世界上十大今非昔比的城市(上)

There are countless reasons a once bustling location could be abandoned. War, climate change, famine, economic instability, even religion. Whatever the cause, these places have become shadows of their former selves, reminding us that everything will inevitably come to an end.

一個曾熙熙攘攘的地方被廢棄，這其中可能有千萬個原因。戰爭、氣候變遷、饑荒、經濟動盪，甚至還有宗教的因素。但不論什麼緣由，這些地方已成爲過去的影子，提醒着我們，所有的一切都將無可避免地消逝。

du Ghost City

10.豐都鬼城

Dating back more than 2000 years, this abandoned Chinese city is located on the banks of the Yangtze River and is considered by the locals to be the home of the devil and the entrance into the underworld. Fengdu is believed to have been founded during the Han Dynasty by two men, Yin and Wang, who became Taoist hermits.

豐都鬼城的歷史要追溯到兩千多年前的中國，這座如今已廢棄的城市位於長江岸邊。當地人認爲這裏是鬼怪盤踞之地，也是人類亡靈通往陰間的入口。豐都被認爲是由道教隱士陰長生和王方平兩人建立於漢代。

Later, during the Tang Dynasty (618-906 AD), Fengdu earned its reputation as a place where the dead reside and became a famous Taoist burial ground. This is also when it became common knowledge that Fengdu was home to the "King of Darkness," or "YinWang" after its two founders. Since the completion of the Three Gorges Dam the lower part of the city has been submerged underwater. That made access to the Ghost City for tourists much easier thanks to direct access from the Yangtze River. The upper temple complex has become a popular attraction, and is filled with bright statues depicting all sorts of devils and demons torturing souls in the afterlife. Among the many Taoist temples and shrines you can also find the stone statue of "The Ghost King," which holds the Guinness World Record for the biggest sculpture carved within a single rock.

到了唐朝（公元618年—公元906年），豐都更因作爲人類亡靈的歸宿而聞名，併成爲著名的道教徒的身後之地。也就在這時，豐都是"陰間之王"或者說是"陰王"的居所變得衆所周知。三峽大壩建成後，豐都城較爲低窪的地區從此長眠水底。如今通過長江這一水路，遊客們能更加便利地出入豐都鬼城。寺廟的上層建築已經成爲著名的旅遊景點，裏面滿是妖魔鬼怪的雕塑，描繪着它們折磨亡靈的情形。在衆多的道教寺廟和神龕之中，你還可以找到石頭雕像"鬼王石刻"。這是目前世界上最大的使用一整塊岩石雕刻而成的雕像，創造了吉尼斯世界紀錄。

koy

9.卡亞寇伊

An ancient deserted town near the Taurus Mountains in Southwestern Turkey, Kayakoy was once the home of over 20,000 Greeks. Today it lays in ruin due to political strife that took place almost a century ago. After World War I and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, Greece and Turkey plunged into their own war for land grabbing. The result was a mutual compulsory population exchange where some 200,000 Greeks and over 300,000 Turks were forcibly removed from their homes.

卡亞寇伊，這個被遺棄的古老村莊位於土耳其西南部，臨近托羅斯山脈。曾有兩萬多希臘人居住於此。將近一個世紀以前的政治紛爭讓卡亞寇伊成爲一片廢墟。在第一次世界大戰後奧斯曼帝國分裂，希臘和土耳其繼而陷入了爭奪土地的戰爭當中。第二次希土戰爭以雙方簽訂強制性人口互換協議告終。約20萬希臘人和30多萬土耳其人被迫背井離鄉。

Built in the 1700s with the original name of Karmylassos, the town's buildings are now roofless and weathered by neglect and the elements. An entire community of people who lived peacefully with their Muslim neighbors were sent to war-torn Greece to start anew and escape persecution for something they had nothing to do with. Today, the town's surviving 350 homes and two Christian Orthodox churches look ancient. They're a testament to how short our human legacy can be in the face of nature. A museum that tells the story of the town is all that's left in Kayakoy.

這個原名爲卡米拉索斯的村莊建造於18世紀。如今這裏的房屋都沒有了屋頂，經受着風吹雨打，又無人照看。原本和自己的穆斯林鄰居相安無事的村民，在第二次希土戰爭後，全被送回飽受戰爭蹂躪的希臘。他們不得不在希臘重頭開始，也是爲了避免與自身本無干系的迫害。如今，村裏殘存的三百五十幢房子和兩座東正教教堂看起來已經頗爲破敗。它們證明了人類的作爲在大自然面前是如此短暫脆弱。一座記載了該村莊歷史的博物館，已是卡亞寇伊僅存的所有。

orn Unique Skyscraper

8.沙吞"幽靈塔"

In the early 1990s, Thailand was experiencing one of its biggest booms in history. During this time of plenty, Bangkok began to show off its stability in the form of the construction of tall buildings. But Thailand's economic success came to an end during the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997 — the money literally ran out overnight, and construction of the Sathorn Unique Skyscraper stopped dead in its tracks just months before completion.

