美國馬來西亞互不信任掣肘失聯客機調查
Mistrust between U.S. and Malaysian air-accident investigators has hampered a multinational probe into the jetliner that went missing three weeks ago, people familiar with the investigation said, with no clear leads emerging about who or what was responsible for its disappearance.
熟悉調查情況的人士稱，美國和馬來西亞空中事故調查人員之間的互不信任妨礙了一項針對三週前失蹤客機的跨國調查，目前還沒有發現清晰的線索證明誰或者什麼因素應當爲客機的失蹤負責。As search ships raced to try to confirm airborne sightings of potential wreckage in the newest search area, officially both sides said cooperation between the two countries is good. But people familiar with both countries' efforts say that isn't always the case.
搜尋船隻爭先恐後地試圖證實在最新劃定的搜尋區域目擊到的物體就是失蹤飛機的殘骸，美國和馬來西亞均表示兩國之間的合作順利。但熟悉兩國行動的人士稱，兩國之間的合作並非一直順利。U.S. investigators say they aren't getting a full flow of information from the Malaysians - - prompting some to complain to headquarters in Washington that they feel relegated to the margins, according to several people familiar with the matter. Malaysian investigators, meanwhile, are wary of information leaks they believe are occurring more regularly among their counterparts from Washington.
據幾位知情人士透露，美方調查人員稱，馬來西亞方面沒有向他們提供完整的信息，美方一些調查人員因此向華盛頓總部抱怨他們感覺自己被排擠了。與此同時，馬方調查人員對於信息泄露問題非常警覺，他們認爲美國方面泄露信息的情況越來越多。
With a little more than a week left on the battery life of Malaysia Airlines -2.38% Flight 370's data recorders, known as black boxes, search crews were on their way to the new search zone where five planes had spotted debris potentially related to the plane. Though investigators have determined the Boeing BA +1.01% 777 went down somewhere in the Indian Ocean, based on satellite data, a criminal probe into the flight's disappearance has yielded few clues in the two weeks since the Malaysian government announced its suspicion that a deliberate act brought down the Boeing 777.
現在馬航370航班的黑匣子電池壽命只剩下一週多一點的時間。搜救人員已前往新的搜尋區域進行搜索，此前有五架飛機在那裏發現了疑似失聯客機的殘骸。雖然調查人員根據衛星數據確信失聯的波音777墜入了印度洋，但一樁針對該航班失蹤的刑事調查卻線索寥寥。兩週前馬來西亞政府宣佈他們懷疑馬航370航班因蓄意行爲失聯。Twin probes into how and why the plane went down rest largely in the hands of Malaysian police and air-safety officials, and Americans working in Kuala Lumpur are convinced their side is 'mainly getting bits and pieces, rather than a full download from the Malaysians,' said one U.S. official briefed on the investigation. Members of the on-site U.S. contingent are 'vetting all the information they do get, to ensure accuracy,' the official added.
一位獲悉調查情況的美國官員稱，針對飛機如何以及爲何失聯展開的兩項調查主要由馬來西亞警方和航空安全部門的官員負責，目前在吉隆坡的美方調查人員確信美方只從馬來西亞方面獲得了一些零散的信息，而不是全面信息。這位官員還說，在現場的美國調查人員正在審覈所有已獲得的信息，以確保信息的準確性。In Malaysia, the government has tight control over the media and leaks of information aren't common. By contrast, some people on the Malaysian side perceive Washington to be full of leaks, particularly in the first few days after the plane vanished March 8.
在馬來西亞，政府對媒體管制嚴格，所以信息泄露的情況並不常見。相比之下，馬來西亞的一些調查人員認爲，美國方面屢屢發生信息泄露，特別是在失聯客機於3月8日失蹤後的頭幾天裏。Last week, Malaysia handed over its most important physical evidence to the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation - -pilot Zaharie Ahmad Shah's home flight simulator and computer- -for analysis. But before the FBI analysis was complete or the Malaysian government had a chance to make an announcement, a flurry of media reports from Washington revealed that the bureau hadn't found anything to explain Flight 370's disappearance.
上週，馬來西亞將最重要的物證――馬航370航班的機長扎哈里(Zaharie Ahmad Shah)在家中的飛行模擬器和電腦，交給了美國聯邦調查局(Federal Bureau of Investigation, 簡稱FBI)進行分析。但還沒等FBI分析完成、馬來西亞政府宣佈相關分析結果，就有一連串的美國媒體報道披露FBI沒有發現能夠解釋飛機失蹤原因的任何線索。'Washington seems to be a leaky boat,' said one person familiar with the Malaysian investigation. 'It erodes trust.' Nevertheless, this person said concern about the Americans' role isn't seriously impeding the investigation. 'We have been surprised at how many people we have been able to rope into this,' this person said.
