託福閱讀的權威備考資料
託福備考需要一些實用的材料幫助我們學習，下面小編就給大家分享一下託福閱讀的權威備考資料，希望對大家有所幫助!
託福閱讀的權威備考資料
託福閱讀備考中推薦使用的主要材料有：託福官方指南(OG)，TPO1-31，老託福閱讀100篇。
首先說OG，這本書對於初學者來說是比較重要的。拿到手時，先看一下36頁到60頁的內容，涉及十大題型的介紹，每個題型下面都有相應例題。在所有題型介紹完之後，有六篇和考試相仿的文章，可以挑出其中一篇或三篇用於自測。書中所附的答案都有詳盡的解釋。在上任何輔導班之前，都有必要自己先了解一下，這一方面在於摸清自己的水平，一方面也能提高之後首次課的聽課效率。
其次是需要重點利用的材料，TPO1-31。TPO(TOEFL Practice Online)本來是在線測試的題目，現在在網絡上都能找到模考軟件版和word文檔版，也可以直接找同學老師拷貝。不定期會有更新，現在一共出到了31套，也就是有93篇文章，相較於OG上面的文章來說。TPO 的難度是有所提升的 (最新版OG的3套練習均來自TPO)。TPO是托福考試的出題者製作的，是最接近考試難度的備考材料。任何主流的輔導班，基本都是以此爲重點加以講解分析。因此，TPO在質和量上都能滿足任何學霸。
經常有學生問是不是越到後面的文章越難，但其實難度分佈沒有這一規律。如TPO1-2、8-3、9-2、13-2、16-2、19-1、19-3就比後面很多文章難得很多。使用方法是：
1、利用word版，從TPO1到10，可以按照OG中十大題型(除了內容小結題和圖表題)的分類進行專門的題型練習，結合OG總結出一套自己的做題方法。
2、利用word版，從TPO10到15，進行整篇文章的整合訓練，看前面所有的題型結合起來，在整篇文章中是如何能起到相互彌補的作用。這時的練習不需要計時。關鍵在於吃透題目、段落之間的關係。總結出內容小結題和圖表題的做題方法，同時回顧之前篇章的這兩個題目。
3、利用word版，從TPO16到20，整篇文章的計時練習。時間可以由慢到快(25分鐘到23分鐘再到20分鐘)。分析錯題原因的同時分析哪些題目上需要提速。
4、利用模考軟件版，從TPO21到31，可以根據自己在步驟3中的情況，選擇繼續堅持整篇練習或者開始整套(1小時)練習。
上述過程中所有做過的題目，最好使用word版保存錯題，錯題分析要找到原文對應依據，寫出自己當時的思路，分析自己的錯因，以備在所有TPO做完之後再一次回顧錯題，考前複習。另外，從TPO1開始，建立一個exel表格，養成整理生詞的習慣，供反覆複習。
最後說一下老託閱讀100篇的使用。該材料可以在網絡上搜到。這個是之前老託考試的題目，詞語和句子的難度上不亞於新託福，但是題目難度上不高。每篇文章是新託的一半，即350字左右。對於基礎薄弱的學員不推薦使用(基礎薄弱的學員先背好四級單詞，把OG上15篇文章全部翻譯弄懂，然後就可以開始TPO了)，而對於已經把TPO做得滾瓜爛熟又比較空虛的學員，可以用老託來對自己的託福單詞查缺補漏，長句子可以練習翻譯斷句。題目因爲在難度上與新託福有差距，並不推薦花太多時間去做和研究。對於題目的研究，精力集中在TPO的錯題上是最好的。
託福閱讀真題1
Pheromones are substances that serve as chemical signals between members of the same species. They are secreted to the outside of the body and cause other individuals of the species to have specific reactions. Pheromones, which are sometimes called social hormones, affect a group of individuals somewhat like hormones do an individual animal. Pheromones are the predominant medium of communication among insects (but rarely the sole method). Some species have simple pheromone systems and produce only a few pheromones, but others produce many with various functions. Pheromone systems are the most complex in some of the so-called social insects, insects that live in organized groups.
Chemical communication differs from that by sight or sound in several ways. Transmission is relatively slow (the chemical signals are usually airborne), but the signal can be persistent, depending upon the volatility of the chemical, and is sometimes effective over a very long range. Localization of the signal is generally poorer than localization of a sound or visual stimulus and is usually effected by the animal's moving upwind in response to the stimulus. The ability to modulate a chemical signal is limited, compared with communication by visual or acoustic means, but some pheromones may convey different meanings and consequently result in different behavioral or physiological responses, depending on their concentration or when presented in combination. The modulation of chemical signals occurs via the elaboration of the number of exocrine glands that produce pheromones. Some species, such as ants, seem to be very articulate creatures, but their medium of communication is difficult for humans to study and appreciate because of our own olfactory, insensitivity and the technological difficulties in detecting and analyzing these pheromones. Pheromones play numerous roles in the activities of insects. They may act as alarm substances, play a role in individual and group recognition, serve as attractants between sexes, mediate the formation of aggregations, identify foraging trails, and be involved in caste determination. For example, pheromones involved in caste determination include the queen substance produced by queen honey bees. Aphids, which are particularly vulnerable to predators because of their gregarious habits and sedentary nature, secrete an alarm pheromone when attacked that causes nearby aphids to respond by moving away.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) How insects use pheromones to communicate
