人有19種微笑，但只有6種是開心的
Our grins are not as simple as they seem. There are a myriad different ways to smile – and some of them can conceal some less than happy feelings.
我們露齒而笑並不像看上去那麼簡單。微笑有無數種不同的方式，而其中一些方式可能隱藏了一些不愉快的心情。
Of 19 different types of smile, only six occur when we’re having a good time. The rest happen when we’re in pain, embarrassed, uncomfortable, horrified or even miserable. A smile may mean contempt, anger or incredulity, that we’re lying or that we’ve lost.
在19種不同的微笑中，只有6種是在我們開心的時候露出的微笑。其餘的是在我們痛苦、尷尬、不舒服、害怕甚至是痛苦的時候露出的微笑。一個微笑可能意味着輕視、憤怒或懷疑，也可能意味着我們在說謊或我們失敗了。
While genuine, happy smiles exist as a reward for when we’ve done something helpful to our survival, the ‘non-enjoyment’ smiles are less about what you’re feeling inside and more about what you want to signal to others.
當我們做了對生存有幫助的事情時，我們會回以真誠、開心的微笑，而“不快樂”的微笑不在於你的內心感受，而更多地在於你想要向別人傳達什麼。
And here are 10 typical smiles:
下面介紹10個典型的微笑
1. Duchenne smile
杜氏微笑
The first steps to decoding this multi-purpose expression came from the 19th Century neurologist Duchenne de Boulogne. In all Duchenne went on to discover 60 facial expressions, each involving its own dedicated group of facial muscles, which he depicted in a series of photographs.
最先開始解讀多種目的的表情的是19世紀的神經學家杜興·布洛涅。杜興總共發現了60種面部表情，每一種都需要活動其專用的面部肌肉羣，而他也在一系列照片中描繪過（）。
In the most famous of these, an unlucky man has his face contorted into a broad, toothless grin. He looks idiotically happy, with his cheeks pushed up and crow’s feet around his eyes.
其中最有名的就是一名不幸的男子把他的臉扭曲成一個不露牙齒的咧嘴笑。他看上去像傻瓜一樣高興，臉頰上揚，都笑出了魚尾紋。
It’s since become known as the ‘felt’ or ‘Duchenne‘ smile and it’s associated with genuine feelings of pleasure and giddy happiness.
自那以後，這種微笑也被稱爲“感覺得到的”微笑或“杜氏”微笑，而這種微笑與真正喜悅的心情以及傻乎乎的幸福感有關。
2. Fear smile
恐懼/敬畏的微笑
Though we don’t tend to associate smiling with feeling fearful in humans, there are some hints that the fear smile may have lingered on. In babies, a broad grin can either mean they’re happy or distressed and studies have shown that men tend to smile more around those considered to be higher status.
雖然我們往往不會把微笑與人類恐懼的感覺聯繫在一起，但恐懼的微笑可能也有着某些暗示。對嬰兒而言，咧嘴笑可能意味着他們很高興或很痛苦，研究指出男士往往會對着那些被認爲是地位更高的人微笑。
3. Miserable smile
痛苦的微笑
The ‘miserable smile’ is a stoical grin-and-bear-it expression – a slight, asymmetric smile with an expression of deep sadness pasted over the top.
“痛苦的微笑”是一種剋制着情緒並坦然地齜牙咧嘴的笑，也是一種在過度哀傷後露出的略微有些不對稱的微笑。
4. The dampened smile
沮喪的微笑
The dampened smile is an attempt to control an automatic, happy one. Intriguingly, this discrepancy even stretches to the way smiles are typed: with a flat mouth and squinting eyes, as opposed to dotted eyes with a curved mouth. This ^_^ instead of this : ).
沮喪的微笑是試圖控制無意識的情緒而露出的快樂的微笑。有趣的是，這種自相矛盾甚至延伸到網絡上輸入微笑的方式：扁着嘴並眯着眼的笑，與用點表示眼睛，用弧線表示嘴巴的微笑截然不同。也就是^_^這樣的笑，而不是: )這種笑。
5. Embarrassed smile
尷尬的微笑
The ‘embarrassed smile’ is identical, though the two are easily distinguished – if not by the flushed cheeks, then the uncomfortable situation which usually precedes it.
“尷尬的微笑”（與沮喪的微笑）非常相似，雖然這兩種微笑很容易區分，如果不是通過漲紅的臉頰來判斷，那通常就是通過不舒服的局面來判斷的。
6. Qualifier smile
裝飾性的微笑
The ‘qualifier smile’ aims to take the edge off bad news, such as the receptionist’s smile who explains that the next available appointment is in a year’s time. It’s perhaps the most irritating of all the smiles, since it often traps the recipient into smiling back.
“裝飾性的微笑”旨在緩和壞消息的影響，例如前臺解釋下一個可以預約的時間在一年後時露出的微笑。這可能是所有微笑中最讓人憤怒的一種微笑了，因爲它往往誘導着所對之人也微笑地迴應。
7. Contempt smile
輕蔑的微笑
The ‘contempt smile’ indicates a mixture of disgust and resentment and is disconcertingly similar to a smile of true delight, except for the corners of the lips which appear tightened.
“輕蔑的微笑”指的是一種混雜着厭惡和憤恨的微笑，與令人倉皇失措的、真正高興的微笑相似，除了嘴角看上去緊繃繃的。
8. Angry-enjoyment smile
享受別人的憤怒時露出的微笑/惡毒的微笑
Translating roughly as ‘malicious joy’, schadenfreude is the thrill of discovering another’s misfortune. For obvious reasons, this mischievous emotion is best concealed from others.
（這種微笑）大致可解釋爲一種“懷有惡意的快樂”，幸災樂禍就是當發現他人的不幸時感到興奮的心情。顯然，這種幸災樂禍的情緒最好瞞着其他人。
This blended expression is just one of several smiles with a similar formula, such as enjoyable-contempt, enjoyable-fear and enjoyable-sadness.
這種混雜的情緒只是那些有着相似公式的幾種微笑之一，例如享受別人遭到輕視時、恐懼時或悲哀時露出的微笑。
9. Fake smile
虛假的微笑
Thanks to Duchenne, it’s widely held that you can easily spot a fake smile by simply looking to the eyes – he believed that the eye muscle only contracts when we really mean it.
因爲杜氏微笑的關係，人們普遍認爲你可以很容易地通過看着一個人的眼睛來判斷出虛假的微笑。杜興相信，只有我們真的想笑的時候，眼部肌肉纔會收縮。
Most of us have a lot of practice. Since smiles tend to accompany greetings, we’re used to politely lying about our true feelings – saying we’re fine, even when we’re not – with these expressions fixed on our faces.
我們多數人都做過大量的（微笑）練習。因爲微笑往往伴隨着問候，我們習慣於禮貌地隱藏我們真正的心情，甚至在我們不好的時候，都在臉上掛着這樣的表情說着我很好。
10. Flirtatious smile
輕浮的笑容
Psychologists have known for decades that Leonardo da Vinci’s masterpiece captures an act of flirtation. The Mona Lisa smile is often described as enigmatic, but it’s actually a classic ‘flirtatious’ expression.
幾十年來，心理學家就已經知道，萊昂納多·達芬奇的傑作抓住了調情這種行爲的精髓。蒙娜麗莎的微笑往往被描述爲神祕的微笑，但實際上，這是一種典型的“輕浮的”表情。
So the next time someone tells you to ‘smile’, remember – it’s up to you which one you choose.
所以下次有人告訴你要“微笑”的時候，要記住，選擇哪種微笑就由你自己決定了。
