政治新明星 印尼草根總統維多多

A stickler for details, Jakarta governor Joko Widodo was enjoying himself on Thursday as he organised handouts for the poor, checked traffic conditions on his office CCTV system and discussed city hall politics with his brash deputy.

7月的某一天，注重細節的雅加達省長佐科•維多多(Joko Widodo)正在遊刃有餘地處理工作。他安排發放給窮人的救濟，在自己辦公室的監控系統上查看交通狀況，並和作風張揚的副手討論市政政治。

But he was interrupted by urgent phone calls from the presidents of Sri Lanka and Timor-Leste – a sign that this master of micromanagement is moving up in the world. Two days earlier, Mr Widodo had been elected the next president of Indonesia, the world’s third-biggest democracy, and they wanted to congratulate him.

但斯里蘭卡和東帝汶兩國總統打來的緊急電話打斷了他的工作——這是這位微觀管理大師在國際上地位上升的信號。兩天前，維多多當選爲全球第三大民主國家印尼的下任總統，斯里蘭卡和東帝汶兩國總統打來電話表示祝賀。

Despite his spectacular rise, he is keeping cool as he spends his last few weeks as governor. “I never thought I could be a president, coming from a poor family on the riverbank,” he tells the Financial Times, wearing a dark batik shirt and black trousers. “But I’m calm, following the Javanese philosophy of ojo kagetan – don’t get excited.”

儘管引人矚目地一躍成爲下任總統，但維多多在其擔任省長的最後幾周仍保持頭腦冷靜。他身穿深色蠟染襯衣和黑色褲子，向英國《金融時報》表示：“我出身於河邊的窮人家庭，從未想過能成爲總統。但我遵循爪哇人不要驕傲自大(ojo kagetan)的信條，現在很平靜。”

The world has seen accidental presidents before. But few have acceded to the top job accidentally on purpose.

世人以前目睹過有人偶然當上總統，但沒有幾個人曾刻意地“偶然”當上總統。

Just over two years ago, few in Indonesia or beyond had heard of the 53-year-old former furniture salesman who was then mayor of Solo, his sleepy home town in the province of Central Java. But an unexpected victory against a powerful incumbent in Jakarta’s gubernatorial election in 2012 thrust the softly spoken, self-made businessman on to the national stage. His campaign message then, and in the bitter presidential contest against former general Prabowo Subianto, was straightforward: I am not corrupt, I am down to earth and I get things done.

僅僅在兩年多前，印尼國內和國際上還很少有人聽說過維多多。現年53歲的他做過傢俱銷售員，當時是中爪哇省(Central Java)梭羅市(Solo)市長。那個缺乏活力、睡意沉沉的城市是維多多的家鄉。但維多多在2012年的雅加達省長選舉中意外擊敗強大的當權派，這位溫文爾雅、白手起家的商人從而登上了全國舞臺。他競選雅加達省長時的競選宣言，跟他與印尼前將軍普拉博沃•蘇比安託(Prabowo Subianto)激烈角逐總統一位時的一樣，都是簡單直接的一句：我不腐敗，我腳踏實地，我能做成事情。

With his trademark red-and-blue checked shirt – a symbol of his humble background – and his folksy nickname of Jokowi, he charmed his way into power in a country where politics has long been dominated by an elite clique. Mr Widodo’s rapid ascent from obscurity rivals that of US President Barack Obama, to whom he bears a likeness.

維多多常常穿一件標誌性的紅藍相間格子襯衫（象徵自己出身卑微），還有個草根味十足的綽號——佐科威(Jokowi)。憑藉着自己的魅力，他在一個長期由精英集團主導的國家裏攀升至權力巔峯。從默默無聞到迅速成爲世界的焦點，維多多的經歷可與美國總統巴拉克•奧巴馬(Barack Obama)相媲美，兩人的長相也有些相似。

He has benefited from frustration with the graft-ridden establishment as much as from his own record of local government reforms. He has brilliantly exploited the political vacuum but, with three months until he replaces President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, there are weighty expectations on Mr Widodo’s slim shoulders. Can he mimic his earlier success at national level? Does he have the mettle to tackle structural problems such as the growing fuel subsidy bill, a shortage of infrastructure and endemic corruption? With Indonesia’s economic growth at a five-year low and investor sentiment towards this once-hot emerging market turning tepid, these are crucial questions.

他的崛起不僅受益於民衆對當權派腐敗橫行的失望，也受益於他推行地方政府改革的成功。他極其巧妙地利用了這種政治真空，但在3個月後就將接替蘇西洛•班邦•尤多約諾(Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono)出任印尼總統之際，他瘦弱的肩膀眼下承載着厚重的期望。他能在印尼全國複製自己早期的成功嗎？他有沒有那樣的勇氣，去解決能源補貼賬單日益高昂、基礎設施匱乏和腐敗橫行等結構性問題？印尼經濟增長正處於5年來的低點，投資者對這個一度炙手可熱的新興市場也失去了熱情，因此這些問題眼下都至爲關鍵。

Born in 1961 in a humble riverside dwelling in Solo, Mr Widodo followed his parents into the small-scale timber industry. After studying forestry at Gadjah Mada university, one of Indonesia’s best, he set up his own furniture factory and began to export around the world. Although he had a position of prominence as head of the local furniture makers’ association, he was not well known in Solo when he stood as the city’s first directly elected mayor in 2005.

