劍橋雅思真題英語聽力
各種各樣的劍橋雅思真題英語聽力材料，大家可以用用看下面是本站小編給大家整理的劍橋雅思真題英語聽力的相關知識，供大家參閱!
Good morning. Stretton Festival box office. How can I help you?
上午好，這裏是 Stretton慶典售票處，有什麼能幫您?
Oh, hello. My family and I are on holiday in the area, and we've seen some posters about thefestival this week.
哦，你好，我和家人正在這個地區度假，我們看見一些海報上在宣傳這個周的慶典。
Could you tell me about some of the events, please?
能請你給我介紹一些慶典上的活動嗎?
Of course.
當然啦。
First of all, are there still tickets available for the jazz band on Saturday?
首先，週六要舉行的爵士樂隊表演還有票嗎?
There are, but only ￡15. The ￡12 seats have all been sold.
有，不過只剩15英鎊的票了，12英鎊的所有座位都已經賣光了。
OK. And the venue is the school, isn't it?
好的，舉行地點是在學校，對吧?
Yes, that's right, the secondary school.
是的，沒錯，在中學。
Make sure you don't go to the primary school by mistake!
千萬別走錯路去了小學。
And there's an additional performer who isn't mentioned on the posters — Carolyn Hart isgoing to play with the band.
還有一位海報上沒有提到的演出人員——Carolyn Hart ，她也將和樂隊一起表演。
Oh, I think I've heard her on the radio.
哦，我記得在廣播上聽說過她。
Doesn't she play the oboe, or flute or something?
她演奏的是不是雙簧管，還是長笛什麼的?
Yes the flute. She usually plays with symphony orchestras, and apparently this is her first timewith a jazz band.
是的，長笛。她經常和交響樂團一起演奏，這似乎是她第一次和一個爵士樂隊一起表演。
Well, I'd certainly like to hear her.
哇，那我肯定要去聽聽她的演奏。
Then the next thing I want to ask about is the duck races
然後我想問的另一件事是那個鴨子比賽，
I saw a poster beside a river. What are they, exactly?
我在河邊看見的海報，那究竟是什麼比賽?
Well, you buy a yellow plastic duck — or as many as you like — they're a pound each.
首先你要買一隻塑料的小黃鴨，或者你想買多少就買多少，每隻一英鎊。
And you write your name on each one.
然後在每隻鴨子上寫下你的名字。
There'll be several races, depending on the number of ducks taking part.
根據參加的鴨子數量，會分成好幾場比賽。
And John Stevens, a champion swimmer who lives locally, is going to start the races.
住在本地的游泳冠軍John Stevens會宣佈比賽開始。
AII the ducks will be launched into the river at the back of the cinema,
接着你們要把所有的鴨子都放進電影院後面的那條河裏，
then they'll float along the river for 500 metres, as far as the railway bridge.
它們會順着河水漂流500米，最後到達終點鐵路大橋。
And are there any prizes?
贏了有什麼獎勵嗎?
Yes, the first duck in each race to arrive at the finishing line wins its owner free tickets for theconcert on the last night of the festival.
有的，每場比賽中第一隻到達終點的鴨子都能給它的主人贏得在慶典最後一晚舉行的演唱會的門票。
You said you can buy a duck? I'm sure my children will both want one.
你說可以買到這種鴨子?我相信我的孩子們都會想要的。
They're on sale at a stall in the market.
市場上的一個貨攤上正在削價出售這種鴨子。
You can't miss it — it's got an enormous sign showing a couple of ducks.
很好找的，那個攤子有一個巨大的畫着幾隻鴨子的標誌。
OK. I'll go there this afternoon.
好的，我今天下午就去買。
I remember walking past there yesterday.
我記得昨天就路過了那裏。
Now could you tell me something about the flower show, please?
你能跟我講講花卉展覽的情況嗎?
Well, admission is free, and the show is being held in Bythwaite Hall.
好的，進場是免費的，展覽在Bythwaite Hall舉行。
Sorry, how do you spell that?
不好意思，你能拼讀一下嗎?
waite.
B-Y-T-H-W-A-I-T-E，Bythwaite。
Is it easy to find? I'm not very familiar with the town yet.
地方難不難找?我對這座小鎮還不是很熟悉。
Oh, you won't have any problem. It's right in the centre of Stretton.
沒問題的，就在Stretton的中心。
It's the only old building in the town, so it's easy to recognise.
