10個作爲食物名而永垂不朽的人名(下)

5. Reuben Kulakofsky Or Arnold Reuben
5.羅賓·卡拉庫弗斯基還是阿諾德·羅賓？

Most people agree that a Reuben sandwich includes rye bread, corned beef, Swiss cheese, and sauerkraut—but who was Reuben? There are two common claims.

衆所周知，羅賓三明治是由黑麥麪包、醃製牛肉、瑞士芝士和德國醃酸菜組合而成的。但是，有個問題我們始終不明白，到底誰是羅賓呢？對此，主要有兩種說法。

One claim is that Reuben was Reuben Kulakofsky (or Kolakofsky), a grocer from Omaha, Nebraska. Apparently, he devised the sandwich for late-night poker players at the Blackstone Hotel. That claim seems unlikely, since Kulakofsky was Jewish and it wouldn't be kosher to mix beef and cheese, but maybe it was a joke?
第一種說法是，羅賓這個名字來自羅賓·卡拉庫弗斯基(Reuben Kulakofsky)。羅賓是內布拉斯加州奧哈馬市的一個雜貨店主，他發明這種三明治是爲了給在黑石頭酒店裏的玩夜場撲克牌的玩家提供宵夜。然而，這個說法看起來並不那麼可信。因爲卡拉庫弗斯基是猶太教徒，但將牛肉和芝士搭配在一起不符合猶太教的教規。因此，這看起來更像是個笑話。
The second common claim is that the Reuben sandwich originated at the now-defunct Reuben's (or Reuben's Restaurant), a deli in New York City named after its founder, Arnold Reuben. In fact, that claim has several variations. The most common one says that actress Anna Seelos came into the deli after her nightly performance. She asked for a sandwich and got one with rye bread, baked Virginia ham, roast turkey, Swiss cheese, coleslaw, and Reuben's special Russian dressing. That version was known as the “Reuben Special,” and the Reuben sandwich was a variation that came later.
第二個常見的說法是羅賓三明治源於一個現在已經不存在的餐廳“羅賓家”(Roben's)，這是一家由創始人安諾德·羅賓的名字命名的熟食店。這個故事被人們演繹出了好幾個不同的版本。最有名的一個版本是這樣的：有一天晚上，在結束夜場的演出以後，女演員安娜·澤洛斯走進了這家熟食店，她要了一個特別的三明治，這裏面有黑麥麪包、烤維吉尼亞火腿、烤火雞肉、瑞士芝士、涼拌捲心菜以及羅賓家特製的俄羅斯沙拉醬。而這個三明治也就是後來廣爲人知的“羅賓家特供”。羅賓三明治則是隨後誕生的一個三明治種類。
Unfortunately, there are no known reliable records to establish which claim is true.
遺憾的是，現在也沒有確鑿的證據證明到底哪個說法纔是真的。
4. Clara “Tootsie” Hirshfield
4.克拉拉·“杜絲”·赫斯菲爾德

Tootsie Rolls are marketed as “the iconic treat that offers a perfectly-balanced cocoa taste, lined with a subtle, fruit-flavored undertone.” (This scribbler would describe them as an individually-wrapped mini-log, not-quite caramel and not-quite chocolate and which he was not-quite happy to get for Halloween.)

杜絲巧克力糖是全球公認的最有熱可可口感的糖果，而且還有着一股淡淡的水果香味。（但作者說它夾雜着一股惹人厭的原木味，既沒有濃郁的焦糖味也沒有甜甜的巧克力味，即使在萬聖節收到這個糖果也不會高興）。

