聯合國年度重大事件回顧
2012 – Climate Change made headlines – Countries struggled between turmoil and transition – putting the United Nations to the test – to negotiate peace and define “A Future we Want” for all.
2012年氣候變化佔據新聞頭條。各國在動盪和過渡中掙扎。聯合國經受考驗，協商和平，併爲所有人構建一個我們期望的未來。In SYRIA, violence spiralled out of control. Fighting and human rights abuses by government and opposition groups left, according to some estimates, over 40,000 people dead and forced hundreds of thousands to flee.
在敘利亞，暴力失去了控制。據估計，政府和反對派組織之間的戰鬥以及違反人權行爲已經導致了4萬多人死亡，數十萬人被迫逃離家園。UN Secretary-General BAN Ki-moon: "We must stop the violence and the flow of arms to both sides and set in motion a Syrian led transition as soon as possible." The UN Security Council could not agree on action to stop the bloodshed.
聯合國祕書長潘基文：“我們必須制止暴力，制止武器流向雙方，並儘快開始敘利亞人主導的過渡進程。”安理會無法就採取行動停止流血達成一致。
US Secretary of State, Hillary Clinton: “The international community should say with one voice – without hesitation or caveat – that the killing of innocent Syrians must stop and a political transition must begin.”But some argued for caution
美國國務卿希拉里 克林頓: “國際社會必須用同一聲音，毫不猶豫或遲疑地表示，必須停止殺害無辜的敘利亞人，必須啓動政治過渡。”但是也有觀點表示要謹慎行事Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov: “There is no doubt whatsoever that the Syrian authorities bear a huge share of the responsibility for the situation, but one shouldn’t ignore the fact that for a long time now they’ve been fighting not unarmed men but combat units such as the Syrian Free Army and extremist groups including AlQaeda.”
俄羅斯外長謝爾蓋 拉夫羅夫：“毫無疑問，敘利亞當局對當前局勢負有很大責任。但任何人都不應無視以下事實，即長期以來，他們的交戰對象不是非武裝人員而是戰鬥部隊，其中包括所謂的自由敘利亞軍以及包括基地組織在內的極端團體。”Syria's UN ambassador Bashar alJa'afari accused some council members of actually fuelling the flames:
敘利亞常駐聯合國代表巴沙爾 賈法裏指責安理會一些成員實際上在煽風點火。"The same countries are undermining my country's sovereignty by encouraging terrorism and by supplying and providing all types of logistical and political support to armed groups in Syria.”
賈法裏：“同樣還是這些國家，正在通過鼓勵恐怖主義並向在敘利亞的武裝團體提供各種後勤、財政和政治支持，破壞我國的主權。”The Joint Special Envoys of UN and Arab League, Kofi Annan and later Lakhdar Brahimi, presented plans to end the violence and start dialogue, but the various Syrian parties failed to reach an agreement to end the conflict.
聯合國和阿盟聯合特使科菲 安南以及接替他的聯合特別代表卜拉希米提出了旨在結束暴力、開啓對話的計劃，但敘利亞各方未能就停止衝突達成協議。The Security Council sent 300 unarmed observers to investigate alleged massacres and other human rights violations and monitor a ceasefire that never really took hold.
安理會派出了300名非武裝觀察員，對據稱的屠殺和其它侵犯人權行爲進行調查，並對一項從未真正得到落實的停火進行監督。While the violence continues, the humanitarian needs are escalating in Syria and beyond. The World Food Program is scaling up to feed 1.5 million people in the country.
隨着衝突的持續，敘利亞及周邊地區的人道主義需求也在不斷增長。世界糧食計劃署正在加大援助力度，爲該國境內150萬人提供口糧。In GAZA, a new cycle of violence erupted after months of standstill in negotiations between the Palestinians and Israel. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon headed to the region to personally appeal for a ceasefire.
在巴以之間的談判停滯幾個月後，加沙地帶爆發了新一輪衝突。祕書長潘基文親自前往中東地區，呼籲雙方達成停火。In late November a great majority of countries approved a UN General Assembly resolution to elevate Palestine to a non-member observer state at the UN.
