞大學醫療中心(Columbia University Medical Center)的國際急救醫療研究員，並在哥倫比亞大學(Columbia University)任臨牀醫學講師。“He is a committed and responsible physician who always puts his patients first,” the hospital said in a statement. “He has not been to work at our hospital and has not seen any patients at our hospital since his return from overseas.”
“他是一位專注而負責的醫師，一貫把病人擺在第一位，”醫院在一份聲明中說。“從國外歸來後，他未曾回到我院工作，也沒有在我院爲任何病人看過病。”Even before the diagnosis, the Centers for Disease Control dispatched a team of experts to assist in the case, before the test results were even known.
在診斷作出前，疾控中心就已經派出一個專家組爲該病例提供協助，當時還不知道化驗結果。The authorities have been on high alert ever since Thomas Eric Duncan traveled to the United States in September from Liberia, and was later given a diagnosis of Ebola.
自九月托馬斯·埃裏克· 鄧肯(Thomas Eric Duncan)從利比里亞來到美國，隨後被診斷感染埃博拉以來，當局一直保持高度警惕。Mr. Duncan died at a Dallas hospital this month.
鄧肯本月在達拉斯一家醫院病逝。Several days after his death, a nurse who helped care for Mr. Duncan learned she had Ebola. Two nurses who treated Mr. Duncan fell ill but have since recovered.
在他去世幾天後，一位曾參與看護鄧肯的護士得知她感染了埃博拉。兩名參與鄧肯治療的護士也染病，後得以康復。That single case led to hundreds of people being quarantined or being asked to remain isolated from the general public..
那一個病例導致數百人被隔離，或被要求不要進入公共場所。The missteps by both local and federal authorities in handling the nation’s first Ebola case raised questions about the ability of health care workers to safely treat those with the disease.
地方和聯邦當局在全國第一宗埃博拉病例的處理上出現的問題，讓人們懷疑醫護人員是否有能力在應對該疾病時確保自身安全。In the New York City region, hospitals and emergency workers have been preparing for the appearance of the virus for months.
在紐約市地區，醫院和急救人員已經爲病毒的出現做了數月的準備。Dr. Irwin Redlener, the director of the National Center for Disaster Preparedness at Columbia University and a special adviser to Mayor de Blasio, said that the risk to the general public was minimal, but depended on a city moving swiftly.
哥倫比亞大學國家疾病準備中心主任、白思豪的特別顧問埃爾文·瑞德雷納(Irwin Redlener)說，目前對公衆構成的威脅微乎其微，但這座城市需要迅速行動起來。“New York has mobilized not only a world-class health department, but has full engagement of many other agencies that need to be on the response team,” he said.
“紐約不只是動員了一個世界級的衛生署，反應團隊中的很多其他部門也是全力投入的，”他說。
