高考英語概要寫作怎麼寫
高考英語考試中，若是要寫的寫作題目是概要，我們如何下手？下面是本站小編給大家整理的高考英語概要寫作方法，供大家參閱!
閱讀下面短文，根據其內容寫一篇60詞左右的內容概要。
Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.
In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was though to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.
Though the belief in the merit (好處) of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?
Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist (免疫學家), encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter (後者) position is gaining some ground.
(原創範文，僅供參考)
One possible version：
People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. (要點 1 ) For a long time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. (要點 2 ) However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. (要點 3) However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system. (要點 4)
【範文點撥】
(一)要點分析
1. 文章第一段就是本篇文章的主題句，亮明瞭總的觀點：However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt. 換句話說：Different people have different attitudes towards dirt. 再結合下文談到的主題可知Different people have different attitudes towards dirt on the skin. 範文中的要點1“People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. ”概括非常精煉。
2.第二段主要談到了在16世紀，人們認爲dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease，尤以英、法兩國的貴族爲代表。結合第三段第一句Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since 18 century.可知，直到18世紀之前，人們都認爲dirt是很“友好的”，有助於預防疾病。範文中的要點2 “For a long time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill.”很好地總結了這些要點。
3. 第三段用Though引出人們對dirt觀點的轉變“…since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health.”再結合本段最後一部分Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea…可得出要點3“However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy.”
4. 文章最後一段第一句指出，現在人們對於dirt的態度還是有所不同，On the contrary引出專家的觀點，一位免疫學家認爲dirt有助於增強免疫系統。這一觀點獲得了一些支持。範文中的要點4“However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.”表達很恰切。
(二) 要點連接
文章概要，在寫完了要點之後，下一步的工作就是要把這些要點用適當的連接詞進行連接，使上下句之間具有連貫性。本篇文章整篇結構是總分的結構，要點2和要點3在觀點上截然相反，因此，之間需要表示轉折的連接詞，範文用了However恰到好處。要點3和要點4在觀點上又存在不同，因此，還是用錶轉折的連接詞However。不過小編認爲，此處用Nevertheless可以避免三句話內出現兩次However。
(三) 關鍵詞彙
第一段：fixed (確定的;不變的) 第二段：means (手段，方法), block out (擋住), open up (打開), upon (……之後;立即) 第三段：long-lived (長期存在的), sell the idea (說服某人接收某個觀點) 第四段：warn sb off (警告某人不要靠近), position (觀點), gain some ground (取得優勢)
以上這些關鍵詞對於整篇文章的理解與轉化成自己的語言都很關鍵，如果不能準確領會其用意，語篇理解的效果會大打折扣。所以，概要寫作的基礎是理解語篇，而讀懂語篇的基礎是詞彙，尤其是對關鍵詞彙的掌握與運用。在此基礎上，綜合運用語法與句法結構，按照行文邏輯組織語言，形成概要。
高考英語概要寫作步驟1.題型介紹
◆選材特點
(1)所需閱讀的短文詞數在350以內;
(2)所選材料體裁沒有限制，以說明文、議論文和記敘文爲主。
◆評分參考
閱卷時主要考慮以下內容：
(1)對原文要點的理解和呈現情況;
(2)應用語法結構和詞彙的準確性;
(3)上下文的連貫性;
(4)對各要點表達的獨立性情況。
注意：理解準確，涵蓋全部要求，完全使用自己的語言，準確使用相應的語法結構和詞彙，得分相應比較高。相反，如果概要寫作部分出現兩句以上整句抄自原文現象，得分檔次將會大大降低;所寫內容與所提供內容無關不得分。
2考查能力
概要寫作，簡言之就是對所讀過的文章簡要概括，寫出文章的中心大意，也可稱之爲摘要。寫概要時，讀者要是把文章的具體信息用一些具有概括功能的詞和句表述出來，而不是抄襲文章的原句，更不是把細節性信息作爲中心，而是要通過對文章中的單詞、詞組和句子進行合理轉換，對文章的具體信息進行概括，再用合適的語言表述出來。這一題型主要考查學生對文章主旨大意的概括和準確獲取關鍵詞的能力，同時考查學生用簡潔的語言概括文章重要信息的能力以及對文章整體結構的把握能力。因此，概要寫作是基於閱讀理解和書面表達，是二者的有機結合體，是閱讀理解和書面表達的溝通橋樑。
3寫作步驟
1)細讀原文。首先要仔細閱讀短文，掌握文章主旨和結構，明確各段的大意。
2)弄清要求。新高考的概要寫作是寫全文概要，不是寫某一部分的概要，或者就某些問題寫出要點。
3)列出原文要點。分析原文的內容和結構，將內容分項扼要表述並注意在結構上的順序。在此基礎上選出與文章主題密切相關的部分。
4)在寫作時要特別注意下面幾點：
(1)概要應包括原文中的主要事實，略去不必要的細節。
(2)安排好篇幅的比例，概要應同原文保持協調，即用較多的文字寫重要內容，用較少的文字寫次要內容。
(3)注意要點之間的銜接，要用適當的關聯詞語貫通全文，切忌只簡單地寫出一些互不相干的句子，但也不要每兩句之間都加關聯詞語，以免顯得生硬。
(4)不排斥用原文的某些詞句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的話語表達，至少對原文句子做一些同義詞替換，如果結構上也能有一些轉換會更好。
(5)計算詞數，看是否符合規定的詞數要求。
4.備考建議
概要寫作，其實我們考生並不陌生，在日常的英語教學中，教師經常讓學生就所學英語課文逐段概括段落大意或者複述課文，這在一定程度上都爲概要寫作打基礎。除此之外，作爲考生，還要注意以下幾點：
(1)積累常見的同義短語和句型轉換，掌握並運用單詞、短語和句型。“巧婦難爲無米之炊”，即使有再好的寫作技巧，如果沒有相應的基礎詞彙和句法知識，也很難寫出概要寫作的上乘之作。因此，考生要在基礎詞彙和句法知識上下功夫，以不變應萬變。