Would you believe that Tootsie Roll Industries Inc., the maker of Tootsie Rolls, is a publicly traded company which booked about US$540 million in revenue in 2013? The company was founded in 1896 by Leo Hirshfield, an Austrian immigrant to the United States. Tootsie Rolls were their first product, but over time they developed many others (for example, the Tootsie Pop, a lollipop). They also acquired many other confectionery brands, including Dubble Bubble and Junior Mints.
看到這，你會相信杜絲巧克力糖果公司是一個財政記錄在案的2013年收入是5億4千萬美元的上市公司嗎？這個公司是里奧·赫斯菲爾德在1896從澳大利亞移民到美國時創辦的。杜絲巧克力糖是他公司的第一款產品，但沒過多久他們就生產了很多其他的產品（例如：Tootsie Pop夾心棒棒糖).而且他們還併購了包括大大泡泡糖（Dubble Bubble），薄荷糖組合（Junior Mints）在內的其他甜食品牌。
Why were they called Tootsie Rolls? In the late 1800s, the word “tootsie” was slang for “girl” or “sweetheart.” The official story is that Leo Hirshfield named Tootsie Rolls after his daughter Clara, who went by the nickname “Tootsie.”
可是爲什麼會叫做Tootsie Rolls呢？這要從18世界晚期說起了，在那時“tootsie”是“女孩”或者“甜心”的代稱。官方的解釋是里奧·赫斯菲爾德給女兒克拉拉起名爲Tootsie Rolls，之後便用Tootsie Rolls作爲其公司的名字。
3. Luisa Tetrazzini
a Tetrazzini

Luisa Tetrazzini was an internationally-famous Italian soprano in the early 20th century, known for her strong high notes and her mastery of runs, trills, and staccati. At one point, a contract dispute caused performance hang-ups in New York, so she declared: “I will sing in San Francisco if I have to sing there in the streets, for I know the streets of San Francisco are free.” The papers loved it, and on Christmas Eve 1910, she appeared on a stage at the corner of San Francisco's Market and Kearney to serenade a crowd of some 250,000 people.

Luisa Tetrazzini是20世紀早期享有國際聲譽的一名意大利女高音歌唱家，她以其雄厚有力的高音以及對於急唱、顫音和斷音的精湛演繹而享譽世界。她曾經因在紐約表演陷入了一項合同糾紛，於是發表聲明說：“如果有一天我不得不在街道上唱歌，我會選擇在舊金山的街道唱歌，那是因爲舊金山是一個自由的城市”。在1910年的平安夜，伴隨着可尼的小夜曲的音樂，Luisa Tetrazzini出現在舊金山一個商場的舞臺中央，吸引了25萬多人聚集在此只爲欣賞她美妙的歌聲。

It was common for chefs to name new dishes after famous people, and one chef decided to name his after Tetrazzini. The recipe varies but usually includes fowl or seafood, mushrooms, almonds, and a white cheese sauce. Vegetables are often added, and it's typically served atop pasta. But who was the chef? Was it Mr. Pavani, the chef at the Knickerbocker Hotel in New York City? Was it legendary French chef George Auguste Escoffier? Or was it Ernest Arbogast, the chef at the Palace in San Francisco? Alas, nobody knows.
對於廚師來說，以一位名人的名字命名一道新菜品是最正常不過了。於是就有一名廚師將他的一道新菜品命名爲Tetrazzini。儘管菜譜五花八門，但是這道菜無論怎麼做都有肉或者海產品，蘑菇，杏仁和白奶酪調味汁。當然蔬菜也是這道菜的主打，這是傳統的意大利麪的做法。那麼到底是哪位廚師首創的這道菜呢?是紐約荷蘭酒店的帕瓦尼主廚（Mr. Pavani）?還是傳奇的法國廚師喬治·奧古斯特·埃斯科菲埃（George Auguste Escoffier）？或者是舊金山王室主廚歐內斯特·阿博加斯特（Ernest Arbogast）？遺憾的是，無人知曉。
2. John McIntosh
2.約翰·麥託什

John McIntosh was a farmer in what is now South Dundas, about 100 km (60 mi) south of Ottawa, Canada. Sometime after 1811, either he or his son Allan discovered several apple seedlings while clearing land. Those seedlings were transplanted, and one in particular produced fruit of immense quality. The skin was red and green, the fruit was tart, and it was suitable for both eating and cooking.