11月下旬，在絕大多數成員國的支持下，聯大通過決議，將巴勒斯坦在聯合國的地位提升爲觀察員國。LIBYA saw its first free and transparent elections in half a century. The UN Development Program assisted in setting up voting booths and ballot boxes, while the UN Mine Action Program removed 180 thousand explosives all over the country to help create stability and prevent arms smuggling across the region.
利比亞見證了該國半個世紀以來第一次自由和公正的選舉。聯合國開發計劃署幫助設立了投票站和選票箱。聯合國地雷行動方案在利比亞全境銷燬了18萬枚爆炸物，協助該國實現穩定，防止該地區日益猖獗的武器走私活動。Instability and turmoil in nearby MALI. After a military coup toppled the government, Islamic Jihadists used the power vacuum to occupy the country’s north. Refugees have flooded the Sahel region, which is suffering from drought and pervasive poverty.
馬裏局勢持續不穩並陷入動盪。在一場軍事政變推翻了馬裏政府後，伊斯蘭聖戰主義者佔據了該國北部的權力真空地帶。難民如潮水般涌入本已備受乾旱和貧窮困擾的薩赫勒地區。The African Union urged the UN Security Council to endorse military intervention to free Northern Mali from the extremists.
非洲聯盟敦促聯合國安理會授權軍事幹預，將馬裏北部從極端分子的控制下解放出來。African Union’s Permanent Observer to the UN, Antonio Tete:“Mali is at a crossroads. Time is of essence. We need to act fast and to send a clear and strong message (on the resolve of international community and its support to the African-led efforts.)”
非洲聯盟常駐聯合國觀察員泰特 安東尼奧：“馬里正處於十字路口。時間至關重要。我們需要迅速採取行動，並且發出明確、強有力的信號，表明國際社會有決心，並且支持非洲主導的努力。”In the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo, renewed fighting between government forces and rebel troops left 2 million people displaced and a million vulnerable children at even greater risk. As rebel soldiers advanced on the city of Goma in late November, the UN peacekeeping mission deployed attack helicopters to help the national army protect civilians amid the violence.
在剛果民主共和國東部，政府軍和反叛武裝之間戰火重燃，導致200萬人流離失所，100萬脆弱兒童面臨更大的風險。11月下旬，在反叛武裝向戈馬進發的同時，聯合國維和特派團派出了攻擊式直升機，協助政府軍在暴力衝突中保護平民。A first Birthday for SOUTH SUDAN – as diplomatic efforts by the UN Security Council help to ease tensions with neighbour Sudan over unresolved issues such as its borders and oil production.
南蘇丹度過了第一個生日。該國與鄰國蘇丹因邊界劃分和石油等懸而未決問題導致關係緊張，安理會通過外交努力幫助緩和兩國關係。US Ambassador Susan Rice: "The agreements that were signed last week in Addis on security, oil, finances, nationality and trade issues were very important and potentially historic.”
美國常駐聯合國代表蘇珊 賴斯：“上週在亞的斯亞貝巴簽署的有關安全、石油、財務、國籍和貿易問題的協議非常重要，可能是歷史性的。”Nuclear worries about IRAN – as world leaders continue to question the country’s uranium enrichment programme:
伊朗核問題令人憂慮——世界領導人繼續質疑該國的鈾濃縮方案。Israeli Prime Minister Benyamin Netanyahu: “A red line should be drawn right here, before Iran completes a second stage of nuclear enrichment necessary to make a bomb.”
以色列總理內塔尼亞胡：“應當就在這裏畫一條紅線，即在伊朗完成第二階段——製造原子彈所必需有的核濃縮——之前。”Iran insisted on the peacefulness of its nuclear program – and President Ahmadinejad accused the General Assembly of applying double standards: “The United Nations - which were created with the purpose of expanding justice and re-instituting universal rights - have in practice been engulfed by discrimination, preparing a supportive ground for the domination of a few powerful countries.
