越南騷亂過後 中國遊客一去不返
DA NANG, Vietnam — The year began well for Mai Thanh Trung, newly employed at a travel company here that caters to Chinese tour groups. Mr. Trung said he regularly greeted charter flights from the Chinese mainland and pocketed an average monthly commission of about $600.
越南峴港——麥忠程(Mai Thanh Trung)進入峴港一家接待中國旅遊團的公司不久，對他來說，今年開年的形勢很不錯。麥忠程說，他經常接待來自中國大陸的包機乘客，每月可以拿到600美元（約合人民幣3700元）的提成。But then came May, when a state-owned Chinese company parked an oil rig near Vietnam’s central coast in a part of the South China Sea that both countries claim. Two days of anti-Chinese riots followed in southern and central Vietnam. And, according to hospitality professionals in this central coast city of nearly one million, the inbound Chinese tourism market crashed.
但是到了5月，一家中國國有企業在靠近越南中部海岸的一片海域部署了一個石油鑽井平臺，中越兩國都聲稱擁有這片海域的主權。兩天之後，越南南部和中部爆發了反華騷亂。於是，在這個擁有近百萬人口的中部海岸城市，中國人入境旅遊市場崩潰了，這裏的酒店業人士說。Mr. Trung, 24, said the flights that once brought his Chinese clients stopped in late May, leaving him and his 50 colleagues temporarily unemployed. He sat idle for weeks in his home village, 25 miles south of Da Nang, watching the World Cup on television.
24歲的麥忠程說，5月下旬開始，給他帶來中國客戶的航班就停飛了，因此他和50位同事暫時失了業。這幾周來，他都在峴港以南25英里的老家村裏看世界盃電視轉播。
The rig began moving north, toward Hainan Island in China, on July 15. Mr. Trung said that seemed to have prompted a trickle of Chinese tourists to return, and that he expected to make at least $200 this month in commissions. But the unrest over the rig and continuing tense relations have rattled his sense of job security.
7月15日，這個鑽井平臺開始向北面的海南島移動。麥忠程說，此舉似乎導致了中國遊客人數的小幅回升；他預計這個月自己至少可以拿到200美元的提成。但鑽井平臺帶來的動盪不安，以及仍在持續的緊張關係，已經破壞了這份工作的安全感。“Right now it’s going back to Hainan Island, but we don’t know when it will come back,” he said of the rig.
“現在它回海南島去了，但我們不知道什麼時候它又會回來，”他談到這個鑽井平臺時說。Although at least four Chinese workers died in the riots, order was restored quickly. But China and other countries issued advisories citing potential risks to public safety in Vietnam. Tourism specialists said the Chinese advisory led thousands of people to cancel trips, in part because it invalidated some travel insurance policies.
儘管至少有四名中國工人在騷亂中死亡，秩序很快得到了恢復。但中國和其他國家發佈了越南公共安全存在潛在風險的公告。旅遊專家表示，中國的公告導致數千人取消了行程，部分是因爲它使得一些旅遊保險失去了效力。Chinese accounted for about a quarter of the nearly 4.3 million foreign visitors to Vietnam in the first six months of 2014. But in June, arrivals from the Chinese mainland fell about 30 percent and those from Hong Kong fell 72 percent, compared with May.
2014年的前六個月，越南接待了430萬境外遊客，中國遊客約佔其中四分之一。但在6月，中國大陸游客比5月減少了約30%，香港遊客減少了72%。“They became a little bit afraid,” said Matthias Wiesmann, general manager at the Furama Resort Danang, one of the city’s many beachfront properties. The hotel lost 10 percent to 15 percent of its business, or about 2,800 room nights, in May and June, he said. Nguyen Xuan Binh, director of the government’s Da Nang Center for Tourism Promotion, said the average occupancy rate at the city’s beachfront hotels was 60 percent to 70 percent in late June, compared with the usual 80 percent to 90 percent. But Ken Atkinson, chairman of the tourism working group at the Vietnam Business Forum, a public-private consortium, suggested that rate was probably not higher than 30 percent or 40 percent.
“他們有點害怕了，”峴港富麗華大酒店(Furama Resort Danang)的總經理馬蒂亞斯·維澤曼(Matthias Wiesmann)說。該市有很多這樣的海濱酒店。今年5月和6月，這家酒店的客房業務滑坡10%到15%，相當於2800個總房夜，他說。阮軒平（Nguyen Xuan Binh，音譯）是官方機構峴港旅遊推廣中心(Da Nang Center for Tourism Promotion)的主任，他表示，今年6月下旬，該市海濱酒店的平均入住率是60%到70%，往年通常在80%到90%之間。但肯·阿特金森(Ken Atkinson)表示入住率爲大概不超過30%或40%，阿特金森是官方與企業聯合設立的聯盟“越南商業論壇”(Vietnam Business Forum)旗下旅遊委員會的主席。Mr. Binh says Da Nang is as safe as ever. He predicted that Chinese tourists would return but said that he did not know when.
阮軒平說，峴港和以往一樣安全。他預計中國遊客會回來，但說他不知道具體是什麼時候。“They’ll come to Da Nang and see the reality,” he said.
“他們會到峴港來，看到真實的現況，”他說。Mr. Binh, the Da Nang tourism official, said growth in the city’s inbound Chinese tourism market before May was mainly related to a sharp rise since 2012 in charter flights operated by Vietnam Airlines, China Eastern Airlines and China Southern Airlines. He said Dragonair, a sister airline of Cathay Pacific, had also opened non-charter flights between Hong Kong and Da Nang.
