悲劇的誕生The Birth Of Tragedy 第57期:希臘人的執拗

It is an unimpeachable tradition that in its earliest form Greek tragedy records only the sufferings of Dionysus, and that he was the only actor.

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據確實無疑的傳說，雛型的希臘悲劇以酒神受難的事蹟爲唯一主題，而且在很長時期劇中唯一人物就是酒神狄奧尼索斯。

But it may be claimed with equal justice that, up to Euripides, Dionysus remains the sole dramatic protagonist and that all the famous characters of the Greek stage, Prometheus, Oedipus, etc., are only masks of that original hero.

然而，我們也很有把握地說，直到歐裏庇德斯時代，酒神一向是悲劇英雄，其實一切有名的希臘悲劇人物，普羅密修斯，奧狄浦斯等等，不過是原來的英雄狄奧尼索斯的化裝而已。

The fact that a god hides behind all these masks accounts for the much-admired "ideal" character of those celebrated figures.

這些化裝後面藏着一位神，這就是爲甚麼那些有名人物往往具有驚人的、典型的“理想性”的主要原因。

Someone, I can't recall who, has claimed that all individuals, as individuals, are comic, and therefore untragic;

我不知誰曾說過：任何個人作爲個人來說都是滑稽的，因而不是悲壯的；

which seems to suggest that the Greeks did not tolerate individuals at all on the tragic stage.

由此可見，希臘人一般不可能容忍個人出現在悲劇舞臺。