年中國逾半數白領未領到年終獎
As if 2016 hadn’t been hard enough for China’s workforce, an annual survey has revealed that more than half of the country’s white-collar employees got no year-end bonus ahead of the upcoming (and costly) lunar new year holiday.
彷彿是2016年對中國員工還不夠艱難，一項年度調查披露，中國逾半數白領僱員在即將到來的（開銷巨大的）農曆春節假期來臨前沒有領到年終獎。The survey of 11,500 workers by Chinese employment agency Zhaopin found that 50.9 per cent did not get an annual bonus at the end of 2016. Another 9.6 per cent were told their bonus had been delayed until after the new year holiday.
一項由中國職業介紹機構智聯招聘(Zhaopin)對1.15萬名員工開展的調查發現，2016年底有50.9%的員工沒有拿到年終獎。還有9.6%的員工則被告知年終獎會推遲至春節假期後發放。Prior to the slowdown that began in 2014 employers in China had been less stingy with cash bonuses, which can total well over a full month’s salary and send employees back home for the holiday with plenty of cash for gifts to elders and other family members (or to squirrel away as savings).
在2014年開始的這輪放緩之前，中國的僱主對於獎金沒有這麼吝嗇。獎金的數額會大大高於一個月的薪水，讓回家度假的員工能擁有足以爲長輩和其他家庭成員購買禮物（或存爲積蓄）的現金。
The impact of sluggish growth on year-end payouts may have peaked in 2015, however, when 66 per cent of white-collar workers received no year-end bonus. And the 2016 level actually represents an improvement from 2014, when 61 per cent had to go without.
不過，增長疲軟對年終獎的影響或許在2015年已見頂。當時，66%的白領員工沒有收到年終獎。而2016年的比例實際上比2014年都有所好轉，那一年未收到年終獎的比例爲61%。But that recovery has also seen the size of bonuses drop: last year the average payout was Rmb12,821 ($1,861), about Rmb2,000 more than in 2015 but still roughly Rmb800 below the 2014 average. More than a quarter of those surveyed who saw their bonus shrink last year blamed the decrease on poor company performance.
不過，在這一反彈中也出現了獎金數額的下滑：去年的平均年終獎是12821元人民幣（合1861美元），比2015年多了大約2000元人民幣，卻仍比2014年的平均值少了800元人民幣。在獎金縮水的被調查者中，逾四分之一的人將原因歸結爲公司業績太差。Payouts also varied substantially between industries and cities. The average bonus at financial institutions was over Rmb17,200, while those in the education sector got less than half of that on average at less than Rmb7,500.
在不同產業和不同城市之間，年終獎的數額也有很大不同。金融機構的平均年終獎爲1.72萬元人民幣，而教育部門年終獎則平均不到這一數額的一半，只有不足7500元人民幣。Disparity between the 34 cities surveyed was still greater, as the the average bonus of over Rmb15,800 in Beijing was more than triple the lowest-paying city of Shenyang, the provincial capital Liaoning located in China’s northeastern rust belt.
被調查的34個城市間的差距就更大了。北京市平均年終獎超過1.58萬元人民幣，超過了年終獎最低的瀋陽市的三倍。瀋陽市是中國東北鐵鏽地帶遼寧省的省會。
Employees of state-owned firms also expressed more satisfaction with their bonuses than those at private companies – and little wonder, as the average payout at the former was Rmb17,318, or about Rmb6,000 more than what their private-sector counterparts could expect.
國有企業員工對年終獎表達了比民營企業更高的滿意度。這一點毫不奇怪，因爲國企的平均年終獎是17318元人民幣，比民企的預期年終獎高了大約6000元人民幣。But the impact of corporate stinginess can go beyond simply ruining employees’ lunar new year holiday, possibly coming back to bite employers: 39 per cent of respondents said they would look for work elsewhere if their year-end bonus was not up to snuff, an increase of 2.3 percentage points from 2015.
不過，企業在年終獎上的吝嗇，造成的影響可能不僅僅是破壞員工的春節假期，還可能回頭反噬僱主：39%的回覆者表示如果年終獎不能恢復正常，他們會另謀高就，這一比例比2015年高了2.3個百分點。
