10個作爲食物名而永垂不朽的人名(上)
10 People Immortalized As Foods
10個作爲食物名而永垂不朽的人名
Over time, plenty of place names have become attached to food. For example, Hamburg got the hamburger and Brussels got the Brussels sprout. But more rarely, a person's name would be immortalized in cuisine. Listverse wrote about eggs Benedict and others in a previous list, but there are more!
在漫漫時間長河中，相當多的地名都與食物名緊密相關。例如，德國漢堡市(Hamburg)市名就取自漢堡包(hamburger)，比利時的布魯塞爾(Brussels)得名於球芽甘藍（Brussels sprout)。更爲罕見的是，一個人的名字或許會作爲一道菜系而永垂不朽。除以上述例子外，本文列出了班尼迪克雞蛋（eggs Benedict）以及更多吃貨們不可不知的，取自名人之名的食物。
10. Richard Williams And Enoch Bartlett
10.理查德·威廉姆斯(Richard Williams)和艾諾克·巴勒特
Outside of Asia, the most common variety of pear is the Williams pear, a special offshoot of the European pear tree species. It's named after Richard Williams, who raised the trees in his nursery and spread them across England. It's said that the first ones came from the yard of a schoolmaster in the village of Aldermaston.
在亞洲以外的地區，最常見的梨當屬威廉姆斯梨(Williams pear),。這種梨是歐洲梨種的一個特殊分支。一位名叫理查德·威廉姆斯的人，他不僅在果園種植這種梨，還將它們傳播到了整個英格蘭，所以世人將此梨定名威廉姆斯梨。據說第一批威廉姆斯梨還產自奧爾德瑪斯頓村（Aldermaston）一名老師的園圃裏。
An American named James Carter (not the peanut-farming President) brought several Williams pear trees to the United States. They were planted on land owned by Thomas Brewer in Roxbury, Massachusetts. That land ended up in the hands of one Enoch Bartlett, who sold the pears and spread them across North America. Maybe he didn't know they already had a name, or maybe he just ignored that minor fact, but he called them Bartlett pears and the name stuck. It's what North Americans call them to this day.
後來，一位叫詹姆斯·卡特(James Carter) 的美國人將威廉姆斯梨引進了美國，並將它們種在位於馬薩諸塞州羅克斯伯(Roxbury, Massachusetts)市一位名叫托馬斯·布魯(Thomas Brewer) 的農場主的土地裏。可這塊地很快被艾諾克·巴勒特（Enoch Bartlett）接手，他將梨銷往北美各地。也許他並不知道該梨已經“芳名有主”，又或是他故意忽略這個事實，於是他就“任性”地把這種梨叫“巴勒特梨”（Bartlett pears）。巴勒特梨就作爲該梨的名字在北美沿用至今了。
9. Otto Von Bismarck
9. 奧托·馮·俾斯麥(Otto Von Bismarck)
Jelly-filled doughnuts (with no doughnut hole) originated in Germany, where they were traditionally eaten to celebrate New Year's Eve and the carnival days before Lent (Rose Monday and Shrove Tuesday). They're usually frosted with icing, topped with whipped cream, or sprinkled with sugar. The filling could actually be jelly, jam, chocolate, custard, or something else.
果醬甜甜圈(Jelly-filled doughnuts)原產於德國，是一種在歡慶新年除夕與大齋節(Lent)前狂歡時吃的傳統甜點（譯註：大齋節，自聖灰星期天開始至復活節前的40天，在此期間進行齋戒和懺悔）。通常，甜甜圈表面會裹上糖衣，淋上些許奶油，再撒上白糖。而甜滋滋的果醬、巧克力、蛋奶糊等都可作爲醬心原料。
German immigrants brought many of their traditions to North America, including the jelly-filled doughnut. Some North Americans call them Bismarcks (or Bismarks). Other North Americans call them jelly doughnuts or jam busters. There's no known record of how the word Bismarck was first applied to the snack, but Otto von Bismarck was a world-renowned German in the 1800s. He was first Chancellor of Germany, and many American things were named after him, including the capital of North Dakota.
德國移民者移居北美時帶了許多本國的傳統習俗，其中也包括果醬甜甜圈。有的北美人稱其爲俾斯麥(Bismarcks)，而有的人就直呼果醬甜甜圈或果醬餅。雖然爲何以俾斯麥命名這種甜點已無證考究。可是，奧托·馮·俾斯麥(Otto Von Bismarck)乃19世紀名震天下的日耳曼人，德意志帝國史上首位宰相，並且許多美國的地名、物名等都以俾斯麥冠名，其中就包括美國北達科州(North Dakota)的首府。
There's also an entirely different food known as a Bismarck! That would be the Dutch baby pancake, a sweet, light, hollow roll (popover) normally served at breakfast. Despite their name, they were invented by a restaurant in Seattle.
還有一種有與之完全不同的食物被稱作俾斯麥的！那就是作爲普通早點的荷蘭小煎餅 (the Dutch baby pancake)，一種味道香甜，口感薄脆，呈空心卷狀的淡烤酥餅。名雖如此，但此餅卻是由西雅圖的一家餐廳發明的。
8. Ah Bing
8.阿兵
Ah Bing was born in Manchuria, China in the first half of the 19th century. He eventually traveled to America and around 1855 he found work in the orchards of the Lewelling family near Milwaukie, Oregon. Over time, he became a foreman, overseeing 30 other workers.
