託福寫作中常用錯的5組詞彙
託福寫作詞彙中，有些相似詞義的詞彙，其實在用法上大相徑庭。爲了幫助考生避開誤區，儘量不在詞彙量上被扣分，下面是小編給大家帶來的託福寫作中常用錯的5組詞彙，希望能幫到大家!
一、compare與contrast的誤用
我們先從兩者的定義入手來看兩者的區別。Compare的定義爲：to examine people or things to see how they are similar or different. Contrast的定義爲：to compare two or more things to show the difference between them.由定義不難看出前者側重於找到兩個或多個事物的異同,而後者則側重於它們的不同。
看個例句：It is interesting to compare their situations to ours./It is interesting to contrast their situations to ours.
前一句翻譯爲：對比一下我們的情況與他們的情況會很有趣。
後一句的翻譯爲：我們的情況與他們的情況有很大的不同,這很有趣。
再看一個引自OXFORD ADBANCED LEARNER’S DICTIONARY的例子：
There is an obvious contrast between the culture of East and West.
The company lost $7 million in contrast to a profit of $6.2 million a year earlier.
When you look at their new system, ours seems very old-fashioned by contrast.
不難發現,Compare翻譯爲“與……相比”而contrast可譯爲“明顯不同的是……”，切記這種翻譯方式就不會用錯彼此了。
二、介詞使用錯誤
1、普通介詞的誤用
一般表現爲固定搭配錯誤,如常把provide sb with sth用成provide sb sth; be satisfied with用成be satisfied for等,雖然這樣的錯誤看似無傷大雅，但在考官眼裏就是影響順暢閱讀的,當然會影響最終成績。解決的辦法簡單而古老：把常見的固定搭配牢記於心,問題自然就解決了。
2、“to”作爲介詞的誤用
“to”最常見的用法是以動詞不定式符號的形式出現的,所以同學們也已經習慣了“to do”的固定搭配。對於一些如walk to me, to the left等介詞to表方向等常見用法一般也不會出現錯誤。但是對於與動詞搭配的介詞to就會經常犯錯：
如：More and more students have taken to depend on their parents to make decision for them.
這裏的‘take to’ means ‘to begin to do sth as a habit’其中‘to’爲介詞,所以後面只能接名詞或相當於名詞的詞,如動名詞。所以黑體處應改爲“depending on”。“take to”的另一個常用用法也需要牢記：
He hasn’t taken to his new school. (這裏‘take to’ means ‘to start liking sb or sth’)
Prefer A to B中的“to”也是介詞,會有prefer doing sth to doing sth/ prefer sth to sth else,“prefer to do sth rather than do sth”中的“to”可是真正的不定式符號。
類似的常用用法請同學們牢記：
Be used to doing
Be accustomed to doing
See to doing
Adapt to doing
Adjust to doing
prefer doing sth. to doing sth.
三、assume及claim使用不夠準確
我們知道, think, assume, claim是議論文中常用引出觀點的動詞。在實際作文中,同學們往往認爲幾個詞的意思是一樣的,完全可以代換,所以拿過來就用。甚至還有同學把consider也拿過來與之混用。我們首先還是從定義來看這幾個詞的不同：
Think： to have opinion or belief about sth.
翻譯爲“認爲”,通常接賓語從句來表達比較確定的觀點。
Assume： to think or accept that sth is true but without having proof of it.
翻譯爲“假設、假定”,是否有事實依據是不確定的。
Claim： to say sth is true although it has not been proved and other people may not believe it.
翻譯爲“聲稱”,用這個詞往往意味着不贊同緊跟其後的觀點,所以很少用作‘I claim that…
Scientist are claiming a breakthrough in the fight against cancer, but in fact, …。
所以‘It is claimed that’通常翻譯爲“有報道稱。。。”。和‘it is reported that ’的區別在於後者翻譯爲“據報道”,往往代表着作者贊同報告的內容,
Consider： to think about sth carefully, especially in order to make a decision
翻譯爲“考慮”,一般不用作引出觀點,看個例子：
We are considering buying a new car.
所以,千萬不要在託福寫作的第一段(觀點表達段)就因爲用詞把握不準而導致對整篇文章的低分印象。
四、表“建議”的詞彙後面忘記用虛擬從句
這是摘自學生託福作文中的一個病句：
I suggest he continues his study instead of working after graduation from high school.
因爲‘suggest’翻譯爲“建議”,所以後面的從句應該用虛擬語氣,黑體部分應該改爲“(should) continue”
所以考生一定要牢記以下常見表“建議”的詞彙,而且要記住這些詞接從句時要用虛擬語氣：
Recommend, suggest, advise
五、such as與for example的混用
我們知道,在表示舉例子的時候,such as與like是完全等同的,如：Wild flowers such as/like orchids and primroses are becoming rare.
但是同學們對於Such as、for example的把握還是不夠準確。我們都知道,後者接句子前者接詞語表示舉例子。於是就有了下面的寫法：
There is a similar word in many languages, such as in French and Italian.
這裏的such as改爲for example爲好,因爲“in French and Italian”其實是“there is a similar word in French and Italian”的簡化,所以要用for example來引出例證。再來看幾個類似的例子：
It is possible to combine computer science with other subjects, for example physics.
託福獨立寫作高分範文——投資道路還是公共交通
優秀的新託福寫作文章大家也一定看過不少，但是誰不想多儲備點文章呢?下面請看小編爲大家帶來的一篇經典寫作文章，希望同學們看完能夠有所啓發。
Should governments spend more money on improving roads and highways, or should governments spend more money on improving public transportation (buses, trains, subways)? Why? Use specific reasons and details to develop your essay.
託福寫作參考範文：
Should governments spend more money on improving roads and highways or on improving public transportations? There seems to be a difficult problem since many reasons should be ver, after carefully pondering it, I buttress the last one, spending the money on improving public transportation. The reasons are presented below:
There is no denying that improving the public transportation will surely alleviate the pollution given off by enormous cars. If a city has not a developed public transportation, the air will be polluted more heavily. What a dirty environment we will live in! Every day breathing into the air filled with the flour of the gasoline, seeing the sky with the dull color will be the title of our the essence of environment has been realized by an increasingly number of people, to the governments, the protection of environment is especially an undeniable mission.
Another reason I agree with it is that developed public transportation will decrease the frequency of the Traffic jams. Perhaps no worse word than “traffic jams” exists, to the businessmen who believe in “Time is money”. Traffic jams not only cost the people time and expense, but also create a bad mood for work. It greatly decreases the efficiency of the whole city. I imagine how can a city whose avenue full of traffic jams develop its economics?
Finally, I want to say that improving the public transportation provide a great number of ways of transportation for most of the poor people who can not afford to buy a car. It is known that our citizens is not made of only people who has the ability to own a car, but the very poor people are also included. I believe that however the technology is improved, the public apparatus should not be ignored, because it serves the people all over the city.
Nevertheless, the private transportation has its own advantages, for instance, it can save a lot of time in some cases, provide some convenience for people. But improving on roads and highways is advantageous only conditionally. Based on the above discussion, I agree with the opinion that the government should spend money on improving public transportation not only it can protect environment and save time for people, but it also can create a convenient environment for all the citizens.
其實對於考試本身來說，我們並不介意大家去背文章，因爲在一些經典文章中，我們能學到的東西有很多，比如說語法結構、句子的使用、觀點的表達等。所以說大家在備考的時候就要學會對文章進行分解，從而得到對自己真正有用的東西。
