白宮考慮進一步限制中國電信設備在美銷售

WASHingTON — The Trump administration is considering executive action to further restrict the sale of Chinese telecommunications equipment in the United States, people briefed on the discussions said, in a move that could ratchet up tensions between China and the United States as the countries vie for technological dominance.

華盛頓——特朗普政府正在考慮採取行政手段進一步限制中國電信設備在美國的銷售，知情人士表示，此舉可能會加劇中美之間的緊張局勢，目前兩國正在爲爭奪技術統治地位展開競爭。

The executive order, which could be released within days, is expected to raise the barrier for government agencies to buy products from foreign telecom equipment providers like Huawei and ZTE, two of China’s most prominent technology firms. Private government contractors may also be restricted from buying foreign telecom products, which the United States believes may be vulnerable to Chinese espionage or disruption.

該行政命令可能在幾天內發佈，預計會增加政府機構從外國電信設備供應商購買產品的障礙，比如中國最著名的兩家科技公司華爲和中興。私人政府承包商也可能被禁止購買外國電信產品，美國認爲這些產品可能容易受到中國諜報或顛覆活動的影響。

The order would follow a series of intensifying actions by the Trump administration to block Chinese technology that is seen as a national security threat. In March, the Federal Communications Commission took action to block broadband companies that receive federal subsidies from buying equipment from suppliers that are deemed a risk to national security. In April, the Commerce Department barred ZTE from purchases of American technology for seven years, saying that the company failed to punish employees who violated United States sanctions.

此前特朗普政府就已採取一系列強化行動，阻止被視爲國家安全威脅的中國技術。今年3月，聯邦通信委員會採取行動，阻止接受聯邦補貼的寬帶公司從被認定構成國家安全威脅的供應商那裏購買設備。4月份，美國商務部稱中興通訊公司未能懲罰違反美國製裁規定的員工，禁止該公司在未來七年內購買美國技術。

The Trump administration increasingly views national security and emerging technology as intertwined and has used its authority to protect national security as a way to block China from gaining an economic edge, particularly as it relates to that nation’s ambitious industrial policy, known as Made in China 2025. Both nations are racing to claim dominance in cutting-edge technology like autonomous vehicles and the next generation of wireless services, known as 5G.

特朗普政府日益認爲國家安全和新興技術緊密相連，並把它在保護國家安全方面的權力作爲阻止中國獲得經濟優勢的一種方式，尤其是在涉及中國野心勃勃的工業計劃《中國製造2025》時。兩國正在自動駕駛汽車和被稱作5G的下一代無線服務等尖端技術領域競相確立主導地位。

On Wednesday, a spokesman for the Department of Defense said the Pentagon was stopping the sale of phones made by Huawei and ZTE in stores on American military bases around the world because of security concerns.

週三，美國國防部發言人表示，出於安全考慮，五角大樓將停止在位於世界各地的美國軍事基地的商店裏銷售華爲和中興製造的手機。

While the Pentagon cannot stop service members from buying the phones elsewhere, the spokesman, Maj. Dave Eastburn, said in an email that the Defense Department was directing American military personnel to be “mindful of the security risks posed by the use of Huawei devices, regardless of where they are purchased.”

儘管五角大樓無法阻止服役人員從其他地方購買華爲和中興手機，但發言人戴夫·伊斯特本(Dave Eastburn)少校在電子郵件中說，國防部正在指示美國軍事人員“注意使用華爲設備所構成的安全風險，無論它們是從哪裏購買的。”

“Huawei and ZTE devices may pose an unacceptable risk to the department’s personnel, information and mission,“ Major Eastburn said. He cited Senate testimony in February by the director of national intelligence and the heads of the F.B.I., the C.I.A. and other agencies that Americans should not use Huawei products because of potential security risks.

“華爲和中興的設備可能會對國防部的人員、信息和任務構成無法接受的風險，”伊斯特本少校說。他援引美國國家情報總監和聯邦調查局(FBI)局長、中情局(CIA)局長及其他情報機構負責人2月在參議院的證詞，他們稱因潛在的安全風險，美國人不應使用華爲產品。

Huawei declined to comment.

華爲拒絕置評。

The crackdown on the telecom companies comes as the United States and China trade accusations of unfair policies and threats of tariffs. A delegation of top Trump administration officials, including Steven Mnuchin, the Treasury secretary, arrived in China this week for talks aimed at defusing the tensions.

這兩家電信公司遭受打擊時，正值美國和中國相互指責對方實施不公平的政策，並威脅要加徵關稅。本週，一個由財政部長史蒂文·努欽(Steven Mnuchin)等特朗普政府高層官員組成的代表團抵達中國，參加旨在緩和緊張關係的會談。

The Trump administration has been considering other curbs on China, including investment restrictions and curtailing visas for Chinese nationals who work on sensitive research projects. The White House is also weighing new rules that would add to the goods and services traded with China that are subject to so-called deemed export rules. If such rules go into effect, American companies and universities will be required to obtain special licenses for Chinese researchers who have contact with a broader range of technology — making it harder for Chinese citizens to join in scientific research and product development programs.

特朗普政府一直在考慮對中國採取其他限制措施，包括投資限制和減少向從事敏感研究的中國人發放簽證。白宮還在權衡一批新規定。它們將增加對華貿易中受所謂視同出口規定製約的商品和服務。如果這些規定生效，美國的公司和高校會被要求爲接觸技術範圍更廣的中國研究人員申請特殊的許可證。這會增加中國公民參加科學研究和產品開發的難度。

People familiar with the discussions cautioned that an executive order that expanded on these actions was still being worked on, and that legal hurdles remained.

知情人士告誡稱，詳細闡述這些行動的行政命令仍在制定過程中，法律障礙依然存在。

Lindsay E. Walters, the White House deputy press secretary, said the White House had no comment on individual actions. “Protecting critical infrastructure, including the supply chains associated with such infrastructure, is a critical part of protecting America’s national security and public safety,” she added.

白宮副發言人林賽·E·沃爾特斯(Lindsay E. Walters)說，白宮對個人行爲不予置評。“保護關鍵基礎設施，包括與這類基礎設施相關的供應鏈，是保護美國國家安全和公共安全的重要部分，”她接着說。

American companies have expressed similar national security concerns about foreign tech companies, but say they’re waiting for details of the order.

美國公司對外國科技公司表達了類似的國家安全擔憂，但表示它們正在等候命令的細節。

“Addressing global supply chain security concerns has long been a priority for the tech industry,” said Pamela Walker, vice president at the Information Technology Industry Council, a lobbying group. “Moving forward, we urge policymakers to share information with suppliers and contractors so we can increase the level of security and assurance within the supply chain.”

“應對全球供應鏈安全問題一向是科技行業的首要任務，”遊說團體信息技術產業委員會(Information Technology Industry Council)副會長帕梅拉·沃克(Pamela Walker)說。“今後，我們呼籲政策制定者與供應商和承包商共享信息，這樣我們就能提高供應鏈內部的安全和保障水平。”