約翰·麥金託什（John Mclntosh)是個來自加拿大渥太華南部100公里左右的農民，也就是今天的南鄧達斯（South Dundas）。1811年之後的某個時候，他或他的兒子在清理田地時發現了幾顆蘋果樹苗。然後他們就移植了這些樹苗，其中的一株樹苗長大之後還結出非常多的果實。它們的果皮或紅或綠，果子味酸，既適合直接食用也適合烹飪。

Allan learned grafting around 1835 and used it to clone the precious tree. He and his brother Sandy promoted the resulting fruit as the “McIntosh Red.” However, the McIntosh's popularity didn't take off until the 20th century. One reason was that McIntosh apple trees are highly susceptible to a disease called apple scab. Once effective fungicides were invented, apple scab became less of a problem. The McIntosh apple is still popular, but has now been eclipsed by the Red Delicious, Gala, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith, and Fuji.
大約在1835年，艾倫學會了嫁接技術，並克隆了這些珍貴的蘋果樹。他和弟弟桑迪將這種蘋果稱作爲“麥金託什紅蘋果”推廣了出去。然而，直到20世紀，這種蘋果的人氣都沒有得到提升。其中一個原因便是因爲生產“麥金託什紅蘋果”的蘋果樹容易患上黑星病。直到有效的殺菌劑被髮明出來以後，黑星病對蘋果樹來說就不再是任何問題了。至今，麥金託什蘋果仍十分受歡迎，但如今相較於蛇果、嘎啦蘋果、金冠蘋果、史密斯奶奶蘋果以及富士蘋果，麥金託什紅蘋果就稍有遜色了。
1. Ruth Cleveland Or Babe Ruth
1.克利夫蘭魯斯還是貝比魯斯

The Baby Ruth is an American candy bar made with peanuts, caramel, and nougat. It's almost what you'd get if you took an Oh Henry! bar and turned the fudge into nougat.

魯斯寶貝（Baby Ruth）是一種由花生、焦糖和牛軋糖製成的美國糖塊。一塊“魯斯寶貝”相當於用一個Oh Henry! 棒棒糖才能將軟糖變爲牛軋糖。

When the Curtiss Candy Company introduced the Baby Ruth bar in 1921, many people assumed its name was a reference to Babe Ruth, the star baseball player. Curtiss claimed that their candy bar was named after Ruth Cleveland, the daughter of President Grover Cleveland. Uh huh.

當柯蒂斯糖果公司於1921年將“魯斯寶貝”引進美國時，許多人誤以爲它的名字是取自於一個棒球球員貝比魯斯（Babe Ruth）。但是柯蒂斯卻宣稱他們的糖果名字取自格羅弗克利夫蘭（Grover Cleveland）總統的女兒，魯斯克利夫蘭（Ruth Cleveland）。呵呵。
Ruth Cleveland had died at age 12 in 1904. By 1921, she'd been dead for 17 years. Her father was also old news, having passed away in 1908. Babe Ruth, on the other hand, was a household name in 1921, not only for his baseball talents, but also for his reckless lifestyle off the field. When people noted these facts, Curtiss stood by their Ruth Cleveland story. They never had to pay royalties to Babe Ruth.
魯斯克利夫蘭（Ruth Cleveland）死於1904年，享年12歲。直到1921年，她已經去世了17年。她的父親於1908年離開了人世，同樣也已成往事了。在另一方面，貝比魯斯（Babe Ruth）在1921年同樣是一個家喻戶曉的名字，不僅是因爲他的棒球天賦，還因爲他在場下魯莽的生活作風。人們在注意到這些事實時，柯蒂斯糖果公司始終堅稱自己的糖果名取自魯斯克利夫蘭(Ruth Cleveand)，他們從不對貝比魯斯（Babe Ruth）支付任何版權使用費。
What's the official story today? The Baby Ruth brand is now owned by Nestle. When your humble researcher went to their Baby Ruth page, he found no explanation of the name whatsoever (unlike their page about Oh Henry!).
今天官方的說法是什麼呢？“魯斯寶貝”這個品牌現在由雀巢擁有。當謙遜的研究者們進入雀巢網站上魯斯寶貝（Baby Ruth）的網頁，他無論如何都找不到關於它名字的由來。（不同於他們頁面上對於Oh Henry！的介紹）

本文轉載自前十網，譯者：Victoria，丸子，程程，豆兒，兔兔