新託福閱讀考試中5種常見的倒裝句式

倒裝句在託福閱讀中十分常見，那麼託福閱讀的倒裝句都有哪些形式呢?下面是本站爲大家帶來的託福備考經驗 5種常見的倒裝句式，希望能夠幫助大家更好的備考託福閱讀。

新託福閱讀考試中5種常見的倒裝句式

r等具有否定意義或否定形式的詞或詞組位於句首時用倒裝。

常見詞或詞組有： not, never, rarely, little, hardly, seldom, on no account, by no means, neither, nor …

因此，對於倒裝句“…not until the second of December did they kill their first elk.”來說，第一步先把句子變成正常語序，即把not的位置還原，第二步再理解句子。那麼這個句子就變成“…they did not kill their first elk until the second of December。” “not…until”表示“直到……才”，因此句子意思爲：他們直到第二年的十二月才殺死了第一批麋鹿。

2.當“only+狀語”位於句首時表強調使用倒裝。

例句：Only recently have investigators considered using these plants to clean up soil and waste sites…(TPO5-1 Minerals and Plants)

解析：該句是only+recently(時間狀語)位於句首引起的倒裝，因此該句變成正常語序爲：“Investigators have only recently considered using these plants to clean up soil and waste sites…”,意思爲：研?a href="">咳嗽弊罱趴悸鞘褂謎廡?a href="">植物清理土壤和垃圾場。

3.爲加強語氣“so/such…that”結構中的so或such位於句首時用倒裝。

例句：“So admired were these pieces that they encouraged the development of earthenware made in imitation of porcelain and instigated research into the method of their manufacture.(TPO10-1 Chinese Pottery)

解析：該句是“so…that”結構中的so位於句首引起的倒裝，因此該句變成正常語序爲：“These pieces were so admired that they encouraged the development of earthenware made in imitation of porcelain and instigated research into the method of their manufacture.”意思爲：這些藝術品受到極高的讚賞，於是他們鼓勵製陶來仿製瓷器，並激勵人們研究製作方法。

4.主語較長，爲使句子平衡或強調，倒裝表語或狀語。

這種倒裝句通常是介詞短語、形容詞(短語)和分詞(短語)位於句首。

如：

By his sides is his wife who is very elegant and beautiful.(在他旁邊是他美麗優雅的妻子)

Green are the clouds in the sky and faded are leaves on the ground.(碧雲天，黃葉地)

Sitting in the class are students who come from all across the China.(坐在教室裏的學生來自中國各地)

例句：Missing until recently were fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.(OG The Origins of Cetaceans)

解析：該句的主語是“fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans.”其中“intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans”(哺乳動物和海洋鯨魚之間過渡性)是“fossils”的定語。由於該句主語過長，爲了使句子平衡，把表語“Missing until recently”置於句首引起倒裝句。該句變成正常語序爲：“Fossils clearly intermediate, or transitional, between land mammals and cetaceans were missing until recently.”意思爲“哺乳動物和海洋鯨魚之間過渡性的化石現在找到了。”

5. 如果虛擬條件句的謂語部分含有were, had, 或should, 可以把他們放到句首,省略連詞if,變成倒裝句。

例句1：In contrast, should another ice age occur, sea level would drop drastically.(TPO15-3 Glacier Formation)

解析：對於這種倒裝句的處理是：第一步，把if還原;第二部，理解句子。因此if還原之後該句變成：“In contrast, if another ice age should occur, sea level would drop drastically.”由if引導的從句“should occur”的使用可知，該句是對將來的虛擬。意思爲：對比之下，如果再次發生冰川世紀，海平面將會大大下降

例句2：Their significance may have remained clear had the Chinese not come under foreign influence.(TPO10-1 Chinese Pottery 11題)

解析：該句是把條件從句放在了句子後面，if還原之後變成：“Their significance may have remained clear if the Chinese had not come under foreign influence.”由“had not come” 的使用可知該句是對過去的虛擬，意思爲：如果中國沒有受到外國的影響，它們的重要性可能保持清晰。”

基礎薄弱如何應考雅思閱讀

如果翻開這些把題全都做過一遍但是成績依然不高的考生的書，一般都會看到，書的原文部分除了一些簡單的標記以外，基本是乾乾淨淨的，只有在後面題目處寫了答案和改正後的答案。做完題書依然保持這個狀態的同學的做題狀態不難推斷：熱情滿滿地拿起一篇文章的題就做，做完後趕緊對答案，對完後發現有很多錯誤，信心指數馬上直線下降，於是把正確答案草草寫上，把書扔在一邊，然後由衷的發出一聲感嘆：閱讀真難!事實上，以這個狀態做題，對提高閱讀成績不會有任何幫助，反而是在“浪費”寶貴的真題。那怎麼樣使用真題纔是正確的呢?

