悲劇的誕生The Birth Of Tragedy 第5期:兩神對抗

Yet there is another point about which we do not have to conjecture at all: I mean the profound gap separating the Dionysian Greeks from the Dionysian barbarians.

反之，我們不必憑猜測就可以肯定：醉境中的古希臘人和醉境中的野蠻人之間，當然隔着一道不可逾越的鴻溝。

Throughout the range of ancient civilization (leaving the newer civilizations out of account for the moment) we find evidence of Dionysian celebrations which stand to the Greek type in much the same relation as the bearded satyr, whose name and attributes are derived from the goat, stands to the god Dionysus.

在古代世界所有地方，姑且不談現代世界，從羅馬到巴比倫，我們可以指出到處都有酒神祭式的節會，不過這些類型的節會之於希臘類型的節會，至多是像跳羊怪舞的長鬍子薩提兒（這個名稱和特徵取自山羊）之於酒神而已。

The central concern of such celebrations was, almost universally, a complete sexual promiscuity overriding every form of established tribal law; all the savage urges of the mind were unleashed on those occasions until they reached that paroxysm of lust and cruelty which has always struck me as the "witches' cauldron" par excellence.

所有這些節會的核心，幾乎盡是性慾的過分放縱，它的狂潮淹沒了一切家庭生活及其可敬的傳統；最粗野的獸性驀然解放，直至釀成情慾與殘暴的猥瑣的混合；我往往覺得，這堪稱爲真正的“妖女的淫藥”。

It would appear that the Greeks were for a while quite immune from these feverish excesses which must have reached them by every known land or sea route.

然而，有時候，古希臘人對於那些從海陸各方傳入希臘的節會的狂熱激情，似乎完全有了杜漸防微的對策。

What kept Greece safe was the proud, imposing image of Apollo, who in holding up the head of the Gorgon to those brutal and grotesque Dionysian forces subdued them.

只要在這場合夢神阿波羅的威嚴赫赫的形象升起來，他拿出美杜莎的頭顱便可以懾服任何一種比頑蠻怪誕的酒神節會更爲危險的力量。

Doric art has immortalized Apollo's majestic rejection of all license.

夢神這種威嚴迫人的風度，就體現在多里斯的藝術上，而永垂不朽。

But resistance became difficult, even impossible, as soon as similar urges began to break forth from the deep substratum of Hellenism itself.

然而，一旦酒神的衝動終於從古希臘人的性靈深處發泄出來，拓開一條去路，兩者的對抗就更加困難，甚或是不可能。

Soon the function of the Delphic god developed into something quite different and much more limited: all he could hope to accomplish now was to wrest the destructive weapon, by a timely gesture of pacification, from his opponent's hand.

那時候，狄爾斐之神阿波羅的威力減縮了，只好及時地同強敵和解，從他手上奪去那毀滅性的武器。

That act of pacification represents the most important event in the history of Greek ritual; every department of life now shows symptoms of a revolutionary change.

這次和解是希臘宗教崇拜史上最重要的關鍵；我們無論在何處察看，都可以見到這件大事所引起的變革。

The two great antagonists have been reconciled. Each feels obliged henceforth to keep to his bounds, each will honor the other by the bestowal of periodic gifts, while the cleavage remains fundamentally the same.

兩個夙敵已經和解，劃清了今後各人應守的界線，有時候還互相饋贈致敬的禮物，但是其間的鴻溝畢竟沒有架上橋樑。

And yet, if we examine what happened to the Dionysian powers under the pressure of that treaty we notice a great difference: in the place of the Babylonian Sacaea, with their throwback of men to the condition of apes and tigers, we now see entirely new rites celebrated: rites of universal redemption, of glorious transfiguration.

然而，假如我們見到，在這和平條約壓力下，酒神的魔力以什麼樣子出現，那麼，我們試拿希臘酒神祭祕儀的狂歡縱飲，同巴比倫薩刻亞節那使人退化爲虎猿的陋習比較一下，就可以在酒神祭中領悟到基督教的救世節和變容祭的意義了。