一位熟悉馬來西亞調查情況的人士稱，華盛頓似乎是信息泄露的源頭，這破壞了兩國間的信任。不過該知情人士稱，美國調查人員所充當的角色帶來的擔憂並沒有嚴重妨礙調查。我們能說服那麼多人來參與調查，這已經出乎我們的意料了。Still, according to people familiar with the matter, U.S. aviation officials are operating largely out of the U.S. Embassy in Kuala Lumpur and shuttling to meetings with Malaysian officials- -instead of being based full-time in Malaysian offices alongside local investigators, as would often be the case. The U.S. team includes a handful of investigators from the FAA and National Transportation Safety Board.
不過，據知情人士透露，這一次美國航空部門官員基本上繞開了美國駐吉隆坡使館，在使館外與馬來西亞官員進行了會面，而不是採用以往常見的做法，派調查人員駐馬來西亞辦公室，與當地調查人員一起工作。美國調查團隊包括了一批來自美國聯邦航空局(Federal Aviation Administration, 簡稱FAA)和美國全國運輸安全委員會(National Transportation Safety Board, 簡稱NTSB)的調查人員。The embassy declined to comment on the level of cooperation between the two countries.
對於兩國之間的合作程度，美國駐馬來西亞使館不予置評。Malaysian authorities take pride in having assembled a broad multinational coalition to search the Indian Ocean for the wreckage of the Boeing 777, and in the process ceded some of their authority to direct the hunt. The government has repeatedly sought outside help to locate and eventually try to retrieve remnants of the plane carrying 239 people, asking for everything from satellite imagery to search planes to specialized underwater recovery equipment.
馬來西亞召集了一支廣泛的跨國搜救力量，在印度洋搜尋失聯波音777飛機的殘骸，在此過程中馬來西亞移交了一部分指導搜尋工作的權力，馬來西亞當局對此引以爲傲。該國政府已多次向外界尋求幫助，希望國際力量協助其確定飛機位置並最終試圖找到失蹤飛機殘骸。從衛星圖像、搜救飛機到專用水下搜救設備，馬方向外界尋求了一切搜救力量。失蹤的馬航客機上載有239名乘客和機組人員。'On the criminal aspect of the investigation, Malaysian police are working very closely with the international agencies,' Defense Minister Hishammuddin Hussein told reporters Friday.
馬來西亞國防部長希沙慕丁•侯賽因(Hishammuddin Hussein)週五對記者表示，在刑事調查方面，馬拉西亞警方正在與國際機構進行密切合作。But investigators from the Federal Aviation Administration and Boeing Co. focusing on aircraft performance and systems have expressed concern about poor coordination and information flow, according to people familiar with the matter.
然而據知情人士透露，關注飛機性能和系統的FAA的調查人員和波音公司(Boeing Co.)表達了對協調不力和信息流不暢通問題的擔憂。Boeing, without the full involvement of Malaysian investigators, has run some computer models of the last phase of the flight, highlighting another point of tension in the probe, two people familiar with the matter said. These so-called engineering simulations seek to lay out the most likely movements of the plane before and after it is presumed to have run out of fuel. Such work typically would be more closely coordinated with leaders of the overall investigations, according to these people.
兩位知情人士稱，波音在沒有馬方調查人員全面參與的情況下用計算機模擬了失聯客機飛行的最後階段，這也凸顯出了兩國在調查中的緊張關係。這些所謂的“工程模擬”(engineering simulations)試圖展示假定飛機燃料耗盡之前和之後的移動情況。這兩位知情人表示，這種工作通常需要整個調查工作的領導者在場，這樣纔可以更緊密地協調進行。Boeing on Friday re-emphasized that it continues to serve as a technical adviser to the NTSB.
波音週五再次強調，該公司將繼續擔當NTSB的技術顧問。An FAA spokeswoman said the agency's 'working relationship with the Malaysian Directorate General of Civil Aviation has been strong for many years and has continued to be strong throughout the investigation.'
FAA發言人表示，多年來，FAA和馬來西亞民航總局(Malaysian Directorate General of Civil Aviation)一直保持着密切的合作關係，在此次調查中也繼續保持着這種關係。The current tensions between U.S. and Malaysian investigators have roots in issues that appeared three weeks ago, people familiar the matter said, soon after the flight dropped off civilian radar March 8 en route to Beijing from Kuala Lumpur.
