中英雙語話中國民風民俗 第133期:泥塑代表
Clay Figure Modeling
泥塑代表Clay figure modelling varies with localities in technology, styles and subject matter. For example,the longstanding painted clay work from Fengxiang, Shanxi has to go through over ten steps in the whole process. They include moulding the clay, turning over the base,gluing into the designed shape, polishing, painting, outlining, coloring, glossing, and so on. As a result, painted clay figures made in Fengxiang are very much loved for their bright color,vivid shape,dramatic composition and bold style. The main clay work includes tigers，five poisonous creatures (scorpion, viper, centipede, house lizard and toad), crouching cow, zodiac animals (the twelve symbolic animals used to denote the year of one's birth),toys,legendary figures like the eight immortals，and characters in the Three Kingdoms and Pilgrimage to the West. The famed clay figures produced in Wuxi fall into two types：the coarse,and the refined. The former is characterized by unsophisticated composition out of moulded shape,and bright color from hand painting with the theme of good fortune and happiness. The latter is made by kneading the clay with hands into sophisticated figures based on the wonderful scenes in Beijing opera or Kun opera. With each being a wonder,the refined clay figures are unique works of art created with painstaking effort. Other influential clay figure producers are Gaomi of Shandong,Beigou of Hebei,and Xunxian of Henan.
彩繪泥塑人物造型隨着地方不同在技術，風格和題材上也不同。例如，鳳翔和陝西的長期彩繪泥塑作品，在整個過程要經過超過十個步驟。它們包括製作模，翻轉底座，粘合設計形狀，拋光，塗漆，描繪輪廓，着色，上光，等等。事實上，鳳翔的彩繪泥塑人物都非常受歡迎因爲它們的色澤鮮豔，造型生動，戲劇性的成分和大膽的風格。主要的粘土藝術品包括老虎，五毒生物（蠍子，毒蛇，蜈蚣，壁虎和蟾蜍），蹲牛，十二生肖（用來表示一個人的出生年份的十二個象徵性的動物），玩具，傳說中的人物像八仙，三國演繹和西遊記中的人物。在無錫生產的著名的陶俑分爲兩類：粗的和精緻的。前者的特點是單純的成型造型，沒有亮麗的色彩和手畫，只有吉祥與幸福的主題。後者是通過雙手揉捏成型，以京劇或崑曲複雜的精彩場面的爲基礎粘製成。每次奇蹟的誕生，精製泥人苦心孤詣創造的獨一無二的藝術品。其他有影響力的泥人產地是山東的高密，河北的北溝，河南和浚縣。