那是鎮上唯一的老建築，所以很容易就能認出來。
I know it. I presume it's open all day.
我知道那個地方，我猜它是全天開放的?
Yes, but if you'd like to see the prizes being awarded for the best flowers,
對，不過如果你想觀看給最美花卉頒獎的話，
you'll need to be there at 5 o' clock.
還是要5點鐘到那。
The prizes are being given by a famous actor Kevin Shapless.
獎項會由著名演員 Kevin Shapless頒發，
He lives nearby and gets involved in a lot of community events.
他就住在附近，經常參加社區活動。
Gosh, I've seen him on TV.
天吶，我在電視上看見過他。
I'll definitely go to the prize-giving.
那我絕對得去看頒獎了。
Right.
好的。
劍橋雅思真題英語聽力篇2So what makes studies like these different from ordinary research?
那麼這樣的研究和尋常研究有什麼不同呢?
Let's look at some of the general principles behind ethnographic research in business.
我們來看看商務領域的人種學研究背後的一些普遍原理。
First of all, the researcher has to be completely open-minded
首先，研究人員必須絕對虛心，
he or she hasn't thought up a hypothesis to be tested, as is the case in other types ofresearch.
他們不能像在其他類型的研究中那樣事先想出一個假設，然後測試它的真實性。
Instead they wait for the participants in the research to inform them.
相反地，他們要等參與者自己展現出需要的信息。
As far as choosing the participants themselves is concerned, that's not really all that differentfrom ordinary research
至於對參與者的選擇，這和尋常研究並沒有多少區別，
the criteria according to which the participants are chosen may be something as simple as theage bracket they fall into,
參與者入選的標準也許只是一些很簡單的事情，
or the researchers may select them according to their income,
比如他們的年齡組或者收入，
or they might try to find a set of people who all use a particular product, for example.
再或者研究人員也許會試着找到一羣全都使用同一種特定產品的人。
But it's absolutely crucial to recruit the right people as participants.
但是徵募到正確的人選作爲參與者至關重要。
As well as the criteria I've mentioned, they have to be comfortable talking about themselves andbeing watched as they go about their activities.
除了我提到的標準之外，他們還必須對談論自己的情況和有人觀察他們做自己的事情不會感到不便。
Actually, most researchers say that people open up pretty easily, maybe because they're oftenin their own home or workplace.
事實上，大部分研究人員都說人們很容易對他們打開心扉，也許這是因爲這些通常都是在他們自己家裏或者單位進行的。
So what makes this type of research special is that it's not just a matter of sending aquestionnaire to the participants,
這種研究與衆不同之處就在於它不只是給參與者發一份調查問卷而已，
instead the research is usually based on first-hand observation of what they are doing at thetime.
而是通常根據對參與者當時做的事情進行的親身觀察來展開研究。
But that doesn't mean that the researcher never talks to the participants.
但這並不是說研究人員從不跟這些參與者交談。
However, unlike in traditional research, in this case it's the participant rather than theresearchers who decides what direction the interview will follow.
不過，和傳統的研究不同的是，在這種研究中，決定採訪走向的並不是研究人員，而是參與者。
This means that there's less likelihood of the researcher imposing his or her own ideas on theparticipant.
也就是說，研究人員把自己的想法強加到參與者身上的可能性要小一些。
But after they've said goodbye to their participants and got back to their office, theresearchers' work isn't finished.
但是在告別了參與者回到辦公室之後，研究人員的工作還沒有結束。
Most researchers estimate that 70 to 80 percent of their time is spent not on the collecting ofdata but on its analysis
據大部分研究人員估計，他們百分之七十到八十的時間都花在了分析這些數據而不是收集它們上，
looking at photos, listening to recordings and transcribing them and so on.
他們要仔細看照片、聽錄音並轉錄它們等等。
The researchers may end up with hundreds of pages of notes.
研究人員最終可能會整理出數百頁的筆記。
And to determine what's significant, they don't focus on the sensational things or theunusual things,
爲了判定出重要的信息，他們不會把注意力集中在非同一般或者不尋常的事情上，
instead they try to identify a pattern of some sort in all this data, and to discern the meaningbehind it.
而是試圖辨認出所有數據中共同存在的某種模式，然後識別其背後的意義。
This can result in some compelling insights that can in turn feed back to the whole designprocess.
