安徒生童話:The Jewish Maiden猶太女子
the Jewish Maiden
by Hans Christian Andersen（1856）
IN a charity school， among the children， sat a little Jewish girl. She was a good， intelligent child， and very quick at her lessons； but the Scripture-lesson class she was not allowed to join， for this was a Christian school. During the hour of this lesson， the Jewish girl was allowed to learn her geography， or to work her sum for the next day； and when her geography lesson was perfect， the book remained open before her， but she read not another word， for she sat silently listening to the words of the Christian teacher. He soon became aware that the little one was paying more attention to what he said than most of the other children. “Read your book， Sarah，” he said to her gently.
But again and again he saw her dark， beaming eyes fixed upon him； and once， when he asked her a question， she could answer him even better than the other children. She had not only heard， but understood his words， and pondered them in her heart. Her father， a poor but honest man， had placed his daughter at the school on the conditions that she should not be instructed in the Christian faith. But it might have caused confusion， or raised discontent in the minds of the other children if she had been sent out of the room， so she remained； and now it was evident this could not go on. The teacher went to her father， and advised him to remove his daughter from the school， or to allow her to become a Christian. “I cannot any longer be an idle spectator of those beaming eyes， which express such a deep and earnest longing for the words of the gospel，” said he.
then the father burst into tears. “I know very little of the law of my fathers，” said he； “but Sarah's mother was firm in her belief as a daughter of Israel， and I vowed to her on her deathbed that our child should never be baptized. I must keep my vow： it is to me even as a covenant with God Himself.” And so the little Jewish girl left the Christian school.
Years rolled by. In one of the smallest provincial towns， in a humble household， lived a poor maiden of the Jewish faith， as a servant. Her hair was black as ebony， her eye dark as night， yet full of light and brilliancy so peculiar to the daughters of the east. It was Sarah. The expression in the face of the grown-up maiden was still the same as when， a child， she sat on the schoolroom form listening with thoughtful eyes to the words of the Christian teacher. Every Sunday there sounded forth from a church close by the tones of an organ and the singing of the conGREgation. The Jewish girl heard them in the house where， industrious and faithful in all things， she performed her household duties. “Thou shalt keep the Sabbath holy，” said the voice of the law in her heart； but her Sabbath was a working day among the Christians， which was a great trouble to her. And then as the thought arose in her mind， “Does God reckon by days and hours？” her conscience felt satisfied on this question， and she found it a comfort to her， that on the Christian Sabbath she could have an hour for her own prayers undisturbed. The music and singing of the congregation sounded in her ears while at work in her kitchen， till the place itself became sacred to her. Then she would read in the Old Testament， that treasure and comfort to her people， and it was indeed the only Scriptures she could read. Faithfully in her inmost thoughts had she kept the words of her father to her teacher when she left the school， and the vow he had made to her dying mother that she should never receive Christian baptism. The New Testament must remain to her a sealed book， and yet she knew a great deal of its teaching， and the sound of the gospel truths still lingered among the recollections of her childhood.
One evening she was sitting in a corner of the dining-room， while her master read aloud. It was not the gospel he read， but an old story-book； therefore she might stay and listen to him. The story related that a Hungarian knight， who had been taken prisoner by a Turkish pasha， was most cruelly treated by him. He caused him to be yoked with his oxen to the plough， and driven with blows from the whip till the blood flowed， and he almost sunk with exhaustion and pain. The faithful wife of the knight at home gave up all her jewels， mortgaged her castle and land， and his friends raised large sums to make up the ransom demanded for his release， which was most enormously high. It was collected at last， and the knight released from slavery and misery. Sick and exhausted， he reached home.
Ere long came another summons to a struggle with the foes of Christianity. The still living knight heard the sound； he could endure no more， he had neither peace nor rest. He caused himself to be lifted on his war-horse； the color came into his cheeks， and his strength returned to him again as he went forth to battle and to victory. The very same pasha who had yoked him to the plough， became his prisoner， and was dragged to a dungeon in the castle. But an hour had scarcely passed， when the knight stood before the captive pasha， and inquired， “What do you suppose awaiteth thee？”
“I know，” replied the pasha； “retribution.”
