地球上最爲彪悍的十大陸地動物(上)

The planet Earth is filled with millions of species. Although the exact amount is not known, estimates put the number at 6.5 million different species on land and 2.2 million species found in the oceans. Many of these species are known to exhibit astonishing feats of strength that are hard to use as humans to even fathom. When coming up with the ten strongest animals on land, we have focused on each animal's strength compared to its size and weight. As you'll find, some of the strongest land animals are mighty in size while others may appear insignificant at first glance. Yet if we dig a little deeper we find that a variety of species are capable of carrying and pulling incredible weights. You'll find that their strength puts gym rats and body builders to shame.

我們居住的地球上生活着數百萬種生物，儘管其確切的數據並不爲人所知，但粗略估計，陸地上的物種可能有650萬之多，海洋裏的物種也是達到了220萬之多。這其中的許多物種們甚至表現出了超乎常人預估的驚人體能。我們所要說的十大強悍陸地動物，側重於不同動物相較於自身的體積和重量之下所爆發出來的驚人力量。你會發現，某些強悍的動物從體積上看就十分威猛，而另一些則乍一看貌似並無縛雞之力，可隨着我們更深入的瞭解，就會發現，那些看起來綿軟的生物完全可以揹負令人難以置信的重量。它們所爆發出來的力量，甚至令那些健身人士和職業選手都爲之汗顏。

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10.鷹

There are over 70 species of eagles found on Earth, and these large birds of prey are all powerfully built. The strength of eagles has been admired by many nations throughout history, as evidenced by its use in many national symbols. The eagle is featured on the coat of arms of many different countries, and, of course, the bald eagle is a proud symbol of the United States. The bald eagle, which is native to North America, was adopted as the United States National emblem is 1782, chosen because of its majestic beauty, long life and immense strength.

地球上有70多種鷹，這些大型鳥類猛禽都十分的健壯。歷史上，許多國家都十分認可鷹的力量，這也就是爲什麼那麼多的國家都把鷹作爲圖騰的原因。鷹成爲了很多國家國徽上的特色之一，當然，禿鷹就是美國引以爲傲的象徵。1782年，原產於北美洲的禿鷹憑藉其莊嚴之美，長壽之身和強大力量出現在了美國國徽上。

Most eagles are larger than other raptors. They have heavy heads with large, hooked beaks that are well-suited for tearing flesh from their prey. Their massive talons are sharp enough to kill prey as large as deer and es' eyes are also extremely powerful, allowing them to spot their prey from incredibly long distances, even when they are well-camouflaged. Studies suggest that some eagles can spot an animal the size of a rabbit from up to two miles away! Due to their immense power, eagles are ranked at the top of their food chain. The bald eagle has been recorded as flying while carrying the heaviest load verified to be carried by any flying bird. Astonishingly, this particular bird carried a mule deer fawn who weighed 15 pounds. Imagine seeing that duo flying through the air! Eagles strike an impressive backdrop against the sky. They can have a length of over 3 feet, a median wingspan of over 7 feet, and a body mass up to 15 pounds. When defending their territories from other eagles or trying to attract a mate, the birds will display amazing aerial acrobatics and death-defying swoops, locking talons and free-falling in an intense spiral.

大部分的鷹都比其他猛禽龐大。巨大的鷹頭上長着可以輕而易舉撕裂獵物軀體的巨型鉤狀喙，結實的鷹爪鋒利到能獵殺像鹿、猴那麼大的獵物。鷹眼同樣也是銳利無比，不論那些獵物僞裝得多麼隱蔽，它們都能在異常遠的距離開外發現獵物。研究表明，有些鷹類甚至可以察覺到兩英里外如兔子般大小的生物！憑藉着它們強大的力量，鷹排在其食物鏈的最頂端。同任何其他的鳥類相比，禿鷹已被證實是可最重負荷飛行的飛禽。令人吃驚的是，鷹這種獨特的禽類能攜帶重達15磅的黑尾鹿。你能想象嗎？一隻鷹竟然帶着一匹鹿在空中翱翔！鷹擊長空是一幅令人印象深刻的畫面。他們的身軀超過3英尺長，中間的翼幅超過7英尺，身體更是重達15磅。當同其他鷹爭奪領地或想要試圖吸引配偶注意的時候，鷹會表演驚豔四座的空中雜技，忽而在對抗中進行致命的俯衝，忽而在激烈的盤旋時急速下降。

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9.水蟒

Anacondas are members of the boa family. The green anaconda from South Africa is the largest snake on earth, pound for pound. Anacondas can grow to 550 pounds and over 29 feet. They are a truly frightening sight to see. They typically spend their time in swamps and marshes. Since their nasal openings are located on the top of their head, they are able to hide from prey while staying almost completely submerged underwater. Because of their immense weight, they can move quicker in water than they can on land.