知情人士稱，當前美國和馬來西亞調查人員之間的緊張氣氛在三週前就已經初見端倪了。3月8日從吉隆坡飛往北京的370航班從民用雷達上消失後不久，雙方的合作就開始出現問題。From the beginning, according to a U.S. government official and others, Boeing was upset that it took about three hours- -much longer than would be typical- -for Malaysian authorities to inform company representatives the jet hadn't been heard from.
美國政府官員和其他人士透露，波音從一開始就對馬來西亞當局在大約三小時後（比一般情況下晚了許多）才通知公司代表客機失聯消息的做法感到不悅。Boeing's team remains 'quite frustrated and doesn't trust the process,' according to one person familiar with the company's views.
一位瞭解波音看法的知情人士稱，波音的團隊仍相當沮喪，他們並不信任調查過程。FAA and NTSB officials didn't play a prominent role in briefing Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Razak just before his somber announcement Monday that Flight 370 'ended in the southern Indian Ocean.' The analysis was based primarily on work done by satellite-operator Inmarsat +0.07% PLC and the U.K.'s Air Accidents Investigation Branch, the NTSB's British counterpart. Officials in Kuala Lumpur and the AAIB have a long-standing relationship on safety matters.
馬來西亞總理納吉布(Najib Razak)週一黯然宣佈，370航班“墜入了南印度洋”。在馬方宣佈這一消息之前，FAA和NTSB的官員在向納吉布通報情況方面並沒有扮演一個重要角色。飛機墜海結論的主要依據是衛星公司Inmarsat PLC和英國空難事故調查署(UK Air Accidents Investigation Branch, 簡稱AAIB)的分析結果。馬來西亞官員和AAIB官員在安全事務上有長期合作關係。'The Malaysians have a much closer association with the AAIB' than with the NTSB, according to one person familiar with Malaysia Airlines' operations. 'There is simply a greater comfort level there.'
一位熟悉馬來西亞航空營運情況的知情人士表示，馬來西亞與AAIB的聯繫比它與NTSB的聯繫要密切得多，馬來西亞覺得與AAIB合作更安心一些。NTSB spokeswoman Kelly Nantel said 'there is no friction between the U.S. and Malaysian investigators,' adding 'they are all working together, with one common goal.'
NTSB發言人南特爾(Kelly Nantel)稱，美方和馬方調查人員之間不存在摩擦，所有人都在爲一個共同的目標而努力。Malaysian authorities say that background checks have been completed on all passengers by their countries of origin and that no one stands out as a suspect. At the same time, Malaysian and U.S. officials also say they haven't ruled out any potential cause for the plane's disappearance, including the possibility that a passenger was involved.
馬來西亞當局稱，失蹤飛機上所有乘客的背景調查已經由他們的原籍國家完成，沒有發現疑犯。與此同時，馬來西亞和美國官員還表示，他們不排除造成飛機失蹤的任何潛在原因，包括乘客人爲造成的可能。Most of the 14 countries with passengers on the plane haven't disclosed how they conducted the background checks or what guidelines they followed in clearing passengers. Chinese officials didn't respond to requests for comment how it conducted its background checks on the 153 Chinese citizens on board. Malaysia, too, hasn't provided details other than to say it focused on possible terrorism, sabotage and personal or psychological issues.
機上乘客來自14個國家，這些國家大多沒有對外披露它們是如何進行背景調查的，也沒有披露它們是遵循怎樣的標準排除了乘客的嫌疑。記者要求中國政府官員就政府如何對機上153名中國公民進行背景調查置評，但沒有得到迴應。馬來西亞政府也沒有提供相關細節，只表示，他們的背景調查集中在可能的恐怖主義、破壞活動、個人或心理問題方面。Indonesia said it relied on international guidelines in clearing all of its seven passengers, but didn't say who wrote the guidelines. 'We don't use our own standard,' said police spokesman Agus Rikwanto. 'We use the standard used internationally that is used in investigating any suspicious individual. The results are they are cleared.'
印尼稱，他們按照國際標準排除了機上7名印尼乘客的嫌疑，但沒有透露這些標準是誰寫給他們的。印尼警方發言人Agus Rikwanto說，“我們沒有采用我們自己的標準，而是採用了國際上用於排查疑犯的標準，調查結果排除了他們的嫌疑。”
