簽名可以看出你是自戀狂嗎？

美國總統特朗普上臺後，人們調侃他的簽名簡直就像是一個地震記錄。同時，他籤一個名要花6-7秒，超過30劃。而他的前任，左撇子奧巴馬卻只需要2-3秒籤一個名。而最新研究發現，簽名字體大的人，可能是個自戀狂。

If you sign your name in a large flourish, you just might be a narcissist.
如果你的簽名字體比較大，那你可能是個自戀狂。

According to recent studies, signatures can be a tell-tale sign of a person’s darker traits, revealing if they are authoritative and exploitative.
根據最近的研究，簽名或是揭露人是否有權威感和特權感等腹黑個性的標誌。

In addition, researchers have found that a large signature is linked to those who enjoy being the center of attention – and for women especially, this writing style was tied to narcissism.
此外，科研人員們還發現，字體大的人喜歡成爲衆人矚目的中心。尤其是女性，使用這種大字體書寫方式的女性非常自戀。

A study analyzing the signatures of 500 chief financial officers found that signature size is linked only to the dark elements of narcissism, according to PsyBlog.
心理博客表示，一項對500名首席財務官的簽名的研究發現，簽名的大小與只與自戀特質中的陰暗面有關。

Positive traits associated with narcissism, such as self-confidence, were not found to be related.
但研究發現，與自戀相關的積極個性特徵，比如自信，與此並無關係。

Instead, they noted a relationship between signature size, authoritativeness and exploitativeness.
研究人員注意到，簽名大小與權威感和特權感有關。

And, CFOs with the largest signatures were more likely lie about the company’s earnings or relax internal controls.
簽名字體越大的首席財務官，越有可能謊報公司盈利或對公司疏於管理。

‘In an ideal setting, you would be in direct contact with executives and have them take a personality test,’ said Dr Charles Ham, one of the study’s authors.
該研究的一位作者Charles Ham博士說：“理想研究環境是直接接觸高管，並對他們進行人格測試。”

‘But that’s not usually possible. A signature comes directly from the executive.
“但這行不通。可簽名卻是直接來自高管的。”

‘We used two laboratory tests to establish the link between signature size and narcissism.’
“我們使用兩個不同的實驗室測試，來確定簽名大小和自戀之間的聯繫。”

President Trump is among many well-known figures to use a large, illegible signature.
特朗普總統經常使用一個很大又難以辨認的簽名，這樣的名人還有很多。

And in his hand-written letters, he often uses all uppercase and overtakes much of the page.
在他手寫的信件中，他的簽名經常使用大寫，佔據很大的頁面。

In a similar study, published in the Journal of Research in Personality, researchers investigated the relationship between signature size and a number of traits, including aggressive and sociable dominance, narcissism, and self-esteem.
發表在《人格研究雜誌》上的一項類似的研究中，研究人員調查了簽名的大小和個性之間的關係，包括好鬥和社會支配傾向，自戀和自尊。

The team analyzed the signatures of 340 Uruguayan university students.
研究小組分析了340名烏拉圭大學生的簽名。

This revealed ‘a significant link between signature size and sociable dominance, both for males and females, while narcissism was only in females significantly associated with signature size.’
研究顯示了簽名大小和社會支配傾向之間的顯著聯繫（不論男女），而自戀只與女性的簽名大小顯著相關。

People who score higher in sociable dominance often like to be the center of attention, the researchers explained.
研究人員解釋說，有社會支配傾向的人通常喜歡成爲關注的焦點。

‘Given the positive association of signature size and sociable dominance, larger signatures could be interpreted as a signal of the inclination to stand out and occupy a central position within a group,’ they wrote.
研究人員寫道，“考慮到簽名大小和社會支配傾向的正相關，更大的簽名可以解釋爲，簽名者傾向於在羣體中引人注目，成爲人們關注的焦點。”

And, signature size isn’t the only indication that a person might be a narcissist.
但簽名大小不是暗示一個人自戀與否的唯一標誌。

The use of extra lines or exclamation marks could be revealing as well, according to PsyBlog.
心理博客說道，使用額外的劃線或感嘆號也可以揭示自戀傾向。

‘We’ve looked for that silver lining, and we haven’t found it,’ Dr Ham said, explaining that many people consider narcissism a ‘good trait’ and often link it to Steve Jobs.
哈姆博士解釋說，很多人認爲自戀是一個“好的特質”，並且經常把它與史蒂夫•喬布斯聯繫起來。他說，“我們也在尋找這種可能，然而並沒有發現。”

‘We didn’t predict at first that signature size would be related only to the dark elements of narcissism. But that’s what we found.’
“我們一開始並沒有想到，簽名的大小隻會與自戀特質中的陰暗面有關。但這就是我們的研究發現。”