水蟒是蟒蛇家族中的一員，而來自南非的碧色水蟒則是地球上最大的蛇。水蟒可以達到550磅重，29英尺多長，由此可見，看見它們簡直令人毛骨悚然。它們通常待在沼澤溼地裏。由於它們的鼻孔長在頭頂，所以他們幾乎可以完全沉入水中，隱藏起來伺機而動。由於自身十分笨重，因而同其在陸地上行動相比，它們在水中顯得更爲敏捷。

Anacondas feed on a diet of birds, turtles, wild pigs, deer, jaguars, and capybaras, the world's largest rodent. They catch their prey by biting with their extremely sharp teeth. An anacondas teeth are rear-facing, acting as a trap to prevent prey from wriggling away. Anacondas do not contain venom like some other snakes do. Instead, they kill their prey by coiling their bodies around them and squeezing until they suffocate. Every time the caught animal exhales, the anaconda is able to squeeze tighter. Their incredible jaws have stretchy ligaments that allow them to swallow their prey completely whole, regardless of its size. Even the digestive enzymes and gastric juices in an anaconda are powerful. After an animal is eaten whole, the anaconda's stomach and small intestine will begin the digestion process and absorb the nutrients. This process can take anywhere from a few days to a few weeks. After the largest meals, anacondas can survive for months without food. To witness the amazing feat of an anaconda devouring its prey, you can check out this National Geographic videoof a green anaconda attacking a capybara. Be warned that viewer discretion is highly advised.

水蟒的食物包括禽類、龜類、野豬、鹿類、美洲虎及水豚，是世界上最大的齧齒類動物。它們通過極其鋒利的牙齒撕咬獵物來捕食。水蟒常把利牙隱藏在後面，設下陷阱防止獵物逃走。可水蟒並不像其他蛇類那樣通過釋放毒液捕殺獵物，取而代之的捕殺方式是，它們捲曲自己的身體纏繞住獵物，被抓獲的獵物每吐一次氣，水蟒就可以纏得更緊一點，就這樣不斷纏繞緊勒直至獵物窒息而亡。水蟒的頷有着驚人的彈性韌帶，不論獵物大小，它都能夠整個吞下。水蟒的消化酶和胃液也非常強大。在吞下整個動物後，水蟒的腸胃便開始消化並吸收營養。這個過程可能進行幾天至幾周。一頓飽餐後，水蟒可不進食生存數月。目睹了水蟒生吞獵物的強大能力之後，你就會相信《寰球地理》播出的碧色水蟒攻擊水豚確有其事了吧。警告電視觀衆面對水蟒需謹慎是最有用的忠告。

zly Bear

8.灰棕熊

Grizzly bears are the largest species of bear and are native to North America. The average length of a grizzly is 6.5 feet and the average shoulder height is over 3 feet. Adult males weigh 400-790 pounds on average, although some have been recorded with staggering weights up to 1,500 pounds. Grizzly bears have powerful front claws that measure 2-4 inches in length and can tear with ease. Despite their large size, they are capable of running up to 35 miles per hour. In 2013, the second largest grizzly ever documented was taken down by a hunter. It had a massive skull which measured over 27 inches.

