託福閱讀輔導:老託福閱讀真題及答案PASSAGE1
爲了幫助大家備考託福閱讀，練習更多閱讀題目。提高閱讀水平，下面小編給大家帶來託福閱讀輔導:老託福閱讀真題及答案 PASSAGE 1，希望對大家有所幫助!
老託福閱讀原文 PASSAGE 1
By the mid-nineteenth century, the term "icebox" had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented.
Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.
But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, Moore explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.
老託福閱讀題目 PASSAGE 1
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The influence of ice on the diet
(B) The development of refrigeration
(C) The transportation of goods to market
(D) Sources of ice in the nineteenth century
2. According to the passage , when did the word "icebox" become part of the language of the United States?
(A) in 1803
(B) sometime before 1850
(C) during the civil war
(D) near the end of the nineteenth century
3. The phrase "forward-looking" in line 4 is closest in meaning to
(A) progressive
(B) popular
(C) thrifty
(D) well-established
4. The author mentions fish in line 4 because
(A) many fish dealers also sold ice
(B) fish was shipped in refrigerated freight cars
(C) fish dealers were among the early commercial users of ice
(D) fish was not part of the ordinary person's diet before the invention of the icebox
5. The word "it" in line 5 refers to
(A) fresh meat
(B) the Civil War
(C) ice
(D) a refrigerator
6. According to the passage , which of the following was an obstacle to the development of the icebox?
(A) Competition among the owners of refrigerated freight cars
(B) The lack of a network for the distribution of ice
(C) The use of insufficient insulation
(D) Inadequate understanding of physics
7. The word "rudimentary" in line 12 is closest in meaning to
(A) growing
(B) undeveloped
(C) necessary
(D) uninteresting
8. According to the information in the second paragraph, an ideal icebox would
(A) completely prevent ice from melting
(B) stop air from circulating
(C) allow ice to melt slowly
(D) use blankets to conserve ice
9. The author describes Thomas Moore as having been "on the right track" (lines 18-19) to indicate that
(A) the road to the market passed close to Moore's farm
(B) Moore was an honest merchant
(C) Moore was a prosperous farmer
(D) Moore's design was fairly successful
10. According to the passage , Moore's icebox allowed him to
(A) charge more for his butter
(B) travel to market at night
(C) manufacture butter more quickly
(D) produce ice all year round
11. The "produce" mentioned in line 25 could include
(A) iceboxes
(B) butter
(C) ice
(D) markets
老託福閱讀答案 PASSAGE 1
BBACC DBCDA B
TOEFL閱讀細節題解題口訣
一、問法多采取下列模式
1. According to the passage……，……?”
2. It is stated in paragraph X
3. It is indicated in paragraph X
4. It is mentioned in paragraph X
二、文章如何處理--請記住下列口訣
通讀原文不可取,
帶着問題看原文
四種句子仔細讀
比較句,強調句
段首段尾轉折句
重準確,輕速度
平時做題不猜題
下次連載我將把這種閱讀方法進行系統講解,本次重點講細節題
三、不用通讀全文，只要看到細節部分，不要看全文推理 常可回原文定位找到----找相近，找相似
回原文定位關健詞定位法：
a、題目本身帶有大寫或斜體
b、題目本身帶有年代或與年代有關
c、回原文定位要使用純名詞
d、出題順序多半和行文順序相同
e. 選項本身提示的共同信息,四個選項擁有相同的部分,就本題在問的部分
四、舉例說明
例如：Crescent-shaped lake Baikal,in Siberia,is only the ninth largest lake in area at 385 miles(620km)in length and 46miles (74km) in width, yet it is easily the largest body of fresh water in the world.(新月般的貝加爾湖位於西伯利亞,是第九大的湖,長385英里,寬46英里,然而它是世界上最大的淡水湖) holds one –fifth of the world’s total freshwater, which is more than the total of all the water in five Great lakes;(它擁有世界上五分之一的淡水,比五大湖全部的水還多很多); it holds so much fresh water in spite of its less-than-impressive area because it is by far the world’s deepest lake.(儘管面積不大但淡水很多因爲它是世界上迄今爲止最深的湖)The average depth of the lake is 1312 feet (400meters)below sea leave and The Olkhon Crevice, the lowest known point ,is more than 5250 feet (1600 meters)deep. (貝加爾湖平均深度是低於海平面1312英尺(400 meters),並且最低點 Olkhon大裂谷 5250英尺(1600米)深.
Lake Baikal, which today is located near the center of Asian Peninsula, is most likely the world’s oldest lake. (貝加爾湖位於亞洲次大陸中心,可能是世界上最古老的湖) began forming 25 million years ago as Asia started splitting apart in a series of great faults. (它形成於25億年前,亞洲板塊從一系列斷層分離出來(即原始大陸板塊中各各板塊分離時期)The Baikal Valley dropped away, eventually filling with water and creating the deepest of the world’s lakes.( 貝加爾湖谷下陷裂開,最終填滿了水創造了世界上最深的湖)
1. what is stated in paragraph 1 about the shape of lake Baikal?
A It is wider than it is long
B It is circular in shape
C Iits width is one-half of its length
D It is shaped like a new moon
從題目本身的問法看是一道細節題
細節題的解題步驟
1) 尋找關鍵詞,關鍵詞定位法,本題的關鍵詞是shape
2) 文章出題順序和行文順序是一致的
本題是第一題按着順序找第一次出現的地方.
所以本題正確答案應該是D
2 It is indicated in paragraph 1 that the area of Lake Baikal
A is less than the area of eight other lakes
B is one –ninth the area of Siberia
C is greater than the area of any other freshwater lake
D is equal to the area of the five Great lakes
本題的關鍵詞是 area 面積
回原文定位: only the ninth largest lake in area at 385 miles(620km)in length and 46miles (74km) in width(第九大的湖,長385英里,寬46英里)所以本題答案爲A
3 According to paragraph 1, lake Baikal __
A. holds one –fifth of the world’s water
B. holds five times the water of the Great lakes
C. holds one-ninth of the world’s water
D. holds 20 percent of the world’s fresh water
本題很特別,你會發現題目本身沒有任何可以做爲關鍵詞的因爲全文都在講這個湖,但沒關係看四個選項他們的共同傳達信息就是本題要問的信息.你會發現四個選項擁有相同的holds water.所以本題問的是貝加爾湖谷擁有水量,所以本題定位爲It holds one –fifth of the world’s total freshwater, which is more than the total of all the water in five Great lakes;( 它擁有世界上五分之一的淡水,比五大湖全部的水還多很多)所以正確答案是D。麗麗英語每期都會做連載，敬請關注。
4 According to paragraph 1, the olkhon crevice is ____
A outside of Lake Baikal
B 400 meters below sea level
C the deepest part of Lake Baikal
D 5000 meters deep
本題定位關鍵詞爲olkhon crevice所以定位於原文:The Olkhon Crevice, the lowest known point ,is more than 5250 feet (1600 meters)deep 最低點 Olkhon大裂谷 5250英尺(1600米)深. 正確答案爲 C.
5 It is mentioned in paragraph 2 that Lake Baikal__
A is not as old as some other lakes
B formed when sections of the Earth were moving away from each other.
C was fully formed 25 million years ago
D is today located on the edge of the Asia peninsula
本題是本文的最後一個題目而且寫明瞭是paragraph 2,所以正確答案爲B定位於原文 began forming 25 million years ago as Asia started splitting apart in a series of great faults
託福閱讀輔導:老託福閱讀真題及答案 PASSAGE 1