(2) 進行適度地專題練習。有計劃地進行適度練習有利於考生快速掌握概要寫作的要點，找到概要寫作的感覺，衝破對概要寫作的不適感。平時可多關注往年的高考閱讀文章，進行結構分析和主旨概括訓練。可按文體和題材，分類訓練篇章結構的佈局，增強對文章上下文連貫性的把握。概要寫作首先要掌握各種文體的寫作特點和框架。如：
記敘文：what / who / when / where / why / how
議論文：opinion / idea + argument (supporting ideas / reasons)
說明文：phenomenon / problem + reason + solution (cause and effect), introduction of an object (how it is made, how it is used, how it may change, what makes it new or significant)
新聞： a focus on the first paragraph and the first and last sentences of the other paragraphs
綜合以上分析可知，新高考更加重視考查考生高中階段英語基本技能的掌握情況，也注意考查考生進入高等學校繼續學習的潛能，目標是利用高考命題的導向功能推動新課程的課堂教學改革。
》》》》下一頁更多精彩“高考英語概要寫作技巧”說明文的概要寫作一般有三種參考模板：
(1) 描寫某事物的性質功能。即“對象+性質功能+利弊”：(in the passage ) the writer introduces… to
us,especially its….,from which we know…
(2) 針對某個問題提出解決方法或措施。即“問題+解決方法”：The passage tells us…..
So the author tells us how to ..,including……
(3) 介紹某現象及其原因、結果。即“現象+原因+結果”：The author talks about… is caused by… a
result(consequently),….
在概要寫作前，我們要通讀短文，確定其內容是屬於那種類型，然後選擇確當的模板。注意：不要關注一些次要的
細節卻遺漏重要的要點，儘量少使用原文語句，多用自己的概括性的語言;3到5個句子即可。
高考英語概要寫作訓練1. In schools and at home,most of US have been scolded(責備) or even got punished for daydreaming. The
majority of people say that by daydreaming we waste our time and energy on something unproductive. But many medical studies have shown something different. They’ve stressed the fact that daydreaming works wonders on our imagination,creativity and situation-handling techniques. In fact,many problems can be easily solved if we daydream.
The topmost benefit of daydreaming is that your mood gets the right improvement. By separating yourself from the world
around you,you tend to enjoy the loneliness in your mind and get peace from daydreaming as you think about something that calms your senses. When you start imagining things,you will forget all the stress and tension(緊張) ead,you will get happiness from it and this happiness will turn into a source of energy that helps you work in a good mood.
Many psycologists have said that people who daydream tend to have a sharper memory. It’s true. When you’re
daydreaming,you’ll tend to get carried away to imagine various situations,either real or unreal. You tend to act differently in different situations,trying to satisfy your mind by doing what you want in your dreams. When your mind gets satisfied,you’re in a better position to concentrate more on your work. Since daydreaming activates (激活) the nerves of your brain,you tend to have higher attentiveness and your ability to remember things will develop.
When you daydream,you automatically imagine yourself as your heart says and therefore,you get to know yourself better.
You also start realizing the mistakes you’ve made in life and trying your best to avoid repeating them. Such imagination techniques help you to connect yourself with your soul.
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2. The poaching，or illegal(非法) killing，of rhinos(犀牛) in South Africa is growing worse each government recently reported that a record number of rhinos were poached in 2014，a year which had more
rhino killings in South Africa than ever before.
The World Wildlife Fund，or WWF，says about 20，000 rhinos live in South is more than 80
percent of the rhinos in the Molewa，South Africa’s environmental issues minister，says，“During 2014，we are sad to say this：1，215 rhinos were is a rise in the number of poached rhinos from 1004 in 2013 and indeed very worrying.”The animals are hunted for their horns(犀牛角) people in Asia believe the horn has curing power，which drives poachers，at all costs，mad for more there is no scientific evidence for this horn is made of is the same thing as human hair， fingernails and toenails.