上世紀九十年代早期，泰國處於其歷史上發展的巔峯時期。在這段時期內，曼谷開始以建造高樓大廈的形式來炫耀其發展的穩健。但是 1997年亞洲金融風暴讓泰國在經濟上的成功戛然而止。資產幾乎一夜蒸發，沙吞"幽靈塔"的建造計劃在完工前的幾個月突然終止。

This 49 story residential complex sits all alone overlooking Bangkok's grand cityscape and the Chaopraya River. Entering it is forbidden and dangerous, with many floors collapsing at a mere touch. Today, Thailand has recovered and many other skyscrapers have risen. But Sathorn's fate remains uncertain, since finishing it would cost more than starting a new one. And then there's the fact that it has a reputation for being haunted…

這座 49 層高的住宅樓孤零零地立在那，飽覽着曼谷壯麗的城市風光和湄公河景緻。進入這幢爛尾樓是不被允許的也很危險，因爲只消輕輕碰觸，許多樓層就可能會倒塌。現在，泰國的經濟已經復甦，又出現了很多其它的摩天大樓。但是沙吞仍是前途未卜，因爲繼續完工會比建造一座新的摩天大廈花費更多。事實上，它更因鬧鬼的傳言而聞名。

sna Inclined Plane

7.科瓦斯納坡地

Located at the border between the former Austro-Hungarian Empire and the Romanian Principality, the small town of Covasna was an important industrial center for forestry and timber production. In 1890 an entire network of railways was constructed, connecting Covasna with the rest of the country.

科瓦斯納位於昔日奧匈帝國和羅馬尼亞公國之間的邊境地區。這個小小的城鎮是重要的林業中心和木材產地。1890年，鐵路網絡全面建成，將科瓦斯納和國內其它地區連接起來。

Within this network of railways, a system of pulleys was devised that could bring a wagon full of timber down a mountain slope while pulling an empty one up, relying solely on gravity to do its job. At the middle point the tracks branch off in order for the wagons to pass each other, after which they reunite. This simple yet brilliant feat of human ingenuity was unique at the time, and can only be found in just a couple of other places around the world. Unfortunately, in 1995 a furious storm hit the region, bringing down most of the woods and the timber industry with it. Local authorities and wealthy regional investors had talked about a plan to revive the network of railways and the inclined plane system itself for tourist purposes, but nothing has been done yet due in large part to the economic crisis of 2008.

在鐵路網內部，人們也設計發明了輪滑系統。這種系統使得滿載木材的車廂順着山坡下山的同時，另一輛空車也會被拉上山頂。這一過程僅僅依靠重力的作用。在中間處，軌道會分支從而使貨車相互岔開，在此之後軌道又會合一。這一非凡設計雖然簡單，卻體現了人類智慧的閃光，在當時是稀罕的。世界上也僅在少數幾處才能找到這種設計。然而不幸的是，一場猛烈的風暴於1995年席捲了這個地區，颳倒了大多數樹林，也摧毀了與之相關的木材工業。當地政府和一些富有的投資者曾商討重振鐵路網和斜面系統用作發展旅遊業。但這一切依舊沒有下文，這很大程度要歸罪於2008年的經濟危機。

h Brother Island

6.北兄弟島

Overlooking the East River just a few miles away from LaGuardia Airport, this once feared island is now completely forgotten by New Yorkers. Between the 1880s and 1930s it housed the Riverside Hospital, which was the last residence for many patients who suffered from smallpox, typhus, scarlet fever and leprosy. The notorious Typhoid Mary died there in 1938. Prior to its complete abandonment in 1963, the hospital was a rehab center for adolescent drug addicts.

俯視東河，距離拉瓜迪亞機場幾英里外的這座小島，曾一度讓人恐懼。紐約人如今已徹底把它忘記。19世紀80年代至20世紀30年代，紐約市的河邊醫院就在這座島上。許多天花，猩紅熱和麻瘋病的患者都在河邊醫院走完了最後一程。臭名昭著的傷寒病人瑪麗於1938年在島上逝世。在1963年的徹底倒閉以前，河邊醫院是青少年毒癮患者的康復中心。

Today, North Brother Island is essentially a nature reserve. The hospital still stands, but the inside is just a shell of what it once was. The windows are broken, the paint peeled off the walls and some roofs are collapsed. In 2008 the island came back into the public eye, when architect and photographer Christopher Payne documented the current state of the island.

現在，北兄弟島成爲了自然保護區。河邊醫院依舊存在，但內部只是空有其原來的外形。窗戶都破了，牆壁掉漆，一些屋頂也倒塌了。2008年，作爲建築師和攝影師的克里斯托弗·佩恩紀錄了島上的現狀，北兄弟島從此又重新回到了人們的視野當中。

校對：黃一凡；陳小樹 來源：前十網