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托福考試綜合寫作字數要求多少字

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托福考試綜合寫作字數要求多少字?相信大家都很想知道這個問題,下面小編給大家帶來相關內容,來了解一下!

ing-bottom: 56.25%;">托福考試綜合寫作字數要求多少字

托福考試綜合寫作字數要求多少字

託福綜合寫作字數要求。從不願公開設定字數下限的ETS 終於在新託福綜合寫作字數做出了規定:在綜合寫作部分的Direction中標明“通常一篇有效的寫作需要150 ~225字”。託福綜合寫作的字數不是越多越好,而是適當的最好,字數很重要。綜合部分的寫作要求已經提示考生字數應在150~225字之間,言外之意是字數多沒關係,但少於150字可能會無法清晰地傳達所有的重要信息。但不要爲了字數而增加字數,過度 嗦、大量地抄閱讀內容中的文字、在標點前面增加空格以欺騙字數統計都是不可取的。同時,要達到一定的字數,熟練的打字技能也必不可少。

虛擬語氣在託福綜合寫作中的應用

根據英語的語法,虛擬語氣的結構分成了好多種,可是在綜合寫作中,我們只需要熟悉2-3種即可,即便是英語語法知識掌握的不怎麼好的考生也可以準確使用。常用於綜合類寫作的虛擬語氣結構爲:

1. …would/shouldhave done(動詞的過去分詞)… + if…

2. …may/might havedone…(動詞的過去分詞)…+ if…

3. …could havedone…(動詞的過去分詞)…+ if…

當我們需要對講座中教授的某些觀點進行“猜測”時,我們就可以使用這幾個虛擬語氣的結構。從意思上來說,2和3都表示“很有可能”的意思,而1則有“本應該,也許將要”的意思,我們在使用的時候注意這些細微差異即可。接下來我們通過幾個例子來具體說明一下它們的用法:

As a final pointboth the reading and lecture mention that Neanderthals had developed muscles intheir stomach To argue against the reading’s assertion that these muscleshelped Neanderthals to speak, the lecturer argues that these muscles could have beenused for other purposes. Instead, she states that perhaps themuscles helped them to travel farther or climb mountains easier.

在講座中,教授對於尼安德特人腹肌的作用給出了自己的見解,閱讀中的觀點是講他們腹肌非常發達,所以可以幫助他們說話;而教授卻指出他們的這些肌肉可能是用來生存,而非幫助他們講話的,因爲當時他們生存的環境比較嚴酷,因此需要這些發達的腹部肌肉來爬山或遠足。但是聽力中教授在談到這個觀點時的語氣也是一種猜測的口吻,所以我們在寫這個段話的時候就可以使用虛擬語氣。上面劃線的這個句子裏由於主語在後面的意思中是一個“被動”的意義,所以作者在虛擬語氣後採用了被動語態。也許這樣說有些考生還是無法完全體會虛擬語氣的“強大”之處,因此我們不妨把這個地方改成常規的句子比較一下就可以看出明顯的差別:“…these muscles had been used for…”, 改了之後的過去完成時表示的是他們“肯定已經用了腹肌”,這樣一來意思完全和教授在講座中的意思不一樣了,所以表達就不夠準確。想要獲得高分的考生在這個細節上一定要特別注意。

The next pointbrought up is that deforestation by the Dutch destroyed the dodos’ naturalhabitats. However, the professor first claims that deforestation did not coverthe entire island nor did it kill many other bird species. He next declaresthat dodos did not nest in trees, so their disappearance should not have botheredthe dodo.

Finally, incontrast to the reading’s argument that a disease brought by the Dutch mayhave killed the dodos, the professor says the dodo population mayalready have been declining before the Dutch arrived.

這篇文章討論的是渡渡鳥是否是由於人類的活動而滅亡的。其中閱讀提到了荷蘭人將島上的森林全部砍伐,從而使得渡渡鳥的棲息地遭到破壞;而教授則指出荷蘭人只是砍掉了部分森林用做耕地,島上大部分森林還是保存完好的。此外,由於渡渡鳥不會飛,因此它們將自己的巢穴建在地上,而非樹上,所以即使森林全部消失了,對於它們的影響也是有限的。在第一段中,作者在描述了上述原因後,用虛擬語態來表示“與事實不符”的假定,即“森林的砍伐應該不會對渡渡鳥產生影響”或者“森林的砍伐本不應該對渡渡鳥產生任何影響”,這樣的描述在語言上顯然非常精確。同樣,假如我們用一般過去時來寫這句話,那我們所表達的含義是“肯定”的,這樣可能會與講座的意思不完全符合。最後再來看第2段,由於講座裏教授也給出了荷蘭人到達島之前渡渡鳥的數量有可能已經開始下降的這一猜測,所以作者仍舊使用虛擬語氣來表達這一論斷,通過對比語氣我們不難發現這個句子更準確。

The reading saysthat Marco Polo’s name was never recorded by any contemporary Chinese; however,the professor counters by arguing that he might have used a differentname or was not considered very important by the Chinese and was thereforeomitted from their book.

