如何提高閱讀能力？KWL閱讀方法來助力
KWL is intended to be an exercise for a study group or class that can guide you in reading and understanding a text.
KWL是一種閱讀練習，旨在爲學習小組或班級成員在閱讀和理解文本的過程中提供指導。
It is composed of only three stages that reflect a worksheet of three columns with the three letters：
其由三個階段組成，如下表所示：
What weKnow 所知 What weWant to know 想知 What weLearned 所學
◆K stands for Know
K代表瞭解
This first stage may surprise you:
第一階段或許會讓你感到驚訝：
Think first about, then list, what you know about the topic before reading!
開始閱讀之前先想一想關於這個主題你瞭解多少，然後列出來！
This advanced organizer provides you with a background to the new material, building a scaffold to support it.
在這裏你將獲得新的背景材料， 從而構建支架予以支撐。
Think of it as a pre-reading inventory.
閱讀前你還需要做的：
·Brainstorm!
頭腦風暴！
Before looking at the text, think of keywords, terms, or phrases about the topic, either in your class or a study group.
在看文本之前，小組或班級成員之間想一想關於該主題的關鍵詞、術語或短語。
·Record these in the K column of your chart until you cannot think of more.
把你所想到的全部記在表格的K欄裏。
·Engage your group in a discussion about what you wrote in the K column.
根據K欄所填內容小組成員間展開討論。
·Organize the entries into general categories.
將條目整理分類。
◆W stands for Will or Want
W代表意願
The second stage is to list a series of questions of what you want to know more of the subject, based upon what you listed in K.
第二階段，根據K欄的內容，羅列出一系列關於這個主題你還想了解的問題。
·Preview the text’s table of contents, headings, pictures, charts etc. Discuss what you want to learn
預覽文本的目錄、標題、圖片、表格等，就你想學習的內容進行討論。
·List some thoughts on what you want, or expect to learn, generally or specifically. Think in terms of what you will learn, or what do you want to learn about this.
就你想學習或期待了解的內容，把你的想法大體或詳細地寫下來。
·Turn all sentences into questions before writing them down. They will help you focus your attention during reading.
寫的時候轉換成問句。這在你閱讀的時候會幫助你集中注意力。
·List the questions by importance.
根據問題的重要性有次序的羅列出來。
◆L stands for Learned
L代表所學
The final stage is to answer your questions, as well as to list what new information you have learned. Either while reading or after you have finished.
最後階段就是在閱讀過程中或閱讀結束後回答你的問題以及列出你所瞭解到的新信息。
·List out what you learn as you read, either by section, or after the whole work, whichever is comfortable for you.
在閱讀過程中列出你所瞭解到的內容。
·Check it against the W column, what you wanted to learn.
對照W欄。
·Create symbols to indicate main ideas, surprising ideas, questionable ideas, and those you don’t understand!
針對觀點，主要的，意想不到的，存疑的以及不理解的，創造出一些符號來表示！
◆Expand this exercise beyond K W L:
擴展練習：
Add an H!
加一個H
Stands for HOW you can learn more.
即你怎麼樣才能學到更多。
·Pose new questions about the topic
就該主題提出一些問題。
·How can I learn more or answer questions not answered in my worksheet. These include other sources of information, including: organizations, experts, tutors, websites, librarians, etc.
我怎樣才能學到更多或回答表中未回答的問題。這些包括其它信息來源：機構組織，專家，導師，網站，圖書館等。
◆5 W's and an H
5個W和一個H
Another reading strategy is to answer the questions that form the basis of good journalism:
另一個閱讀策略是回答以下幾個問題，這些問題常用於記者報道。
Who What When Where Why and How
人物，事件，時間，地點，原因，過程
·Who are the main characters?
主要人物是誰？
·What does the author say happened?
作者闡述了什麼？
·Where did the action occur?
事情是在哪裏發生的？
·When did it happen or what is the span of time?
事情是什麼時候或時間段發生的？
·Why did this happen?
事情發生的原因是什麼？
·How did it happen?
事情是怎樣發生的？