“Yes， the retribution of a Christian，” replied the knight. “The teaching of Christ， the Teacher， commands us to forgive our enemies， to love our neighbors； for God is love. Depart in peace： return to thy home. I give thee back to thy loved ones. But in future be mild and humane to all who are in trouble.”
then the prisoner burst into tears， and exclaimed， “Oh how could I imagine such mercy and forgiveness！ I expected pain and torment. It seemed to me so sure that I took poison， which I secretly carried about me； and in a few hours its effects will destroy me. I must die！ Nothing can save me！ But before I die， explain to me the teaching which is so full of love and mercy， so GREat and God-like. Oh， that I may hear his teaching， and die a Christian！” And his prayer was granted.
This was the legend which the master read out of the old story-book. Every one in the house who was present listened， and shared the pleasure； but Sarah， the Jewish girl， sitting so still in a corner， felt her heart burn with excitement. GREat tears came into her shining dark eyes； and with the same gentle piety with which she had once listened to the gospel while sitting on the form at school， she felt its grandeur now， and the tears rolled down her cheeks. Then the last words of her dying mother rose before her， “Let not my child become a Christian；” and with them sounded in her heart the words of the law， “Honor thy father and thy mother.”
“I am not admitted among the Christians，” she said； “they mock me as a Jewish girl； the neighbors' boys did so last Sunday when I stood looking in through the open church door at the candles burning on the altar， and listening to the singing. Ever since I sat on the school-bench I have felt the power of Christianity； a power which， like a sunbeam， streams into my heart， however closely I may close my eyes against it. But I will not grieve thee， my mother， in thy grave. I will not be unfaithful to my father's vow. I will not read the Bible of the Christian. I have the God of my fathers， and in Him I will trust.”
And again years passed by. Sarah's master died， and his widow found herself in such reduced circumstances that she wished to dismiss her servant maid； but Sarah refused to leave the house， and she became a true support in time of trouble， and kept the household together by working till late at night， with her busy hands， to earn their daily bread. Not a relative came forward to assist them， and the widow was confined to a sick bed for months and GREw weaker from day to day. Sarah worked hard， but contrived to spare time to amuse her and watch by the sick bed. She was gentle and pious， an angel of blessing in that house of poverty.
“My Bible lies on the table yonder，” said the sick woman one day to Sarah. “Read me something from it； the night appears so long， and my spirit thirsts to hear the word of God.”
And Sarah bowed her head. She took the book， and folded her hand over the Bible of the Christians， and at last opened it， and read to the sick woman. Tears stood in her eyes as she read， and they shone with brightness， for in her heart it was light.
“Mother，” she murmured， “thy child may not receive Christian baptism， nor be admitted into the conGREgation of Christian people. Thou hast so willed it， and I will respect thy command. We are therefore still united here on earth； but in the next world there will be a higher union， even with God Himself， who leads and guides His people till death. He came down from heaven to earth to suffer for us， that we should bring forth the fruits of repentance. I understand it now. I know not how I learnt this truth， unless it is through the name of Christ.” Yet she trembled as she pronounced the holy name. She struggled against these convictions of the truth of Christianity for some days， till one evening while watching her mistress she was suddenly taken very ill； her limbs tottered under her， and she sank fainting by the bedside of the sick woman.
“Poor Sarah，” said the neighbors； “she is overcome with hard work and night watching.” And then they carried her to the hospital for the sick poor. There she died； and they bore her to her resting-place in the earth， but not to the churchyard of the Christians. There was no place for the Jewish girl； but they dug a grave for her outside the wall. And God's sun， which shines upon the graves of the churchyard of the Christians， also throws its beams on the grave of the Jewish maiden beyond the wall. And when the psalms of the Christians sound across the churchyard， their echo reaches her lonely resting-place； and she who sleeps there will be counted worthy at the resurrection， through the name of Christ the Lord， who said to His disciples， “John baptized you with water， but I will baptize you with the Holy Ghost.”
