美國中情局和中國的熊貓外交

In the late 1950s, US relations with Communist China were virtually nonexistent. Trade had been tightly controlled since China's intervention in North Korea in 1950, and, to deny Beijing any advantage from commercial or financial transactions, the Secretary of the Treasury issued strict regulations prohibiting the import of goods that originated in or had passed through Communist China. There were rarely any exceptions, even for pandas.

在上個世紀50年代，美國幾乎與中國共產黨沒有任何交流。自1950年抗美援朝戰爭開始，美國便嚴格控制與中國之間的貿易往來，並且拒絕給予北京任何商業或者金融交易上的便利。美國財政部出臺嚴格的法規，禁止進口原產地在中國或者經過中國運輸的貨物。即使是熊貓也不能例外。

In 1958, one frustrated animal importer tried a different tactic. He took his case to the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI), Allen Dulles.

1958年，一個飽受挫折的動物進口商採取了不同的策略。他把他的情況告訴了中情局局長艾倫·杜勒斯。

Heini Demmer, an Austrian animal dealer, and Frederik Zeehandelaar, a noted animal importer in New Jersey, wanted Dulles's help in obtaining permission from the Treasury to bring into the US a giant panda.

奧地利動物經銷商海尼·德默和新澤西州一個著名的動物進口商弗雷德裏克，想要獲得艾倫的幫助從而取得美國財政部同意進口熊貓的許可。

On January 10, 1958 Dulles received a note with Treasury's decision: Allowing Chi Chi to enter the US would "constitute a serious departure from the basic policies" laid out in the regulations. Moreover, a giant panda would receive a great deal of publicity and that would lead to a need for Treasury to make a public explanation of the reasons for granting an exception. Unless the DCI had other suggestions, the note stated, the matter was closed.

1958年1月10日，杜勒斯收到一份財政部決定的通知說：允許竒奇進入美國將"嚴重偏離"法規中羅列的"基本政策"。此外，熊貓來美勢必會受到大量宣傳，而將導致財政部需公開解釋允許例外的原因。通知中還說，除非中情局長有另外的建議，此事將不再考慮。

Treasury's resistance was not entirely unwarranted. Since the first live panda had been brought to the US in 1936 (registered aboard a ship as a puppy), the giant panda had captured the popular imagination—and become a potent political symbol.

財政部的抗拒並非是毫無道理的。自從1936年，第一隻活熊貓被帶到美國（上船時登記爲小狗），大熊貓便得到了美國大衆的歡迎，併成爲了強有力的政治象徵。

Madame Chiang Kai-shek, wife of the leader of the Republic of China, had dispatched a pair of the bears to the Bronx Zoo in 1941; arriving just after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, they became a symbol of a crucial wartime alliance.

中華民國總統夫人，蔣介石妻子宋美玲於1941年送了一對大熊貓給布朗克斯動物園（譯者注此動物園是世界十大動物園之一，位於美國紐約市）。它們到達的時間剛好是日本攻擊珍珠港後，它們也變成了這個戰時重要同盟關係的象徵。

During the decades after the Communist Chinese took control in 1949, as one historian of panda diplomat notes, they would "benefit from the careful deployment of captive pandas for explicitly political purposes

在1949年中共接管了中國的幾十年之間，正如一位研究熊貓外交的歷史學家所認爲的，中國通過大熊貓的部署從而獲得了政治利益。

The media manifested little patience with the political symbolism of pandas and seemed to have been unaware of Dulles's behind-the-scenes representations on Chi Chi's behalf. They were aware of the rejection, however, and their commentary was harsh.

當時媒體的報道似乎也驗證了人們對熊貓作爲政治象徵的不耐煩,而媒體似乎沒有意識到杜勒斯祕密代表了奇奇，但是媒體確實知道美國拒絕了熊貓,所以媒體發出了尖銳的評論。

"The clown of the animal world has been refused entry because it is a resident of Communist China. -----New York Times,May 7,1958

"動物世界的丑角被拒絕入境，因爲它是黨中國的居民。-----紐約時報，1958年5月7日

"The state department, despite pleas from leading zoos for clemency, argues that to admit the young panda – darling of animal lovers and toymakers – would violate the law forbidding trade with Communist China."

"儘管美國主要動物園請求寬大處理，但是美國國務院依然認爲如果讓熊貓—— 動物愛好者和玩具廠家的最愛——進入美國， 這樣做將違反禁止與共產主義中國貿易的法律"。

According to the Washington Post, "The majesty of the United States has been employed to exclude a giant panda from this zoos which have been bidding for him must be content merely to describe to their visitors what a panda is—or to pretend, in the fashion of the State Department attitude toward the Communist government in Peking, that he simply doesn't exist. Perhaps this sort of panda-ing to rigidity is what is needed to demonstrate the inanity of a policy based on fiction."

據華盛頓郵報報道，"美國的權威機構禁止大熊貓的進入......那些請求進口大熊貓的動物園只能滿足於僅僅向來訪者描述熊貓是什麼樣子的，或者像美國國務院對中國政府所實行的態度那樣，假裝根本就不存在所謂的大熊貓。 這樣的熊貓政策正好表明了美國對華政策的愚蠢。

"Spurned by Washington, Chi Chi made a triumphal tour of Europe, visiting Frankfurt, Copenhagen, and Berlin before finally winding up at the London Zoo. With the brief exception of a failed conjugal visit to Moscow, she lived there until July 1972.

"雖然遭到華盛頓的忽視，但是奇奇在歐洲還算順利，在訪問了法蘭克福、 哥本哈根和柏林之後終於落戶在倫敦動物園。後來前往莫斯科，她一直住在那裏直到1972年7月。

Just a few months before her death, two pandas—Hsing Hsing and Ling Ling—arrived in Washington, a gift from China after President Richard Nixon's visit to Beijing that year. Ironically, they entered the US through Dulles Airport, named after the same John Foster Dulles whose hatred of "Red China" had helped block Chi Chi's arrival.

就在她剛剛死的幾個月前，兩隻熊貓 — — 玲玲和興興 — — 抵達華盛頓，就在總統理查德 · 尼克松訪問北京那一年，這是中國送給美國的禮物。他們在美國杜勒斯機場下飛機，諷刺的是機場名字正是以約翰 · 福斯特 · 杜勒斯命名，就是那個仇恨"紅色中國"從而阻止奇奇來美國的人。