退歐留歐 英國普通家庭呈現代際差異
LONDON — Members of the Driscoll family tend not to fight. If they do, it is over whose turn it is to vacuum.
倫敦——德里斯科爾家的人一般不鬧彆扭。就算鬧的話，爭論的也是輪到誰去打掃衛生了。
Leslie Driscoll, 55, sells hot cross buns in an English bakery in London and addresses her customers with “love” or “darling”; her husband, Peter, 54, works as a floor layer; their daughter, Louise, a 19-year-old with dyed blue hair, is a barista in a hip coffee shop.
現年55歲的萊斯莉·德里斯科爾(Leslie Driscoll)在倫敦的一家英式烘培店銷售熱十字包，會用“親愛的”或“寶貝兒”來招呼顧客。她的丈夫彼得(Peter)則是54歲，從事鋪設地板的工作。他們19歲的女兒叫路易絲(Louise)，頭髮染成了藍色，在一家時髦咖啡店當咖啡調配師。
But last week, the Driscolls fell out. Badly. They had an argument so big they did not speak to one another for days, Leslie Driscoll said. Shortly afterward, her husband went off in a huff to see friends up north, in Derby.
然而上週的時候，德里斯科爾一家爭吵起來。吵得不可開交。萊斯莉說，大家爭得天翻地覆，好幾天都相互不理。不久之後，丈夫就怒氣衝衝地跑去北邊的德比郡看朋友了 。
The source of the family drama: whether Britain should remain part of the European Union, a process often referred to as “Brexit.”
把家裏弄得雞飛狗跳的到底是什麼呢？原來是英國是否應當留在歐盟。此事通常被稱爲“退歐”。
With only days to go until the referendum on membership in the bloc on Thursday, polls suggest that the country is deeply split along socioeconomic and regional lines, with many older and working-class voters in England favoring leaving, and younger and better-educated Britons, and a majority of those in Scotland and Northern Ireland, favoring staying.
離週四全民公決英國的歐盟成員國身份只差幾天的時候，民意調查的結果顯示，社會經濟狀況和地區差異讓英國人的立場涇渭分明。許多年紀較長的英格蘭藍領選民主張退出歐盟，而年輕一些受過良好教育的大不列顛選民、大多數的蘇格蘭和北愛爾蘭人則青睞留下。
As the consequences of the choice come into focus for voters, tensions are bubbling. In the case of the Driscoll family, they are boiling over.
隨着這項選擇的諸多後果成爲選民關注的焦點，雙方的矛盾也在醞釀。到了德里斯科爾一家這裏，就徹底爆發了。
“I completely disagree with her,” Louise Driscoll said on a recent afternoon, looking at her mother squarely in the face as they sat in a cafe. “We shouldn’t be leaving, like, an organization that has helped us more than we could ever help ourselves if we were to go it alone.”
不久前的一個下午，路易絲坐在一家餐吧裏，直視着母親。“我完全不同意她的看法，”她說。“我們不應該離開。這個聯盟對我們幫助巨大，假如就我們自己，是永遠沒辦法做到這個程度的。”
Louise is the only one in her family who wants Britain to remain. Her parents and her 80-year-old grandfather want out.
路易絲是一家人裏唯一希望英國留下的。她的父母和年過八旬的祖父都想要退出。
“This is a little island,” her mother said matter-of-factly, lighting up a cigarette and letting the ash fall on her glittery sneakers. “We should look after our own first. Charity begins at home.”
她的母親點了一根香菸，任由菸灰落到亮閃閃的球鞋上。“我們是個小島，”萊斯莉乾巴巴地說。“應該首先照顧自己。慈愛始於家人。”
“But we are all people!” Louise said. “We should help each other.”
“可我們都是人啊！”路易絲說。“我們應該互相幫助。”
“It don’t work that way, darling,” her mother replied, shaking her head. “If you’re born here, you pass as English. I don’t care whether you’re black, white, green or blue, or purple with pink spots on — you’re English.”
“事情可不是這麼辦的，親愛的，”她的母親一邊搖頭一邊回答。“如果你在這裏出生，你就是英國人。我不管你膚色是黑是白是綠是藍，還是紫底粉點——你就是英國人。”
Those born abroad, Leslie Driscoll said, “have got their own governments, their own parliaments, whatever.”