在一個慈善學校的許多孩子中間，有一個小小的猶太女孩子。她又聰明，又善良，可以說是他們之中最聰明的一個孩子。但是有一種課程她不能聽，那就是宗教這一課（註：因爲信仰基督教和信仰猶太教是不相容的。）。是的，她是在一個基督教的學校裏唸書。
她可以利用上這一課的時間去溫習地理，或者準備算術。但是這些功課一下子就做完了。書攤在她面前，可是她並沒有讀。她在坐着靜聽。老師馬上就注意到，她比任何其他的孩子都聽得專心。“讀你自己的書吧，”老師用溫和而熱忱的口氣說。她的一對黑得發亮的眼睛望着他。當他向她提問題的時候，她能回答得比所有的孩子都好。她把課全聽了，領會了，而且記住了。
她的父親是一個窮苦而正直的人。他曾經向學校請求不要把基督教的課程教給這孩子聽。不過假如教這一門功課的時候就叫她走開，那麼學校裏的別的孩子可能會起反感，甚至引其他們胡思亂想。因此她就留在教室裏，但是老這樣下去是不對頭的。
老師去拜訪她的父親，請求他把女兒接回家去，或者乾脆讓薩拉做一個基督徒。“她的那對明亮的眼睛、她的靈魂所表示的對教義的真誠和渴望，實在叫我不忍看不去！”老師說。
父親不禁哭起來，說：“我對於我們自己的宗教也懂得太少，不過她的媽媽是一個猶太人的女兒，而且信教很深。當她躺在牀上要斷氣的時候，我答應過她，說我決不會讓我們的孩子受基督教的洗禮。我必須保持我的諾言，因爲這等於是跟上帝訂下的一個默契。”
這樣，猶太女孩子就離開了這個基督教的學校。
許多年過去了。在尤蘭的一個小市鎮裏有一個寒微的人家，裏面住着一個信仰猶太教的窮苦女傭人。她就是薩拉。她的頭髮像烏木一樣發黑；她的眼睛深暗，但是像所有的東方女子一樣，它們射出明朗的光輝。她現在雖然是一個成年的女傭人，但是她臉上仍然留下兒時的表情——單獨坐在學校的凳子上、睜着一對大眼睛聽課時的那種孩子的表情。
每個禮拜天教堂的風琴奏出音樂，做禮拜的人唱出歌聲。這些聲音飄到街上，飄到對面的一個屋子裏去。這個猶太女子就在這屋子裏勤勞地、忠誠地做着工作。“記住這個安息日，把它當做一個神聖的日子！”這是她的信條。但是對她說來，安息日卻是一個爲基督徒勞作的日子。她只有在心裏把這個日子當做神聖的日子，不過她覺得這還不太夠。
不過日子和時刻，在上帝的眼中看來，有甚麼了不起的分別呢？這個思想是在她的靈魂中產生的。在這個基督徒的禮拜天，她也有她安靜的祈禱的時刻。只要風琴聲和聖詩班的歌聲能飄到廚房污水溝的後邊來，那麼這塊地方也可以說是安靜和神聖的地方了。於是她就開始讀她族人的唯一寶物和財產——《聖經·舊約全書》。她只能讀這部書（註：1基督教的《聖經》包括《舊約全書》和《新約全書》。猶太教的《聖經》則限於《舊約全書》的內容。），因爲她心中深深地記得她的父親所說的話——父親把她領回家時，曾對她和老師講過：當她的母親正在斷氣的時候，他曾經答應過她，不讓薩拉放棄祖先的信仰而成爲一個基督徒。
對於她說來，《聖經·新約全書》是一部禁書，而且也應該是一部禁書。但是她很熟習這部書，因爲它從童年時的記憶中射出光來。
有一天晚上，她坐在起居室的一個角落裏，聽她的主人高聲地讀書。她聽一聽當然也沒有關係，因爲這並不是《福音書》——不是的，他是在讀一本舊的故事書。因此她可以旁聽。書中描寫一個匈牙利的騎士，被一個土耳其的高級軍官俘獲去了。這個軍官把他同牛一起套在軛下犁田，而且用鞭子趕着他工作。他所受到的侮辱和痛苦是無法形容的。
這位騎士的妻子把她所有的金銀首飾都賣光了，把堡寨和田產也都典當出去了，他的許多朋友也捐募了大批金錢，因爲那個軍官所要求的贖金是出乎意外地高。不過這筆數目終於湊集齊了。他算是從奴役和羞辱中獲得瞭解放。他回到家來時已經是病得支持不住了。