(B) How pheromones are produced by insects
(C) Why analyzing insect pheromones is difficult
(D) The different uses of pheromones among various insect species
2. The word serve in line 1 is closest in meaning to
(A) improve
(B) function
(C) begin
(D) rely
3. The purpose of the second mention of hormones in line 4 is to point out
(A) chemical signals that are common among insects
(B) specific responses of various species to chemical signals
(C) similarities between two chemical substances
(D) how insects produce different chemical substances
4. The word sole in line 6
is closest in meaning to
(A) obvious
(B) best
(C) only
(D) final
5. The passage suggests that the speed at which communication through pheromones occurs is
dependent on how quickly they
(A) lose their effectiveness
(B) evaporate in the air
(C) travel through the air
(D) are produced by the body
6. According to the passage , the meaning of a message communicated through a pheromone
may vary when the
(A) chemical structure of the pheromone is changed
(B) pheromone is excreted while other pheromones are also being excreted
(C) exocrine glands do not produce the pheromone
(D) pheromone is released near certain specific organisms
7. The word detecting in line 23 is closest in meaning to
(A) controlling
(B) storing
(C) questioning
(D) finding
8. According to paragraph 2, which of the following has made the study of pheromones difficult?
(A) Pheromones cannot be easily reproduced in chemical laboratories.
(B) Existing technology cannot fully explore the properties of pheromones.
(C) Pheromones are highly volatile.
(D) Pheromone signals are constantly changing.
9. The word They in line 24 refers to
(A) pheromones
(B) roles
(C) activities
(D) insects
10. The word sedentary in line 29 is closest in meaning to
(A) inactive
(B) inefficient
(C) unchangeable
(D) unbalanced
11. Pheromone systems are relatively complex in insects that
(A) also communicate using sight and sound
(B) live underground
(C) prey on other insects
(D) live in organized groups
PASSAGE 95 ABCCB ADBAAD
託福閱讀真題2
The Homestead Act of 1862 gave heads of families or individuals aged twenty-one or older the right to own 160 acres of public land in the western United States after five years of residence and improvement. This law was intended to provide land for small farmers and to prevent land from being bought for resale at a profit or being owned by large landholders. An early amendment to the act even prevented husbands and wives from filing separate claims. The West, land reformers had assumed, would soon contain many 160-acre family farms.
They were doomed to disappointment. Most landless Americans were too poor to become farmers even when they could obtain land without cost. The expense of moving a family to the ever-receding frontier exceeded the means of many, and the cost of tools, draft animals, a wagon, a well, fencing, and of building the simplest house, might come to $1,000 — a formidable barrier. As for the industrial workers for whom the free land was supposed to provide a safety valve, they had neither the skills nor the inclination to become farmers. Homesteaders usually came from districts not far removed from frontier conditions. And despite the intent of the law, speculators often managed to obtain large tracts. They hired people to stake out claims, falsely swear that they had fulfilled the conditions laid down in the law for obtaining legal title, and then deed the land over to their employers.
Furthermore, 160 acres were not enough for raising livestock or for the kind of commercial agriculture that was developing west of the Mississippi. The national government made a feeble attempt to make larger holdings available to homesteaders by passing the Timber Culture Act of 1873, which permitted individuals to claim an additional 160 acres if they would agree to plant a quarter of it in trees within ten years. This law proved helpful to some farmers in the largely treeless states of Kansas, Nebraska, and the Dakotas. Nevertheless, fewer than 25 percent of the 245,000 who took up land under the Act obtained final title to the property.
1. Which aspect of the Homestead Act of 1862 does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) How it transformed the western United States into a place of small farms
(B) Why it was an improvement over previous attempts at land reform
(C) Why it did not achieve its aim to provide land for small farmers
(D) How it failed in the largely treeless states of Kansas, Nebraska, and the Dakotas
2. An amendment added to the Homestead Act of 1862 specified that
(A) five years of residence was required for landownership
(B) husbands and wives could not file separate claims
(C) the price of 160 acres of land was $1,000
(D) land could not be resold for a profit
3. The word formidable in line 12 is closest in meaning to
(A) obvious
(B) predictable
(C) difficult
(D) manageable
4. It can be inferred
(A) a new kind of machinery
(B) an alternative for urban workers
(C) an area in a factory
(D) a procedure designed to protect workers
5. The word intent in line 15 is closest in meaning to
(A) purpose
(B) power
(C) effect
(D) invention
6. According to the passage , why did the government pass the Timber Culture Act of 1873?
(A) to make larger tracts of land available to small farmers
(B) to settle Kansas, Nebraska, and the Dakotas
(C) to encourage land speculation west of the Mississippi
(D) to increase the variety of trees growing in the western states
7. The word they in line 23 refers to
(A) larger holdings
(B) individuals
(C) 160 acres
(D) trees
8. According to the passage , how many of the farmers who settled land under the Timber
Culture Act of 1873 received final title to the property?
(A) fewer than 25%
(B) more than 160
(C) 10% per year
(D) 245,000
9. The passage mentions all of the following as reasons the Homestead Act of 1862 did not
achieve its aims EXCEPT:
(A) Most landless Americans could not afford the necessary tools and provisions.
(B) Industrial workers lacked the necessary farming skills.
(C) The farms were too large for single families to operate successfully.
(D) Homesteaders usually came from areas relatively close to the frontier.
10. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about the Timber Culture Act of
1873?
(A) It especially helped farmers with large holdings of land.
(B) It was most important to farmers living in states that had plenty of trees.
(C) The majority of farmers did not benefit significantly from it.
(D) The majority of farmers did not need the extra 160 acres it provided.
PASSAGE 96 CBCDA ABACC
that the safety valve in line 13 refers to