至於那些出生在其他地方的人，萊斯莉則表示他們“有自己的政府、自己的議會之類的”。
Up and down the country, the debate over Europe is pitting husband against wife, children against parents, sisters against brothers, divisions unlikely to be healed easily after the referendum is decided.
在英國上上下下，關於歐盟的爭論讓夫妻對立、子女與父母爭執、手足交惡。就算公投之後，這樣的分歧也不大可能輕易彌合。
The debate over Britain’s continued membership in Europe has touched on issues as varied as immigration, terrorism, the economy, London’s housing shortage and the fate of the National Health Service.
針對英國是否延續歐盟成員國身份的爭論涉及各種各樣的議題，包括移民、恐怖主義、經濟、倫敦的住房短缺，以及國家醫療服務體系(National Health Service)的命運。
Some of these issues, like immigration, are directly related to the European Union. Others, like the shortage of affordable housing, have little to do with it.
其中的一些議題直接與歐盟有關，比如移民。另外一些則沒什麼聯繫，比如經濟實惠的房屋的供應短缺。
Yet those distinctions are blurring. For many, the referendum is as much a chance to register displeasure with the country’s direction as it is an opportunity to reject or embrace Europe. The stance of some voters is being shaped by personal experience and anecdote.
然而，這些區分是模糊的。對不少人來說，這次公投既是一個拒絕或投入歐洲懷抱的機會，也是一個表達對本國前進方向不滿的由頭。塑造部分選民立場的是他們的個人經歷與際遇。
There is, for example, a widespread perception that European citizens are flocking to Britain, especially from Eastern Europe, to take advantage of its social welfare system. But Britain’s welfare system is not as generous as those of many other European nations, and fewer than 7 percent of immigrants receive benefits.
比方說，民衆普遍認爲，歐盟公民，尤其是東歐人，在涌向英國，爲的是利用英國的社會福利系統。不過，英國的福利系統並沒有許多歐盟國家慷慨，而且只有不到7%的移民在享受英國福利。
Louise Driscoll voted for the Green Party in last year’s general election and was appalled that her mother, traditionally a Labour voter, had opted for the anti-Europe, anti-immigration U.K. Independence Party. (“Sorry, I know I’m a bit antiquated — can’t help it, love,” Leslie Driscoll replied, somewhat sheepishly, after her daughter uttered an expletive.)
路易絲在去年的大選中投給了綠黨(Green Party)，很驚詫身爲工黨(Labour Party)傳統選民的母親轉而投給反歐盟、反移民的英國獨立黨(U.K. Independence Party)。（聽到女兒說了句髒話之後，萊斯莉有點難爲情地回答，“對不起，我知道自己有點老派——沒辦法，親愛的。”）
Louise Driscoll said she understood the pressures that immigration placed on schools and hospitals. But leaving the EU worried her, she said, because it risked wrecking the economy and making it hard for young people to secure employment. It took her eight months to find work as a barista, she said.
路易絲表示，她理解移民會對學校和醫院系統造成壓力。但她說，英國退出歐盟的做法讓她擔心，因爲這會毀掉經濟，並讓年輕人難以找到工作。她花了八個月的時間才找到了咖啡師這份工作，她說。
“If I wanted to work abroad, it would be a lot easier if England was in the EU,” Louise said.
“假如我想出國工作的話，英格蘭留在歐盟內就會讓事情好辦多了，”路易絲表示。
Her mother suggested that Louise move to New York, possibly unaware of the paradox that this would make her an immigrant herself.
母親建議路易絲搬去紐約，她可能並未意識到這會讓女兒也變成移民。
In what sounded like a final plea, she said: “At the end of the day, the EU is going to affect my generation more than it will affect your generation. So shouldn’t it be down to us to decide whether or not to stay?”
路易絲說：“到頭來，歐盟對我這一代人的影響要大於對你們那一代的影響。那麼，難道不應該由我們來決定是去是留嗎？”這話聽起來像是最後的說服理由。
Her mother fell silent and was thoughtful.
萊斯莉陷入了沉默，若有所思。
“I am 55 years of age,” she said slowly. “I know — I appreciate that in 50 years’ time, you’ll be here and I won’t, and you’ll have to put up with whatever’s happened.”
“我有55歲了，”她慢慢地回答。“我知道——也很理解，50年後你們還在這裏我卻不在了，是你們來承擔將來的事情。”
She paused.
她停頓了一下。
“But I still want out,” she said. “Sorry.”
“可我還是想退出，”她說。“不好意思。”