不過沒有多久，另外一道命令又下來了，徵集大家去跟基督教的敵人作戰。病人一聽到這道命令，就無法休息，也安靜不下來。他叫人把他扶到戰馬上。血集中到他的臉上來，他又覺得有氣力了。他向勝利馳去。那位把他套在軛下、侮辱他、使他痛苦的將軍，現在成了他的俘虜。這個俘虜現在被帶到他的堡寨裏來，還不到一個鐘頭，那位騎士就出現了。他問這俘虜說：“你想你會得到甚麼待遇呢？”“我知道！”土耳其人說。“報復！”“一點也不錯，你會得到一個基督徒的報復！”騎士說。“基督的教義告訴我們寬恕我們的敵人，愛我們的同胞。上帝本身就是愛！平安地回到你的家裏，回到你的親愛的人中間去吧。不過請你將來對受難的人放溫和一些，放仁慈一些吧！”
這個俘虜忽然哭起來：“我怎能夢想得到這樣的待遇呢？我想我一定會受到酷刑和痛苦。因此我已經服了毒，過幾個鐘頭毒性就要發作。我非死不可，一點辦法也沒有！不過在我沒有死以前，請把這種充滿了愛和慈悲的教義講給我聽一次。它是這麼偉大和神聖！讓我懷着這個信仰死去吧！讓我作爲一個基督徒死去吧！”
他的這個要求得到了滿足。
剛纔所讀的是一個傳說，一個故事。大家都聽到了，也懂得了。不過最受感動和得到印象最深的是坐在牆角里的那個女傭人——猶太女子薩拉。大顆的淚珠在她烏黑的眼睛裏發出亮光。她懷着孩子的心情坐在那兒，正如她從前坐在教室的凳子上一樣。她感到了福音的偉大。眼淚滾到她的臉上來。“不要讓我的孩子成爲一個基督徒！”這是她的母親在死去時說的最後的話。這句話像法律似的在她的靈魂和心裏發出迴音：“你必須尊敬你的父母！”“我不受洗禮！大家把我叫做猶太女子。上個禮拜天鄰家的一些孩子就這樣譏笑過我。那天我正站在開着的教堂門口，望着裏面祭壇上點着的蠟燭和唱着聖詩的會衆。自從我在學校的時候起，一直到現在，都覺得基督教有一種力量。這種力量好像太陽光，不管我怎樣閉起眼睛，它總能射進我的靈魂中去。但是媽媽，我決不使你在地下感到痛苦！我決不違背爸爸對你所作的諾言！我決不讀基督徒的《聖經》。我有我祖先的上帝作爲倚靠！”
許多年又過去了。
主人死去了，女主人的境遇非常不好。她不得不解僱女傭人，但是薩拉卻不離開。她成了困難中的一個助手，她維持這整個的家庭。她一直工作到深夜，用她雙手的勞作來賺取麪包。沒有任何親起來照顧這個家庭，女主人的身體變得一天比一天壞——她在病牀上已經躺了好幾個月了。溫柔和誠懇的薩拉照料家事，看護病人，操勞着。她成了這個貧寒的家裏的一個福星。“《聖經》就在那兒！”病人說。“夜很長，請念幾段給我聽聽吧。我非常想聽聽上帝的話。”
於是薩拉低下頭。她打開《聖經》，用雙手捧着，開始對病人念。她的眼淚涌出來了，但是眼睛卻變得非常明亮，而她的靈魂變得更明亮。“媽媽，你的孩子不會接受基督教的洗禮，不會參加基督徒的集會。這是你的囑咐，我決不會違抗你的意志。我們在這個世界上是一條心，但是在這個世界以外- -在上帝面前更是一條心。”他指引我們走出死神的境界“——”當他使土地變得乾燥以後，他就降到地上來，使它變得豐饒！“我現在懂得了，我自己也不知道我是怎樣懂得的！這是通過他——通過基督我才認識到了真理！”
她一念出這個神聖的名字的時候，就顫抖一下。一股洗禮的火透過了她的全身，她的身體支持不住，倒了下來，比她所看護的那個病人還要衰弱。“可憐的薩拉！”大家說，“她日夜看護和勞動已經把身體累壞了。”
人們把她擡到慈善醫院去。她在那裏死了。於是人們就把她埋葬了，但是沒有埋葬在基督徒的墓地裏，因爲那裏面沒有猶太人的地位。不，她的墳墓是掘在墓地的牆外。
但是上帝的太陽照在基督徒的墓地上，也照在牆外猶太女子的墳上。基督教徒墓地裏的讚美歌聲，也在她的墳墓上空盤旋。同樣，這樣的話語也飄到了她的墓上：“救主基督復活了；他對他的門徒說：”約翰用水來使你受洗禮，我用聖靈來使你受洗禮！“”
（1856年）
這篇故事於1856年發表在《丹麥大衆曆書》上。它來源於匈牙利的一個古老的民間傳說，但安徒生給它賦予了新的主題思想。猶太教和基督教是彼此排斥、勢不兩立的，但在安徒生的心中最大的宗教是“愛”。一切教派在它面前都會黯然失色——當然他的“愛”是通過基督來體現的。這也是安徒生的“上帝”觀，事實上是他的“和平主義”和“人類一家”的思想的具體說明。