1ewa said 386 suspected poachers were arrested last year，an increase from the year
rhino protection workers say poachers often go unpunished after h Africa’s legal system is wa said more needs to be done and South Africa is taking strong measures to protect efforts include moving some of the animals to secret places in neighboring countries.“Now approximately 100 rhinos have been moved to neighboring states in the SADC region during 2014 and 200 more rhinos will be moved this year”Molewa said.
Jo Shaw，the rhino program manager at the WWF，said，“we’re talking about a loss of a hundred rhinos
a more than three a really need to see effective action not just at a national level but internationally.”She says officials should find the criminal groups responsible for the poaching and punish them.
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nts should think twice before rewarding their children's good behaviour with sweets, according to a leading nutritionist.
Professor Susan Jebb, of Oxford University, says family attitudes should change as part of a wider strategy on tackling obesity(肥胖) - and there should be an alternative to the 'easy option' of handing out sweets to youngsters.
Speaking to the Sunday Express, Prof Jebb said: 'Unless you instill(灌輸) good eating habits from a young age, it is likely children will grow up to become overweight it is very difficult to persuade parents who see their children, who are a healthy weight, of the risks ahead.'Unlike with smoking, where the benefits of giving up are obvious with evidence showing that every single cigarette shortens your life, the same cannot be said for every single biscuit you eat.'
She also welcomed last week's comments by David Cameron that Britain's obesity 'crisis' should be treated as seriously as smoking and that a tax on sugary drinks could be back on the agenda(議程) Prime Minister hinted at an extraordinary U-turn amid growing public support for a 20 per cent said: 'I don't really want to put new taxes on anything but we do have to recognise that we face something of an obesity crisis'.
Mr Cameron said the costs of diabetes, heart disease and cancer treatment for the overweight costs the NHS huge added: 'We do need to have a fully-worked-up programme to deal with this problem and address these issues in Britain and we will be making announcements later in the year'.
Experts have also warned that obesity - fuelled by large amounts of sugar - is escalating at such a rate that it will cause almost 700,000 additional cases of cancer within the next 20 years, experts have say that being overweight is already 'the new norm' and predict that four in ten adults will be obese by 2035.
Estimates also show that by this time obesity-related illnesses, including diabetes and heart disease, will cost the NHS more than £7.5billion a year.
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expression, “everybody’s doing it,” is very much at the center of the concept of peer pressure(同伴壓力). It is a strong influence of a group, especially of children, on members of that group to behave as everybody else does. It can be positive or negative. Most people experience it in some way during their le are social creatures by nature, and so it is hardly surprising that part of their self-respect comes from the approval of others. This instinct (天性) is why the approval of peers, or the fear of disapproval, is such a powerful force in many people’s lives. It is the same instinct that drives people to dress one way at home and another way at work, or to answer “fine” when a stranger asks “how are you?” even if it is not necessarily true. There is a practical aspect to this: it helps society to function efficiently, and encourages a general level of self-discipline that simplifies day-to-day interaction.
For certain individuals, seeking social acceptance is so important that it becomes like an addiction; in order to satisfy the desire, they may go so far as to abandon their sense of right and wrong. Teens and young adults may feel forced to use drugs, or join gangs that encourage criminal behavior. Mature adults may sometimes feel pressured to cover up illegal activity at the company where they work, or end up in debt because they are unable to hold back the desire to buy a house or car that they can’t afford in an effort to “keep up with the Joneses.”However, peer pressure is not always negative. A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to study harder and get good grades.
Players on a sports team may feel driven to play harder in order to help the team win. This type of influence can also get a friend off drugs, or to help an adult take up a good habit or drop a bad one. Study groups and class projects are examples of positive peer groups that encourage people to better themselves. Schools try to teach kids about the dangers of negative peer pressure. They teach kids to stand up and be themselves, and encourage them to politely
decline to do things that they believe are wrong. Similarly, it can be helpful to encourage children to greet the beneficial influence of positive peer groups.
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Keys:
1. Many people regard daydreaming as a waste of time and energy. However,that is not the medical Studies have found that daydreaming has a lot of benefits. First of all, daydreaming can improve your mood.
What’s more, it helps develop your memory. Last but not least,daydreaming helps you to know yourself better.
2. The poaching of rhinos is getting worse in South Africa each year, according to the government and WWF.
Many rhinos are killed for their horns ehich is believed to have curing power. Althouh more poachers are arrested, they hardly get the members of WWF are calling on more meassures which should taken by the government and the whole world to protect rhinos.,including effective legal system,rhinos living place and even international cooperation.
3. Professor Susan Jebb, of Oxford University,urges parents to seek healthier alternative to handing kid’s obesity rather than adopt easymethods. Addtionnally, David Cameron said obesity crisis was as serious as smoking. So families are required to introduce good eating habits to help avoid obesity parents are told to stop giving their children sweets as rewards for good behavior in latest bid to tackle Britain obesity crisis.
4. Peer pressure refers to strong feeling that you must do things the way other people of your age le expect te approval from others, which helps society function pressure has positive influence like bringing good grades, but it also has negative influence like lack of moral sence. To avoid the influence of negative peer pressure, kids should be encouraged to be themselves and decline to do wrong thing.