伊朗堅持其核方案的和平性質，艾哈邁迪內賈德總統指責聯大實施雙重標準：“創建聯合國的目的是擴展正義，恢復普遍人權，但聯合國實際上卻受到歧視的羈絆，從而爲少數強國攫取支配地位創造有利條件。”MYANMAR’s Nobel laureate and prodemocracy activist Aung Sun Suu Kyi received a hero’s welcome at the UN in Geneva and New York. Elected to parliament after years of house arrest, she invited international aid to build a better future for her country:
緬甸諾貝爾和平獎得主、民主活動家昂山素季在聯合國日內瓦辦事處和紐約總部受到了英雄般的歡迎。在遭到長期軟禁之後，她進入了議會，並邀請國際社會幫助她的國家建造更美好的未來。“If we all want to achieve genuine democracy for Burma, we have to learn to work together.”
昂山素季：“如果我們所有人都希望緬甸實現真正的民主，就必須學會合作。”2012 – Storms and severe weather left countries ravaged across the globe – a stark reminder that the threat of Climate Change is real.
2012年，風暴和惡劣天氣使全球許多國家遭到蹂躪，嚴酷地提醒人們氣候變化的威脅是實實在在的。Action on Climate Change was a major topic at the UN’s Rio+20 summit in Brazil, where 40 thousand people gathered to discuss developmental strategies for the 21st Century.
就氣候變化採取行動是聯合國在巴西舉行的“里約+20峯會”的一個主要議題，四萬名與會者匯聚在一起，討論21世紀的發展戰略。Ban Ki-moon: “We are on a dangerous road. We cannot continue to burn and consume our way to prosperity at the expense of the world’s poor and the global environment. (cutaway) My message to world leaders is clear: Sustainable Development is an idea whose time has come.”
潘基文：“我們正走在一條危險的道路上。我們不能再繼續通過燃燒和消耗（化石能源）的方式去實現繁榮，卻讓世界貧困人口以及全球環境爲之付出代價。（切換鏡頭）我向世界領導人傳達的訊息是明確的：可持續發展作爲一種思想的時代已經來臨。”At the summit 191 countries agreed on an outcome document, called “A Future we Want”.
在峯會上，191個國家同意達成一份成果文件：《我們期望的未來》。A Future that has already started in Indonesia, where the UN inspired project “Teens go Green” motivates students from all over the country to make environmental protection a priority.
這個“未來”在印度尼西亞已經開始。由聯合國倡導的“青少年綠化”項目激勵來自全國各地的學生把環境保護作爲一個優先事項。“We have to work on changing our mindset. If teenagers get to know the issues then we can keep the commitment to the environment going in the future.”
新聞系學生克勞蒂歐 範 納蘇遜：“我們必須致力於改變我們的思維方式。如果青少年瞭解這些問題，那麼我們就可以在未來保持對環境的承諾。”Young people everywhere are contributing to the changes. But no one more so than the year’s youngest – and possibly greatest – hero, Malala Yousafzai, a 15-year old girl from Pakistan, who survived an assassination attempt by Taliban gunmen, who accused her of promoting education for girls.
世界各地的年輕人都正在爲改變貢獻力量。但是沒有人比馬拉拉、今年最年輕或許也是最偉大的英雄做得更多。這名15歲的巴基斯坦少女在塔利班武裝人員的槍擊中倖存了下來。她因爲倡導巴基斯坦女童接受教育權利而遭到迫害。Ban Ki-moon:“The terrorists showed what frightens them most: A girl with a book.”
潘基文：“恐怖分子暴露了他們最害怕的事：女孩識字。”2012 will be remembered as complex and challenging year for the United Nations. Conflict, poverty, natural disasters, terrorism, climate change and human rights violations continue to plague humankind. The United Nations remains the global forum for discussing and solving some of the world’s most difficult problems. Carrying the torch for all these issues, Ban Ki-moon, at the Olympics in London, implored the world to keep the fire burning, for tolerance, peace and harmony. For “The Future we Want”.
對聯合國而言，2012年是複雜和充滿挑戰的一年。衝突、貧窮、自然災害、恐怖主義、氣候變化和侵犯人權的行爲繼續困擾着人類。聯合國仍然是討論和解決世界上最艱難議題的全球性論壇。高舉應對所有這些問題的火炬，潘基文在倫敦奧運會上懇請世界讓寬容、和平與和諧的熊熊之火持久燃燒。爲了我們期望的未來。
