心理學家如何看待“網絡噴子”？
What is it with people’s behavior online? Why the readiness to attack, the snarky tone, the lack of courtesy inherent to so many comments?
人們在網上是怎麼回事？爲什麼時刻準備好攻擊別人？爲什麼這麼多的評論都尖酸刻薄、沒有教養？
The internet can bring out the worst in people, which when taken to extremes turns into trolling—that bizarre impulsive habit of hurting others online, without consequence.
互聯網能讓人展現出自己最惡劣的一面，其中的極端情況就是網絡暴力——這是一種不明就裏的衝動，讓人想在網上不顧後果地傷害別人。
Using an online questionnaire, the researchers at the School of Health Science and Psychology at Federation University tested 415 men and women for a range of personality traits, as well as for online behavior that indicated a propensity to troll.
聯邦大學健康科學及心理學學院的研究人員，通過一份網絡調查問卷，對415名男男女女進行了關於一系列人格特質的測試，同時也測試了一些能表明出網絡暴力傾向的行爲。
The researchers were looking for particular traits including social skills, psychopathy, sadism, and two types of empathy: affective and cognitive.
研究人員尋找的特質包括社交技巧、心理變態、虐待欲，以及兩種同理心——情感性同理心和認知性同理心。
Having high cognitive empathy simply means they can understand others’ emotions.
認知性同理心很高，意味着這些人能理解別人的感情。
Having high affective empathy means a person can experience, internalize, and respond to those emotions.
情感性同理心很高，則意味着一個人能夠體會、內化這些感情，並對它們做出反應。
The “trolls” in the study scored higher than average on two traits: psychopathy and cognitive empathy.
實驗中的“噴子們”在兩項特質上比一般人的得分高：心理變態和認知性同理心。
So even though “trolls” exhibit one kind of empathy, coupling it with psychopathy ultimately makes them nasty, the researchers suggested.
所以，研究者指出，雖然“噴子們”表現出其中一種同理心，但它和心理變態結合起來卻最終讓這些人變得很惡劣。
Psychopathy includes a lack of care for others’ feelings.
心理變態這一點包括“不在乎別人的感受。”
High levels of cognitive empathy make these people adept at recognizing what will upset someone, and knowing when they’ve pushed the right buttons.
高水平的認知性同理心，讓這些人很擅長找出哪些行爲能惹惱一個人，也讓他們能知道自己何時達到了目的。
The lack of affective empathy allows trolls not to experience or internalize the emotional experience of their victims
而低水平的情感性同理心，讓噴子們不用體會和內化受害者的感受。