維多多於1961年出生於梭羅市河邊的一個小戶人家，早年跟隨父母開始做小規模木材生意。在印尼頂尖大學之一的加札馬達大學(Gadjah Mada)攻讀完林學之後，他創辦了自己的傢俱廠，開始向世界各地出口產品。儘管當時他已經比較知名，是當地傢俱製造商協會會長，但在2005年成爲梭羅市首位直選產生的市長時，他在該市並不爲廣大民衆熟知。

He won and was re-elected in 2010 with 90 per cent of the vote, after revamping the city of 500,000 people by refurbishing markets, relocating slum dwellers and driving growth by cutting red tape. This took him into Jakarta’s city hall two years later. In the capital he broadened access to health and education, kick-started long-delayed transport projects and ousted incompetent bureaucrats. On the presidential campaign trail, he trumpeted his municipal successes but struggled to elucidate a vision for the country.

擔任梭羅市長期間，他對這座擁有50萬人口的城市進行了改造，翻修市場、重新安置貧民窟居民、以簡化繁瑣手續推動增長，之後在2010年，他以90%的得票率成功連任。以此爲基礎，他在兩年後當上雅加達省長。在雅加達，他擴大了醫療保險和教育的覆蓋範圍，啓動了拖延已久的交通項目，並罷免了無能的官員。在總統競選活動中，他大力宣揚自己在地方施政上的成功，卻很難拿出一項全國層面上的清晰施政綱領。

Under attack from Mr Subianto’s well-organised team, Mr Widodo saw a 30 percentage point poll lead evaporate to nothing. But a week before the election, on July 9, he upped his game and rallied his millions of campaign volunteers, who helped him to win by a margin of 6 per cent – more than 8m votes.

在蘇比安託的組織良好的團隊的攻擊下，維多多曾眼看着自己在民調中30個百分點的領先優勢化爲烏有。但在7月9日大選前的一週裏，他加大了努力，徵集了數百萬競選志願者，這幫助他以領先6個百分點（逾800萬張選票）的優勢贏得大選。

A man of contradictions, he is beloved of both slum dwellers and bond vigilantes. Many Indonesians like him because, he says, he has “the face of someone from the village”. But he is also a successful businessman. He declared personal wealth of $2.5m during the election campaign, in a country where the average income per capita is $3,500.

維多多是一個矛盾之人，他既受到貧民窟居民的愛戴，也受到“債市俠客”(bond vigilantes)的擁護。他說，許多印尼人之所以喜歡他，是因爲他長着一張“鄉下人的臉”。但他同時也是一位成功的商人。他在競選期間曾公開自己擁有250萬美元的財富，而印尼的人均收入是3500美元。

He won the presidency because of his image as a non-politician but is politically astute: Mr Subianto and his tycoon brother had backed his campaign to be governor of Jakarta in the hope that their support for a clean local leader would improve Mr Subianto’s questionable reputation. But, without publicly turning on Mr Subianto, Mr Widodo quietly launched his own presidential bid when he realised he was by far the most popular politician in Indonesia.

他之所以能贏得選舉，是因爲他雖然長得不像政客，卻具有政治上的敏銳性：蘇比安託及其身爲企業大亨的弟弟曾支持維多多競選雅加達省長，因爲他們希望通過支持一個清廉的地方領導人，改善蘇比安託的可疑聲譽。但是當維多多意識到自己是印尼迄今最受歡迎的政客的時候，他沒有公開向蘇比安託發難、而是悄然着手自己參選總統。

Cheekily, Mr Widodo plays down his ambitions, claiming somewhat implausibly that he first thought of running for president “when my party proposed me as a candidate” in March. Marcus Mietzner of the Australian National University warns that, despite his charm, Mr Widodo will struggle to manage relations with his Indonesian Democratic Party-Struggle, chaired by mercurial ex-president Megawati Sukarnoputri, and with a fragmented House of Representatives. “He will not be the messiah that some people made him out to be,” he says.

維多多頑皮地掩蓋着自己的雄心，他有些令人難以置信地宣稱，當今年3月“其所在政黨提出讓他擔任候選人的時候”，他纔有了競選總統的想法。澳大利亞國立大學(Australian National University)的馬庫斯•米茨納(Marcus Mietzner)警告稱，儘管維多多富有魅力，但他將很難處理好與他所在的印尼鬥爭民主黨，以及派系林立的衆議院的關係。米茨納表示：“他不會如某些人期望的那樣成爲救世主。”印尼鬥爭民主黨的主席是前總統梅加瓦蒂•蘇加諾普特麗(Megawati Sukarnoputri)，此人性格反覆無常。

Mr Widodo himself does not offer any dramatic solutions. He simply promises to focus on improving the lives of Indonesians at a time when inequality is rising rapidly. His wife, who runs a wedding hall in Solo, and three adult children should help keep him grounded, having so far tried to avoid the spotlight.

維多多本人沒有提出任何引人注目的解決方案。他只是承諾將致力於改善印尼人的生活，而此際印尼的不平等狀況正迅速惡化。維多多的家人迄今一直在努力避免成爲公衆關注的焦點。他的妻子在梭羅市經營一家婚紗店，三個孩子均已成年，他們應該會幫助維多多保持平衡心態。

As he prepares to move into the presidential palace, he says he will not let the wall of security officers cut him off from the spot inspections that defined his approach to local government. “I must control them,” he says, jabbing his finger in the air. “I must manage them, not them controlling me and managing me. In Indonesia, leading by example is very important. If I show the example, others will follow.”

維多多在即將搬進總統官邸之際表示，他將不會讓安保官員的屏障阻止他繼續施行在地方政府執政時經常採用的實地考察。他手指空中說道：“我必須控制他們，管理他們，而不是讓他們控制和管理我。在印尼，以身作則非常重要。如果我以身作則，其他人就會效仿。”