這篇文章討論的是馬可波羅是否到過中國。其中閱讀提到了他的名字沒有出現在任何中國歷史文獻中;而講授則認爲馬可波羅當時可能使用了不同的名字或者是因爲他在中國歷史上根本不算是一個值得一提的人物,所以他的名字才未出現在史料中。我們看到這個段落中作者在寫教授觀點時使用了連續的並列句,而第一處虛擬語態的使用表達的是教授猜測的語氣,但後面的一層意思由於教授在講話時的語氣比較肯定,所以又切換成了過去時。可見作者在寫這個段落時已經將英語的時態運用到了很熟練的境界。同時,我們學習了這種表達方式後也可以使得我們的綜合寫作能力得到進一步的加強。

託福寫作中的7個常見錯誤

1.不一致(Disagreements)

所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致,它還包括了數的不一致時態不一致及代詞不一致等。

例1. When one have money ,he can do what he want to 。

(人一旦有了錢,他就能想幹什麼就幹什麼。)

剖析:one是單數第三人稱,因而本句的have應改爲has ;同理,want應改爲wants。本句是典型的主謂不一致。

改爲:Once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do)

修飾語錯位(Misplaced Modifiers)英語與漢語不同,同一個修飾語置於句子不同的位置,句子的含義可能引起變化。對於這一點中國學生往往沒有引起足夠的重視,因而造成了不必要的誤解。例1. I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus。

剖析:better位置不當,應置於句末。

2.句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)

在口語中,交際雙方可藉助手勢語氣上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解。可是用在託福寫作中的書面語就不同了,句子結構不完整會令意思表達不清,這種情況常常發生在主句寫完以後,筆者又想加些補充說明時發生。

例1. There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on 。

剖析:本句後半部分“for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on 。”不是一個完整的句子,僅爲一些不連貫的詞語,不能獨立成句。

改爲:There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and newspaper。

3.懸垂修飾語(Dangling Modifiers)

所謂懸垂修飾語是指句首的短語與後面句子的邏輯關係混亂不清。例如:At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 這句中“at the age of ten”只點出十歲時,但沒有說明“ 誰”十歲時。按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我們把這個懸垂修飾語改明確一點,全句就不那麼費解了。

改爲:When I was ten, my grandfather died。

例1. To do well in college, good grades are essential。

剖析:句中不定式短語 “to do well in college” 的邏輯主語不清楚。

改爲:To do well in college, a student needs good grades。

4.詞性誤用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)

“詞性誤用”常表現爲:介詞當動詞用;形容詞當副詞用;名詞當動詞用等。

例1. None can negative the importance of money。

剖析:negative 系形容詞,誤作動詞。

改爲:None can deny the importance of money。

5.措詞毛病(Troubles in Diction)

Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何適當地選用詞語的問題,囿於教學時間緊迫,教師平時在這方面花的時間往往極其有限,影響了學生在寫作中沒有養成良好的推敲,斟酌的習慣。他們往往隨心所欲,拿來就用。所以託福寫作中用詞不當的錯誤比比皆是。

例1. The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution。

(農業方面化學物質使用的不斷增加也造成了污染。)

剖析:顯然,考生把obstacles“障礙”,“障礙物”誤作substance“物質”了。另外“the increasing use (不斷增加的使用)” 應改爲“abusive use (濫用)”。

改爲:The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution。

6.累贅(Redundancy)

言以簡潔爲貴。寫句子沒有一個多餘的詞;寫段落沒有一個無必要的句子。能用單詞的不用詞組;能用詞組的不用從句或句子。如:

In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him。

本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同謂語從句,我們按照上述“能用詞組的不用從句”

可以改爲:In spite of his laziness, I like him。

例1. For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need。

剖析:整個句子可以大大簡化。

改爲:Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need。

7.綜合性語言錯誤(Comprehensive Misusage)

所謂“綜合性語言錯誤”,是指除了上述十種錯誤以外,還有諸如時態,語態,標點符號,大小寫等方面的錯誤。

例y, Money to everybody is very importance, our‘s eat, cloth, live, go etc。

以上內容就是託福寫作中經常出現的錯誤,考生們要記牢這些,儘量避免這些問題的發生。

託福寫作範文之搬家是否會失去朋友

Many people have had the experience of moving from one place to another. Some feels it a bad thing because they will lose their old friends in the place they move from. In my view, however, it is anything but a bad thing. Not only will we keep in touch with our old friends, but we will make new friends as well.

With the modern communicating technology, distance is never a barrier that keeps people from contacting others. Even if people to a new town or a new country, telephone, email and instant message will allow them to keep in constant touch with their old friends without any inconvenience. Take myself for example. When I entered college, I had to leave my hometown for Beijing, thus I was separated from my friends in my hometown. But I called them every weekend and we often chat online when we are both free. So distance did not make me lose touch with them at all.

Furthermore, it could even be a good thing to move away for people and their old friends. Instead of becoming estranged from each other, they will miss each other and thus become even more intimate. Not having conflicts over trifles, people will appreciate the merits of their friends more. There is a saying that ‘distance makes the heart grows fonder’, which means that when people are separated by distance, they may like each other more. So distance is never a obstacle between friends.

Moving to a new place allows people to make new friends, and that does not necessarily mean that people cannot maintain their old friendship. On the contrary, people can still stay in touch with their old friends, because one can never have too many friends. When it comes to my case, my old friends even came to be familiar with my new friends and they became friends before long.

In conclusion, moving to a new town or a new country will not make people lose their old friends. Friendship is one of the most precious things that we have and deserves to be cherished by us all our life.