灰棕熊最早發現於北美洲，是世界上最大的熊。灰棕熊平均高達6.5英尺，寬超過3英尺。成年雄性灰棕熊平均體重可達400—790磅重，更是曾有灰棕熊體重達1500磅。灰棕熊的前爪有2—4英寸長且力大無窮，不費吹灰之力便可以撕碎任何東西。儘管它們體型龐大，但是它們奔跑的時速可是可以達到每小時35英里呢！2013年，史上第二大灰棕熊被獵人拿下。後期測量，灰棕熊頭蓋骨的大小超過了27英寸。

Grizzly bears can hibernate for 5-7 months each year, during which time they do not eat, defecate or urinate. In preparation for hibernation, they consume an immense amount of food. They have been known to prey on moose, elk, caribou, sheep, bison, deer, fish, birds and even black bears. Grizzly bears will also approach feeding predators to steal their kill. It is common for most species to relent their kill to an approaching grizzly bear in order to avoid a confrontation that they likely couldn't win. Grizzly bears can easily overpower any animal that is in its natural territory. However, it doesn't often turn to a physical fight. Usually, a grizzly bear only has to display its large teeth and claws through posturing, growling, and roaring, and the other animal will back down. It often isn't necessary for a grizzly bear to actually attack. Since grizzly bears are too large to escape danger by climbing trees like black bears can, they stand their ground and fight with increased aggressiveness. While grizzly bears normally avoid interaction with humans, they will attack when surprised at close range or when protecting offspring or a food supply. When a human encounters a grizzly bear, his or her best bet is to make a lot of noise and avoid running.

灰棕熊每年有5-7個月是在冬眠，這期間它們不吃不喝也不排泄。但冬眠以前，它們會大量進食，會捕食北美麋、麋鹿、北美馴鹿、綿羊、野牛、鹿、魚、鳥、甚至是黑熊等動物。灰棕熊甚至還偷偷接近正在進食的食肉動物以獵殺它們。當有灰棕熊接近時，大多數食肉動物都會停止獵殺它們的獵物，以免和灰棕熊發生對抗，因爲這些捕食者深知自己根本不是灰棕熊的對手。灰棕熊能輕而易舉的制服任何一種出現在它領地上的動物。但是，通常灰棕熊不會真的同獵物打鬥，它們只是露出尖利的牙齒和爪子怒吼着威脅對手，那些動物就會識趣的離開。所以，灰棕熊根本不需要動什麼真刀真槍。灰棕熊體型實在是太龐大了，根本無法像黑熊那樣爬樹躲避險情，它們穩步站在那裏，隨時迎戰入侵者。然而灰棕熊通常不怎麼情願同人類之間有什麼糾葛，除非你離它們太近令他們感到害怕了或是它們想要保護熊仔以及食物的時候，灰棕熊纔會出來捍衛自己。所以當你們遇到灰棕熊時，要多弄出一些動靜來，但千萬不要跑。

7.牛

Oxen are particularly powerful animals, and humans have used their power to our advantage for centuries. It is believed that they were first put to work for humans around 4,000 BC. Oxen are commonly used to plow fields, pull carts, haul wagons, trample grain for threshing and power machines. Their brute strength makes them ideal for a variety of tasks. Oxen typically work side by side, being attached with a specially-fitted yoke. When two oxen of similar size and speed are yoked together, their strength is increased significantly. They can pull extremely heavy loads in a slow and steady manner. Many farmers today are returning to animal labor over machines to help with farming. Not only do oxen not need fossil fuels or electricity to operate, but they have other benefits to farms too. Their hooves aerate the soil as they walk, which helps to preserve the soil's microbial layers, and their droppings help to fertilize the soil.

牛是極具力量的動物，人類利用它們爲我們工作已有數世紀了。據悉，人類第一次用牛爲我們工作大約是在公元前4000年。通常，牛被我們用於犁地、拉車、拉貨、打穀等事務中。它們的蠻力使其適合完成各種任務。通常情況下，我們都會讓兩頭牛一邊一個的並軀工作，並給它們加上特製的枷鎖。當兩頭體積和速度都差不多的牛被拴在一起工作時，它們的力量簡直不容小覷。它們緩慢而強有力地拉着極爲沉重的物體。現如今，還是有許多農民又重新使用牛來幫助他們從事務農作業。牛不僅不需要燃料或電力來操作，它們對於農場而言還有其他更多的好處。它們的蹄子在走動時會給蹄下的土壤通氧，以保護土壤的微生物層，即使是它們的糞便也能作土壤的施肥劑。

The term "as strong as an ox" is quite fitting, considering an ox is powerful enough to pull one and a half times its body weight across rugged terrain. When yoked together properly and used in pairs, they can pull more than double the combined weight that two single oxen could pull. For a short burst of 6-8 feet, a team of oxen areable to pull up to 13,000 pounds! The success of a team of oxen depends on how well they are trained to work together. They are able to work long hours, and typically have a long life span.

