託福寫作格式常見形式
託福寫作的複習中，大家對於寫作的格式也要有所瞭解。今天新東方在線託福網爲大家整理了一些考試常用到的寫作格式，幫助大家最好規範，爭取拿到寫作的高分。下面讓我們來看看詳細的內容：
託福寫作格式常見形式總結
第一種託福作文格式
Introduction
Background+ My Opinion / Layout
Body:
1. Opinion One/ Advantage
Topic sentence+ Reason One + Supporting Sentences
+ Reason Two + Supporting Sentences
2. Opinion Two/ Disadvantage
Topic sentence+ Reason One + Supporting Sentences
+ Reason Two + Supporting Sentences
+ Reason Three + Supporting Sentences
Conclusion:
Statement of My Opinion (for opinion two/ more disadvantages than advantages)
此類結構是雙邊傾向性結構，是雙邊結構中的一種。對大多數中國學生來說，雙邊結構較單邊結構最大的優點是論證過程比較容易擴展。雙邊論證指正文兩段分別論述下兩個觀點或優缺點。
可以做一個有趣的比喻，託福寫作中雙邊論證的結構就像是在打一場官司，引言段引出話題，可以看作是書記員來宣佈審理的案件，正文兩段分別是兩個觀點，可以理解爲被告和原告的辯護律師來列舉對自己有利的證據，結尾段得出觀點，即法官在總結了被告原告律師的發言後，得出自己的答案，同意哪一方，是否定罪。
第二種託福寫作格式
Introduction
Background+My Opinion
Body:
on One + Supportiong Sentences(ss表示)
on Two + SS
on Three + SS
Conclusion:
Restatement of My Opinion
上述結構中的supporting sentences在議論文中的體現方式是一些論證方法，如舉例子(exemplification)，對比對照(contrast& comparison)，列數據(raising figures)，讓步(making concession)等來對自己支持的觀點進行論證，使考官信服。
託福寫作中的高頻十大句型
第一：賓語從句
Eg: Some people claim that government should be mainly responsible for the environmental pollution.一些人認爲政府應對環境污染負主要責任。
第二：狀語從句
在託福寫作當中運用的最多的是以下五種狀語從句，即原因狀語從句，讓步狀語從句，條件狀語從句，時間狀語從句和目的狀語從句。
1.原因狀語從句
常由because, as, since和for引導。2013年托福考試寫作題型解讀託福臨考前複習，1月12日首場託福，Eg: Nonetheless, I am still in favor of space travel, for its merits far outweigh demerits.儘管如此，我還是贊成太空探險，因爲它的好處遠遠大於壞處。
2.讓步狀語從句常由although, though, even though/ if, as long as和not with standing引導Eg: Although this view is wildly held, this is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place.儘管這一觀點被廣泛接受，很少有證據表明教育能夠在任何地點、任何年齡進行。
3.條件狀語從句常由if, on the condition that和providing that引導Eg: If you want to achieve something or intend to fulfill one of your ambitions, you must work hard, make efforts and get prepared.假如你要取得成就或要實現你的雄心壯志，你必須努力工作、艱苦奮鬥、準備好條件。
4.時間狀語從句常由when和while引導Eg: When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.說到教育，大部分人認爲其是一個終生的學習。
5.目的狀語從句常由so that和in order that引導Eg: Millions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills and technology so that they can keep a favorable position in job market.成千上萬的人們不得不花費的精力和時間學習新的技術和知識，使得他們在就業市場能保持優勢。
第三：同位語從句
Eg: It is cars and factories that release a great deal of gases, polluting the environment.汽車和工廠排放大量的廢氣，使得環境被污染。
第四：主語從句
Eg: What has caught our attention is /It is noticeable that the environment in both the rural and urban areas is deteriorating.值得注意的是農村和城市的生態環境都在不斷惡化。
第五：定語從句
最常用的一種句型之一。適當地運用定語從句可以給你的文章增色不少。例如，下面的這兩個句子用上定語從句馬上就變成了一個漂亮的複雜句。Bad books contain evil thoughts. In them, there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex.改變後：Bad books, in which there might be much description about violence, superstition, and sex, contain evil thoughts.