首先，要明確一個概念，單詞基礎非常薄弱的同學最好不要直接用真題進行練習，而是要選擇一些以夯實基礎爲主的教材入手，認真進行一段時間的單詞語法及基本解題思路的積累，再開始接觸劍橋雅思真題。在用真題練習時，目標不僅僅是做練習，而是要把真題的作用發揮到最大。

使用真題應該分爲以下五個階段進行：

第一階段——做題。

在具備了一定單詞量的情況下，先根據老師指導的解題思路認真做題，做完後覈對答案;

第二階段——更正錯題。

更正錯題並不是把正確答案寫上就可以了，而是要想明白自己到底爲什麼錯了，是定位不準確?同義替換沒有識別出?還是乾脆單詞不認識?識別出自己的問題後，認真按照正確答案的指引再從頭把這道題思考一遍，如果是同義替換或者單詞的問題，要立即把影響答案的單詞或替換記下來;

第三階段——積累同義替換。

這一步對於提高閱讀速度和單詞量都非常重要。在做完題並且思考清楚錯題的基礎上，用題目和原文相關位置進行比對，因爲題目和原文都是對應同義替換的關係，(特別是在summary題型中，這種對應尤其明顯)所以必然會發現很多同義替換形式，要立即積累。

第四階段——精讀。

這一步做完後真題才能算真正是被“榨乾”了，精讀也是真正能夠提高閱讀能力和閱讀成績的“王道”。在做完題、積累完同義替換後，需要把原文從頭到尾精讀一遍，遇到不認識的單詞先不查字典，自己根據上下文的意思猜測，最後再查，一般會發現自己猜測的意思和字典裏的意思不會差的特別多。這樣在原文中積累單詞，有上下文有語境，效果會比較好。

最後一個階段是針對想衝刺高分的同學的——背句子。

在精讀完成後，想在寫作中拿高分的同學可以選擇一些結構或用詞好的句子進行背誦，因爲真題的文章都非常地道，這些句子用在寫作中會成爲亮點，對寫作大有幫助。

託福閱讀句子簡化題例題整理

句子簡化題(Sentence Simplification)：

考查讀者認定文章中某一特定複雜句子所傳達的基本內容，並不受細枝末節的干擾，用簡化的句子表達原句基本內容的能力。

例題

. . . Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts according to the materials used to construct them—clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal—it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the “applied arts.” Approaching crafts from the point of view of function, we can divide them into simple categories: containers, shelters, and supports. There is no way around the fact that containers, shelters, and supports must be functional. The applied arts are thus bound by the laws of physics, which pertain to both the materials used in their making and the substances and things to be contained, supported, and sheltered. These laws are universal in their application, regardless of cultural beliefs, geography, or climate. If a pot has no bottom or has large openings in its sides, it could hardly be considered a container in any traditional sense. Since the laws of physics, not some arbitrary decision, have determined the general form of applied-art objects, they follow basic patterns, so much so that functional forms can vary only within certain limits. Buildings without roofs, for example, are unusual because they depart from the norm. However, not all functional objects are exactly alike; that is why we recognize a Shang Dynasty vase as being different from an Inca vase. What varies is not the basic form but the incidental details that do not obstruct the object’s primary function . . .

Which of the following best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence? Incorrect answer choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. Functional applied-art objects cannot vary much from the basic patterns determined by the laws of physics.

B. The function of applied-art objects is determined by basic patterns in the laws of physics.

C. Since functional applied-art objects vary only within certain limits, arbitrary decisions cannot have determined their general form.

D. The general form of applied-art objects is limited by some arbitrary decision that is not determined by the laws of physics.

正確答案：A