我們俗語所說的“力大如牛”，實在是太貼切了。牛兒們力大無窮，甚至於可以拉着比其自身體重還要沉一半的重物在崎嶇之地自在行走。農民會選用一對牛爲其工作，因爲他們的拉力比單隻牛產生的拉力要大得多。經過6-8英尺的短程加速，一隊牛的拉力竟然可達13000磅！但它們能一起完美的工作也是需要經過嚴格的訓練才能達成的。牛兒們通常壽命都很長，也更是能夠勤勤懇懇耕耘一生。

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6.老虎

The tiger is the largest cat species, reaching up to 670 pounds, 4 feet in height at shoulder, and 13 feet in length. They have muscular bodies which feature powerful limbs, immense heads and long tails. They have sharp, stout teeth that can rip through flesh easily. Their curved canine teeth can have a crown height of up to 3.5 inches. Tigers are apex predators, however their numbers are in steep decline due to habitat destruction and poaching. Tigers have always been praised for their strength and unique markings. They feature prominently in ancient folklore, mythology, literature and modern films. They are often incorporate into symbols of national pride, and sporting teams often use tigers as their mascots.

老虎，最大型的貓科動物，體重達670磅，肩膀高達3英尺，身長達13英尺。老虎擁有強勁有力的四肢、碩大無比的頭部和長長的尾巴。老虎的牙齒鋒利結實，撕咬動物的皮肉簡直不在話下。虎的犬齒3.5英尺（相當於王冠的高度）。老虎是頂尖的肉食動物，然而由於棲息地的破壞和偷獵事件的發生，老虎的數量出現了急劇下降。人們常常冠以老虎強壯和領土之王的美稱。在古老的民間傳說、神話故事、文學作品和當代電影中，老虎的形象深入人心。老虎一直都是高傲的象徵，以至於一些運動隊常把老虎作爲他們的吉祥物。

Tigers are strong swimmers with an affinity for water. They can cross rivers over 4 miles across and are capable of swimming up to 18 miles in one day. They can even capture and carry prey through the water. When running on land, tigers can run in short bursts of speed that reach up to 40 miles per hour. Tigers are known to prey on such large animals as deer, wild boars, buffalo, bears, antelopes and monkeys. They have even been known to occasionally attack and kill fully grown elephants and rhinoceros. They are mainly nocturnal predators who ambush their prey by overpowering them and knocking them off balance. At that point they latch onto the throats of their prey with their teeth. After a kill, tigers will usually drag their meal to a concealed space by pulling it with their mouths. Once, a tiger was observed dragging a huge carcass of an adult guar over a distance of 39 feet. Afterwards, 13 men worked together to try and drag the same carcass. They were unsuccessful at moving it. Tigers have also been known to carry twice their own body weight ten feet up a tree.

老虎十分樂忠於游水並擅長游泳。它們一天之內可以遊18英里，還可以輕鬆渡過400英里的河流。老虎甚至可以在水中捕食並且攜帶獵物在水中拖行。在陸地上奔跑的時候，老虎的速度可以瞬間達到40英里/小時。據瞭解，老虎可以捕食許多大型動物，例如鹿，野豬，野牛，熊，羚羊和猴子等。它們偶爾也會偷襲並殺死成年的大象和犀牛。老虎通常選擇夜間捕食，它們埋伏在獵物周圍，然後猛地撲向獵物，用它們那強壯的身體壓倒獵物，使獵物失去平衡，同時用牙齒扼住獵物的咽喉，使其窒息而死。殺死獵物以後，老虎用嘴拖着獵物到隱蔽的地方躲起來。一次，有人觀察到老虎將一具巨大的動物屍體拖行了39英尺之遠。隨後，13個成年人齊心協力想要嘗試拖動這具屍體，卻沒有成功。據我們所知，老虎甚至可以拖動重達自己體重2倍的物體爬上高約10英尺的樹。

審校:省略珺 編輯:旭旭 來源:前十網