阮軒平說，5月之前，峴港中國人入境旅遊市場的增長，主要和2012年以來包機航班的急劇增多有關，經營這些航班的有越南航空公司(Vietnam Airlines)、中國東方航空公司和中國南方航空公司。他說，國泰航空(Cathay Pacific)的姊妹航空公司港龍航空(Dragonair)，也推出了香港和峴港之間的非包機航班。A spokeswoman for the state-owned Vietnam Airlines declined to comment on the Chinese tourism slump, saying in an email that the company was still “collecting and evaluating” related information. China Eastern Airlines and China Southern Airlines did not respond to email seeking comment.
國營越南航空公司的一位女發言人拒絕對中國人入境旅遊市場的衰退進行置評，她在一份電子郵件中說，這是因爲該公司仍在“收集和評估”相關信息。中國東方航空公司和中國南方航空公司均未回覆請求就此事置評的電子郵件。Cathay Pacific and Dragonair canceled a total of 23 return flights between Hong Kong and three regular Vietnam destinations — Da Nang, Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City — between late May and the end of June, said Erica Peng, Cathay Pacific’s Vietnam country manager. She added that the airlines normally operated 33 weekly flights from Hong Kong to those cities, including seven Dragonair flights to Da Nang.
5月底和6月底之間，國泰航空及港龍航空取消了香港和越南三個常規目的地——峴港、河內和胡志明市——之間的總共23個回程航班，國泰航空的越南地區經理彭彧表示。她還說，在正常情況下，國泰航空每週有33個從香港飛往這些城市的航班，包括港龍航空七個飛往峴港的航班。Mr. Binh, the tourism official, said the “main driver” behind the Da Nang charter flights from China was the Crowne Plaza Danang, a large hotel on the city’s beachfront. Four hospitality executives on the central coast echoed his analysis, saying the Crowne Plaza caters almost exclusively to Chinese tour groups.
前述負責旅遊事務的官員阮軒平表示，從中國到峴港的包機航班背後的“主要驅動因素”是該市的大型海濱酒店峴港皇冠假日酒店(Crowne Plaza Danang)。中部海岸地區的四名酒店業高管贊同他的分析，稱皇冠假日酒店幾乎只爲中國旅遊團服務。On a recent summer afternoon, Zhang Lei, a Chinese businessman from Henan Province, stood beside the pool in the Crowne Plaza’s deserted beachside courtyard. He said that aside from the friends he was traveling with, he had not met any other Chinese-speaking guests during his stay and that many Chinese were not traveling to Vietnam because of the South China Sea dispute and the factory riots in May.
前不久的一個夏日午後，來自河南省的中國商人張雷（音譯）站在皇冠假日酒店的游泳池旁，他所在的臨海小院頗爲冷清。張雷說，除了同行的朋友外，他住在這裏期間沒有遇到其他任何一個說中文的客人，並稱因爲南海爭端和5月的工廠騷亂，許多中國人不來越南。“China has helped Vietnam so much over the years, but the Vietnamese have turned against us,” Mr. Zhang said while sipping from a coconut.
“這些年，中國幫了越南這麼多，但越南人卻和我們作對，”張雷一邊從一個椰子裏小口啜飲椰汁一邊說。A Crowne Plaza employee, who declined to give his name because he was not authorized to speak with the news media, said Chinese typically were 70 percent to 80 percent of the hotel’s clientele. Emma Corcoran, a spokeswoman for the hotel’s parent company, InterContinental Hotels Group, declined a request for an interview with the hotel’s general manager.
皇冠假日酒店的一名員工稱，中國人通常在酒店客人中佔70%到80%。因爲無權接受新聞媒體的採訪，這名員工要求匿名。該酒店的母公司洲際酒店集團(InterContinental Hotels Group)的女發言人埃瑪·科科蘭(Emma Corcoran)拒絕了採訪酒店總經理的請求。Clarence Tan, the company’s chief operating officer for Southeast Asia and resorts, said in an emailed statement that China’s recent tourism advisory from the Chinese government, coupled with the reduction in direct chartered flights into Da Nang, had contributed to a decline in Chinese arrivals at the company’s Da Nang properties.
該公司負責東南亞事務和度假村的首席運營官陳漢泉(Clarence Tan)在一份通過電子郵件發出的聲明中表示，中國政府最近發佈的旅遊公告，以及直達峴港的包機航班的減少，導致公司在峴港的酒店接待的中國遊客減少。Despite the drop in Chinese arrivals, Vietnam still expects to welcome 8.2 million international tourists this year, Nguyen Manh Cuong, vice chairman of the national tourism agency, told reporters on July 9, days before the Chinese oil rig left the disputed area of the South China Sea. The total for last year was nearly 7.6 million, official figures show.
7月9日，越南全國性旅遊機構的副主席阮曼強(Nguyen Manh Cuong)告訴記者，儘管中國遊客減少，但越南今年依然有望接待820萬國際旅客。幾天後，中國的鑽井平臺離開南海的有爭議水域。官方數據顯示，越南去年總共接待了近760萬國際遊客。The rig’s departure appears to have increased overall tourist confidence in Vietnam, said Mr. Wiesmann, of the Furama Resort Danang. He added that business at the beachfront property had nearly returned to normal by late July, because of upticks in Australian, Japanese, South Korean and Vietnamese guests.
峴港富麗華大酒店的維澤曼表示，鑽井平臺的離去似乎提振了遊客對越南的總體信心。他接着表示，到7月末，因爲澳大利亞、日本、韓國和越南客人的增加，該海濱酒店的業務幾乎迴歸到了正常水平。Mr. Wiesmann said inbound Chinese tourism, though still sluggish, was improving “little by little,” though it remained unclear when, or whether, the market would recover fully.
維澤曼說，中國遊客入境遊市場雖然依然不景氣，但正在“逐漸”改善，不過尚不清楚這個市場何時，或會不會完全恢復。“It’s a little bit difficult to predict,” he said.
“有些難以預料，”他說。