這一舉動可能會帶來一些引人注目的見解，而這些見解反過來能夠反饋給整個設計流程。
劍橋雅思真題英語聽力篇3So what I'm going to talk about to you today is something called Ethnography.
今天我要跟你們講的是關於人種學的內容。
This is a type of research aimed at exploring the way human cultures work.
這是一種以探究人類文明如何起作用爲目的的研究。
It was first developed for use in anthropology, and it's also been used in sociology andcommunication studies.
它起先是爲了在人類學領域的使用而提出的，現在也被用於研究社會學和傳播學。
So what's it got to do with business, you may ask.
你們也許要問，這跟商務有什麼關係?
Well, businesses are finding that ethnography can offer them deeper insight into the possibleneeds of customers either present or future
企業逐漸發現，學習人種學能夠使他們更深層次地洞悉現有或未來客戶的潛在需求，
as well as providing valuable information about their attitudes towards existing products.
同時也使他們獲取了客戶對他們現有產品的寶貴意見。
And ethnography can also help companies to design new products or services that customersreally want.
而且人種學還能夠幫助公司設計出客戶真正想要的新產品或者服務。
Let's look at some examples of how ethnographic research works in business.
我們來看幾個例子，看看人種學方面的研究是如何在商業中起作用的。
One team of researchers did a project for a company manufacturing kitchen equipment.
一組研究人員爲一家生產廚房用具的公司做了一個項目。
They watched how cooks used measuring cups to measure out things like sugar and flour.
他們仔細觀察了廚師們是如何使用量杯測算出像糖和麪粉這類食品的用量的。
They saw that the cooks had to check and recheck the contents,
他們發現廚師們要反覆檢查量杯裏的東西，
because although the measuring cups had numbers inside them the cooks couldn't see theseeasily.
因爲雖然這些量杯內部都有刻度，但是卻無法輕易看見它們。
So a new design of cup was developed to overcome this problem, and it was a top seller.
於是他們設計了一種新的量杯來克服這個問題，而這種量杯也成爲了最暢銷的產品。
Another team of ethnographic researchers looked at how cell phones were used in Uganda, inAfrica.
另一組人種學研究人員研究了非洲烏干達的人們是如何使用手機的。
They found that people who didn't have their own phones could pay to use the phones of localentrepreneurs.
他們發現那些自己沒有手機的人，可以付錢使用當地企業家的手機。
Because these customers paid in advance for their calls, they were eager to know how muchtime they'd spent on the call so far.
由於這些顧客提前支付了打電話的費用，所以他們很想知道自己這通電話到目前爲止已經打了多長時間。
So the phone company designed phones for use globally with this added feature.
於是電話公司設計出了能夠在全球使用的，帶有這項額外性能的手機。
Ethnographic research has also been carried out in computer companies.
計算機公司同樣也進行了人種學研究。
In one company, IT systems administrators were observed for several weeks.
在某家公司裏，他們持續觀察了好幾周IT系統管理員。
It was found that a large amount of their work involved communicating with colleagues in orderto solve problems,
他們發現這些管理員的工作中很大一部分都涉及了和同事交流以解決問題，
but that they didn't have a standard way of exchanging information from spreadsheets and soon.
但是他們沒有一個通過電子數據表之類的平臺交換信息的標準方式。
So the team came up with an idea for software that would help them to do this.
於是這組研究人員提出了設計一個能夠幫助他們做到這一點的軟件的想法。
In another piece of research, a team observed and talked to nurses working in hospitals.
在另一次研究中，一組研究員觀察並約談了一些在醫院工作的護士。
This led to the recognition that the nurses needed to access the computer records of theirpatients no matter where they were.
他們發現，這些護士需要無論身在何處都能獲取他們病人的電腦記錄。
This led to the development of a portable computer tablet that allowed the nurses to checkrecords in locations throughout the hospital.
這一發現導致了一種便攜式平板電腦的問世，這個平板電腦使得護士在醫院的任何地方都能查看記錄。
Occasionally, research can be done even in environments where the researchers can't bepresent.
偶爾，在研究人員無法到達的環境裏甚至也能進行研究。
For example, in one project done for an airline,
比如一個爲航空公司進行的項目。
respondents used their smart phones to record information during airline trips in a studyaiming at tracking the emotions of passengers during a flight.
在一項目的在於追蹤乘客飛行時的情緒的研究中，被研究者用他們的智能手機記錄下了飛行過程的信息。