第六：強調句
It is + 被強調的內容 + thatEg: It is cars and factories that release a great deal of gases, polluting the environment.汽車和工廠排放大量的廢氣，使得環境被污染
第七：倒裝句
Eg: Only if the government will take some appropriate measures, will this intractable problem be tackled.只有政府採取適當的措施，這個棘手的問題才能被解決。
第八：被動語態
Eg: Every means should be tried to protect the environment on which people live.人們應竭盡全力來保護我們賴以生存的環境。
第九：分詞結構
包括現在分詞和過去分詞。Eg: Tourism, which is a rising industry, has become the major source of economy, playing crucial role in many Asian countries.旅遊業是一個新興的行業，它成爲經濟的主要在很多東南亞國家起着尤爲重要的作用。
第十：插入語
一種獨立成分，與句子的其它成分一般沒有語法上的關係。大都是對一句話作一些附加說明或解釋。它通常由一個詞、一個短語或一個句子構成位置較爲靈活，可置於句首、句中或句末，一般用逗號或破折號與句子隔開。Eg: Computer, an indispensable part in our life, has brought us great conveniences.電腦，我們生活中必不可少的一部分，給我們帶來了極大的方便。
如何讓你的託福寫作大放異彩
閃光的託福作文包含四個要素：
1、完整性：句子結構完整，意義完整;
2、連貫性：句子各部分之間以及句子之間的關係緊密、協調，前後意思連貫，思想表達清楚有序;
3、簡潔性：言簡意賅;
4、多樣性：包括詞彙多樣性和句子多樣性。
以上四要素中，前三個要素是前提和基礎，比較容易做到;多樣性是對前三個要素的昇華，是作文閃光點的核心和關鍵所在。
託福詞彙多樣性：
詞彙貧乏是中國學生英語作文的通病。整篇作文一個詞用到底，從不作任何變化：一遇到“改變/變化”就是change，“影響”就是effect，“流行”就是popular，“認爲”就是think; 每逢“因爲”就是because，“意識到”就是realize，“想到”就是think of 等等。其實英語詞彙很豐富的，同一個意思可以由很多不同的方式表達。
句子多樣性：
單調的句式和結構、長度相近的句子使作文呆板單調，缺乏生動性和說服力;而靈活多變的句子樣式和結構則使作文語言生動，自然流暢，豐富多彩。具體包括以下幾個方面：
1長短句變換：簡單句、並列句和複合句交替運用
長句準確生動，長於說明推理;短句簡潔明快，意義明確，印象深刻，描述動作，表明主旨，總結歸納，非短句不可。既然各有所長，在寫作時應根據實際需要，交替使用簡單句、並列句和複合句，以達到“段間長短不一，全篇句式萬千”、豐富多樣的效果，給讀者以及閱卷老師以永恆的新鮮感。
2結構多樣化
我們學過非謂語動詞結構(包括不定式結構和分詞結構)，無動詞結構，分隔結構，比較結構，獨立結構，with複合結構，特殊否定結構，it結構，平行結構，強調結構，倒裝結構，等等。其中最爲神通廣大的是非謂語動詞結構，在句中或作主語、賓語，或作表語、賓語補足語，或作定語修飾名詞，或作狀語表示條件、原因、讓步、時間、方式、目的、結果、伴隨狀況等，不一而足。
非謂語動詞結構可以簡化大部分英語從句，產生語言簡練，結構豐富多樣的效果，請看下列轉化實例：
名詞從句可轉化爲非謂語動詞結構
1. That John won the marathon surprised us.
John’s winning the Marathon surprised us.
2. I have not decided whether I should vote for Clint.
I have not decided whether to vote for Clint.
定語從句可轉化爲非謂語動詞結構
1. The man (who is) standing at the gate is my English teacher.
2. The car (that was) repaired yesterday by him is my mother's.
3. The next train that arrives is from New York.
狀語從句可轉化爲非謂語動詞結構
1. After he had watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.
Having watered the garden, he began to mow the lawn.
2. When they are heated metals expand.
(When) Heated, metals expand.
3. Because I do not know what to do next, I want to ask for your advice.
Not knowing what to do next, I want to ask for your advice.
4. I spoke slowly and clearly in order that the audience could understand me.
…in order for the audience to understand me.
5. If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fail.
United, we stand; divided, we fail.
6. Though he has lived in Canada for tree years, he still cannot speak English well.
Having lived in Canada for three years, he still cannot speak English well.
無動詞結構也是閱卷老師喜歡看到的亮點，原因就在於由於漢語寫作慣性，中國學生很少能想到使用該結構。這種結構實質上是SVC結構的省略，包括形容詞無動詞結構、名詞無動詞結構(即同位結構)和介詞無動詞結構，往往放在句子開頭，以逗號同主句隔開，表示原因、條件、讓步、補充說明，伴隨狀況等意義。請看下列例子：
形容詞無動詞結構
1. Big and fat, Victor went to the Gym(健身館) every Sunday morning.(原因)
2. Speechless, Henry nodded and sat on a folding seat.(伴隨狀語)
3. Anxious for a quick decision, the chairman called for a vote.(原因)
4. (Although)always helpful, he was not much liked by people.(讓步)
5. It has little taste, unless hot.(條件)
名詞無動詞結構
6. A fellow Georgian(佐治亞人), Jordan was well-known as a friend of the President.(同位語)
7. Bank loan or no bank loan, we’ll buy the house.(讓步)
8. Whatever the reason, his cordiality(誠懇)to her has won him a friend.(讓步)
介詞無動詞結構
9. Because of his mistake several people died.(原因)
10. Without his sister’s money, Harry would never be a doctor.(條件)
由於寫作慣性，同學們寫英語作文時，很可能不會想到上述結構，而是寫成分句，例如上述例1和例2可能寫成：
1b. Because he was big and fat, Victor went to the Gym every Sunday morning.
