比爾蓋茨推薦年5本必讀好書

Bill Gates, philanthropist and cofounder of Microsoft, has kept up hisreading and book reviewing. Today he released an annotated list of his favorite books from 2016.
比爾蓋茨是慈善家也是微軟的合作創始人之一，一直堅持閱讀和作書評。今天他發佈了一份自己作了註解的書單，列出了2016年來他最愛的書。

1. String Theory, by David Foster Wallace
1.戴維·福斯特·華萊士《弦理論》

Gates jokes that the late writer’s collection of essays “will make you look super smart”on a train or plane, as you’ll appear to be reading about physics, even when you’re reading about es Gates:
蓋茨笑稱，這位已故作者的散文集會讓你在火車或者飛機上“看起來超級聰慧”，因爲你看上去是在讀物理，即便你其實讀的是網球。蓋茨寫道：

As much as I loved the book for its insights on the game, I loved it just as much for the writing itself. I now understand why people talk about David Foster Wallace with the same kind of awe that tennis fans use to talk about a Roger Federer or Serena Williams.
儘管我喜歡這本書裏有關這一運動的洞見，我同樣喜歡這本書本身的寫作方式。我現在理解緣何人們談起戴維·福斯特·華萊士時流露出景仰之情和網球粉絲談論起羅傑·費德勒、塞雷娜·威廉姆斯時如出一轍。

Wallace’s ability to use language is mind-blowing. He’s an artist who approaches a canvas with the exact same oil paints everyone before him has used and then applies them in breathtaking new and creative ways.
華萊士的語言駕馭能力令人腦洞大開。他是名藝術家，他在帆布上和前人用同樣的油料，然後用煥然一新又極富創意的手法展現出來，攝人心魄。

2. Shoe Dog, by Phil Knight
2. 菲爾·奈特《愛鞋者》

Phil Knight recalls how, newly out of business school, he borrowed $50 from his father to start the company that would become Nike. It’s an “honest reminder” of the messiness and mistakes required for success in business, Gates says, praising Knight for his vulnerability and frankness:
菲爾·奈特回憶道，剛從商校畢業時，他向父親借了50美元開了家“會成爲耐克”的公司。這懇切地提醒人們，生意要成功不可避免會有錯誤和混亂，蓋茨如是道，一邊讚揚奈特的脆弱與真誠：

…Knight opens up in a way few CEOs are willing to do. He’s incredibly tough on himself and his failings. He doesn’t fit the mold of the bold, dashing　entrepreneur. He’s shy, introverted, and often insecure. He’s given to nervous ticks –snapping rubber bands on his wrist and hugging himself when stressed in business negotiations.
...奈特開闢的道路很少有CEO願意去走。他出奇地堅韌，無論是對待自己還是對待失敗。他不是大膽莽撞的創業人士。他害羞、內向，常常沒有安全感。他神經容易緊張，會彈彈手腕上的橡皮筋，商業談判壓力大的時候就抱緊自己。

3. The Myth of the Strong Leader, by Archie Brown
3.艾奇·布朗《有力領導的神話》

Political scientist Archie Brown challenges the idea that those with the most dominant ways of speaking make good leaders, and puts forth an argument for cooperative figures of power. Writes Gates, “Brown could not have predicted how resonant his book would become in 2016.”He says:
說話佔主導者能成爲好領導，而政治科學家艾奇·布朗對此觀點頗有微詞，爲合作型人物提出論辯。蓋茨寫道，“布朗不曾料想到這本書在2016年要引起多大的共鳴。”他道：

Whereas most books about political leadership are chronologies, mapping the rise and fall of leaders over time, this one is more of a taxonomy. Brown takes a deep look at the traits and tendencies leaders exhibit, and the categories they fall into, as a way of understanding the egos, motivations, and behaviors responsible for so much progress, and so much suffering, in the world.
而多數有關政治領導力的書籍都是按年份編纂的，記錄歷任領導的起起落落，這本書更多是分門別類。世上進步發展與苦難良多，布朗深入觀察了領導展現出的特質、傾向、及所屬類別，視其爲理解自我、動機和行爲的方式。

Throughout, he presents a new way to think about today’s challenges –and the people we entrust with solving them.
通篇，他呈現了一種新方式來思考當今挑戰和我們委以信任解決問題的人們。

4. The Gene: An Intimate History, by Siddhartha Mukherjee
4. 悉達多·慕克吉《基因：一個親密的歷史》

New genome-editing tools are technologically incredible and ethically flummoxing. Gates turns to oncologist Siddhartha Mukherjee’s book for a guide to the context of the gene. He writes of his favorite section, “Post-Genome: The Genetics of Fate and Future”:
新基因編輯工具在技術層面不可思議，在道德層面令人困惑。蓋茨轉向腫瘤學家悉達多·慕克吉的書尋求基因背景下的嚮導。他論及自己最愛的部分“後基因：遺傳學的命運與未來”。

Within 10 years, it will be possible for clinicians to use genome editing to help people with diseases caused by a single faulty gene, such as cystic fibrosis—an unquestionably ethical use of this new technology.
十年之內，臨牀醫師有望運用基因編輯來幫助由基因缺陷而發病的患者；譬如，囊腫性纖維化則毫無疑問是這一新技術的倫理應用。

But what about making the repair in egg or sperm cells to save people from developing these diseases later in life?This form of therapy could be highly effective, but it would mean that children born from these sperm or eggs would pass along their genetically modified genomes to their own children—altering the human germ line and crossing an ethical Rubicon.
那麼何不修復卵子或鏡子細胞以拯救以後得這些病的人們呢？這一診療可能超具效用，但可能意味着因這些精子或卵子而生的孩童或將其轉基因遺傳給其子嗣，改變人類種系，引發道德倫理背水一戰。

5. The Grid: The Fraying Wires Between Americans and Our Energy Future by Gretchen Bakke
5. 格雷琴·巴克《網格：美國人的磨損電線的和我們的能源未來》

Cultural anthropologist Gretchen Bakke reimagines the US’s electrical grid for contemporary values and with new energy sources in mind. Writes Gates:
文化人類學者格雷琴·巴克重新整合了美國電網的當今價值、思考了新能源來源。蓋茨寫道：

Even if you have never given a moment’s thought to how electricity reaches your outlets, I think this book would convince you that the electrical grid is one of the greatest engineering wonders of the modern world.I think you would also come to see why modernizing the grid is so complex and so critical for building our clean-energy future.
即便你從未有過一刻來思考電是如何到達你家商鋪的，我認爲這本書能讓你相信電網是現代世界最偉大的工程奇蹟之一。我相信你也會意識到緣何電網現代化是如此複雜，而打造未來潔淨能源又是何等重要。