阿兵出生於19世紀上半葉的中國滿洲，後來他前往美國，大約1855年的時候他在萊韋靈家族靠近俄勒岡州密爾沃基市（Milwaukie, Oregon）的果園找到了一份工作。隨着時間的推移，他成爲了果園的領班，帶領着30個工人。
Seth Lewelling, the brother of the original orchard founder, was a horticulturist who was very good at developing new varieties of cherry. In 1860, he grew the first Black Republican cherry tree (the name sounds strange now, but meant something different then). In 1875, a Black Republican planting produced a promising seedling—the cherries were so big that some people mistook them for crabapples! Seth named the new variety the Bing cherry, after his foreman.
賽斯·萊韋靈（Seth Lewelling）是果園最初創始人的兄弟，也是一位擅長培育新品種櫻桃樹的園藝家。他於1860年培育了第一棵黑共和黨櫻桃樹（名字聽起來很奇怪吧！但是卻有不同的意義在裏面）。在1875年，這種黑共和黨櫻桃樹結出了一批前景很好的果實——結出的櫻桃太大了以至於有人將其誤認爲是山楂！賽斯採用了領班的名字Bing來命名這種新的櫻桃，將其稱作“冰”櫻桃。
Over time, the Bing cherry became very popular, and it's still the most produced variety of sweet cherry in the USA. In 1889, Ah Bing returned to China to visit his family. The US government's Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 prevented him from returning to America.
隨着時間的推移，“冰”櫻桃變得非常受歡迎。直到現在“冰”櫻桃仍是美國生產得最多的種類。1879年，阿兵返回中國探望家人。但1882年的美國政府的排華法案阻止他再次回到美國。
7. A Boy Named Henry
7.一個叫“亨利”的男孩
The Oh Henry! is a candy bar containing fudge, peanuts, and caramel. It's made by Nestle in the USA and by Hershey in Canada (the two versions are actually a little bit different). The official history (from the Nestle and Hershey Canada websites) says that the original Oh Henry! bar was introduced in 1920, by the Williamson Candy Company of Chicago.
“哦，亨利”是一種含有乳脂軟糖、花生以及焦糖的糖塊，它是由雀巢公司在美國和加拿大的赫爾希（Hershey）公司生產的（這兩個公司生產的亨利糖塊實際上有點不一樣）。官方的歷史（來自雀巢和赫爾希加拿大網站）表示，最初的亨利糖是由芝加哥威廉姆森糖果公司於1920 年引進的。
“The bar was named after a boy who used to come into the Williamson Candy Company factory to flirt with the girls making candy. Every time the girls needed to have something done, they would call ‘Oh Henry!' ”
“這種糖是由一個男孩的名字命名的，該男孩進入威廉姆森糖果公司工廠後經常與製作糖果的女孩調情。每次這些女孩需要做一些事情的時候，她們就會打電話說，‘噢，亨利'！”
Aww, how sweet. Is it true, though? There are other stories. One says that George Williamson (the founder of the candy company) enjoyed the short stories of William Sydney Porter, who wrote under the pen name O. Henry. Another story says the candy bar was originally developed by, and named after, Tom Henry, a candy maker who would help others improve their candy bars. One thing is certain—it wasn't named after King Henry VIII.
哇哦，多麼甜蜜的故事啊！然而這是真的嗎？關於這種糖名字的由來還有很多其他的故事版本。其中一個版本是說，喬治 · 威廉姆森（糖果公司的創始人）非常欣賞用“哦，亨利”作爲筆名的作家——威廉悉尼 · 波特寫的短篇故事。另外一個故事版本是說，這種糖果最初是由一個叫湯姆.亨利的人發明的,他是一位幫助別人改進他們的糖果的糖果製造商。而不論是到底哪一版本是才真的,我們可以肯定的是,這種糖果的名字一定與亨利八世無關。
6. Brother Marie-Clement
6.教友瑪利亞·克萊門特
Vital Rodier was born in central France in the early 19th century. In 1859, he traveled to northern Algeria and joined the Brothers of the Annunciation, a Catholic organization of which his uncle was already a member. He became Brother Marie-Clement. The brotherhood ran an orphanage, which Rodier helped to manage.
維塔·羅迪爾（Vital Rodier）於十九世紀早期出生在法國中部。1859年，他在遊歷北阿爾及利亞期間加入了報喜兄弟會（the Brothers of the Annunciation）。報喜兄弟會是一個天主教組織，羅迪爾的叔叔也是其中的一員。在那裏，他成爲教友瑪利亞·克萊門特。之後，羅迪爾幫助其他教友管理着一家孤兒院。
The orphanage included a large farm, and Brother Marie-Clement soon took a keen interest in horticulture. At some point, he either developed or discovered a new variety of citrus fruit (it may actually have originated in the Orient). The French botanist Louis Trabut noted the new variety and recommended it be called the Clementine in honor of Marie-Clement.
該孤兒院有一塊大農場，很快克萊門特就對園藝產生了濃厚的興趣。在某一時刻，他發現了一個新的柑橘品種（這個新品種實際上很可能原產於東方）。爲了表彰瑪利亞·克萊門特的傑出貢獻，法國植物學家路易斯·特哈布特（Louis Trabut）在記錄這個新品種的柑橘時將它命名爲“克萊門特蒂娜柑橘”（Clementine）。
Clementines are also sometimes called Christmas oranges, because their peak season is November through January. They were once thought to be a hybrid of a mandarin and a bitter orange, but modern genetic studies have confirmed that they're a hybrid of mandarins and sweet oranges.
“克萊門特蒂娜柑橘”（Clementine）也被稱爲聖誕柑橘(Christmas oranges)，因爲它主要在每年十一月至來年的一月期間上市。最初，人們認爲它是由柑橘和一種苦橙雜交而來的。但是，現代基因學研究證明，它其實是柑橘和一種甜橙的雜交品種。
本文轉載自前十網，譯者：Victoria，丸子，程程，豆兒，兔兔