2b. Henry nodded and sat on a folding seat, and kept speechless.
相比之下不難發現，無動詞結構比分句效果更好，更地道，更簡練，同時又豐富了作文的句子結構，不僅讓讀者和閱卷老師爲之眼前一亮!
3主語多樣化
中國人習慣於用人稱主語，而英語中則常用無靈主語(inanimate subject)，即無生命的事物作主語，如：
last two decades has witnessed earth-shaking changes in China.
中國在過去的二十年中發生了翻天覆地的變化。
2. A strange peace came over her when she was alone.
她獨處時感到一種特別的安寧。
3. I am very sorry that the pressure of other occupations has prevented me from sending an earlier reply to your letter.
由於我近來事務繁忙，沒能給於及早回覆，對此我表示深深的歉意。
4. The smallest excuse would have served.
其實，你隨便找個哪怕最小的藉口就可以了。
5. That night sleep eluded me.
那天晚上我徹夜未眠。
6. The old house has seen better days.
這座老房子的主人曾過着更好的生活。
7. Everything at the party spoke of careful planning.
派對上的一切都說明主人進行了精心策劃。
8.A terrible thought suddenly struck me—had I locked the door?
我突然產生了一個可怕的想法——我鎖門了嗎?
9. When he had to speak, his confidence suddenly deserted him.
等到不得不說話時，他卻突然沒了信心。
在英語中沒有生命的事物作主語，來作爲動作的發出者是相當普遍的現象，幾乎和人稱主語句平分秋色。但由於受漢語思維的束縛，我們往往覺得人作主語更自然，因此大多數情況下，我們中國學生不假思索地採取漢語的思維去表達，如上述例1、例5和例9，很可能會寫作如下的樣子：
1b. Great changes have taken place in China in the last two decades.
5b. I failed to fall into sleep that night.
5c. I kept awake all through that night.
9b. When he had to speak, he suddenly lost confidence.
我們既然已經瞭解了英語的這種獨特思維，寫託福作文時，我們要有意識地按照英語的思維去表達，這樣不僅能寫出地道的英語句子，也避免了作文中千篇一律的“人”主宰一切的枯燥和沉悶的氛圍。
4開頭多樣化
開頭除了使用主語外，還可以用各種各樣的結構
1. An expert in forest fire control, the forest ranger talked to the campers about safety in the woods.同位語
2. Angry, Mr. Boyd began to defend his reputation with strong arguments.形容詞短語
3. Tired and dirty, the boys returned to the camp.形容詞短語
4. Jogging every day, I soon increased my energy level.現在分詞短語
5. Troubled by a dream, Tim woke up with a start.過去分詞
6. To succeed in that course, you must attend every class.不定式短語
7. In the scientific laboratory, Madame Curie was an industrious worker.介詞短語
8. Because he was tired and discouraged, he did not want to rewrite the paper.原因狀語句
9. What you impulsively do in haste you may regret( )in leisure.賓語從句提前
5運用修辭手法：排比;對偶
1. I came, I saw, I conquered. 我來了，我看了，我征服(凱撒大帝語)
2. He was well-known, well-respected, and well-loved.
3. The proof of gold is fire; the proof of woman, gold; the proof of man, a woman.火可以檢驗真金，金子可以檢驗女人，而女人可以檢驗男人。
4. Government of the people, by the people and for the people shall not perish from the earth.這個民有、民主、民享的政府永遠也不會從地球上消失
5. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. (摘自馬丁·路德·金的著名演說I Have a Dream)
6. The power of French literature is in its prose writers; the power of English literature is in its poets.法國文學長於散文;英國文學優於詩歌。
7. A long journey tests a horse’s strength; a long acquaintance shows a man’s heart. 路遙知馬力，日久見人心。
以上例句中，前五個運用排比修辭格，節奏優美，語勢強烈，感染力強;後兩句運用這些的祕訣可以稱爲金科玉律(Golden Rules)，卻一點也不復雜，對偶修辭格，言簡意賅，意義雋永。掌握了上述方法將會讓你的託福作文語言大放異彩。
託福寫作格式常見形式總結
