口譯速記符號
常見的口譯速記符號有：S=sum；f=frequency；cf=compare；e.g.=example；dept=department；dem=democracy；pol=politics；lib=liberal等等。
註記符號和縮寫
Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.
S = sum
f = frequency
Leave out periods in standard abbreviations.
cf = compare
e.g. = example
dept = department
Use only the first syllable of a word.
pol = politics
dem = democracy
lib = liberal
cap = capitalism
Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.
pres = presentation
subj = subject
ind = individual
cons = conservative
Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.
assoc = associate
biol = biology
info = information
ach = achievement
chem = chemistry
max = maximum
intro = introduction
conc = concentration
min = minimum
rep = repetition
Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.
ppd = prepared
prblm = problem
estmt = estimate
bkgd = background
gvt = government
Use an apostrophe in place of letters.
am't = amount
cont'd = continued
gov't = government
educat'l = educational
Form the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.
chpts = chapters
egs = examples
fs = frequencies
intros = introductions
Use g to represent ing endings.
ckg = checking
estg = establishing
decrg = decreasing
exptg = experimenting
Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.
& = and
w/ = with
w/o = without
vs = against
= therefore
= = is or equal
Use technical symbols where applicable.
o = degrees
H2O = water
More reference:
Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:
+ plus
// parallel
Use only the first syllable of a word. Examples:
mar —— marketing
cus —— customer
cli —— client
Use the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:
subj —— subject
budg —— budget
ind —— individual
To distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:
tech'gy ——technology
gen'ion—— generalisation
del'y ——delivery
Use just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:
assoc ——associated
ach ——achievement
info—— information
Omit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:
bkgd—— background
mvmt ——movement
prblm—— problem
Spell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:
in but as key
Use symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:
@ —— at
2 —— to
4—— for
& —— and
w/—— with
w/o —— without
vs —— against
Other Symbols and Abbreviations
as a result of / consequences of <--->
resulting in --->
and / also +
equal to / same as =
following ff
most importantly *
less than <
greater than >
especially esp/
常用英語縮略詞表
縮略詞 —— 原詞
APT —— Apartment
ACC —— Accountant
ACDG —— According
ACPT —— Accept
AD —— Advertisement
ADS —— Address
ADV —— Advice
AMAP —— As much/many as possible
AMT —— Amount
APV —— Approve
ASAP —— As soon as possible
BAL —— Balance
BLDG —— Building
CERT —— Certificate
CFM —— Conform
CNCL —— Cancel
CNF —— Conference
CMI —— Commission
CMP —— Complete
CMPE —— Compete/competitive
CMU —— Communication
COND —— Condition
CO. —— Company
DEPT —— Department
DISC —— Discount
DPT —— Departure
EXCH —— Exchange
EXPLN —— Explain
EXT —— Extent
FLT —— Flight
FNT—— Final
FRT —— Freight
FYR—— For your reference
GD —— Good
GUAR —— Guarantee
H.O. —— Home office
INFO —— Information
IMPS —— Impossible
IMP(T) —— Important
INCD —— Include
INDIV —— Individual
INS —— Insurance
INTST —— Interested
I/O —— In stead of
IOU —— I owe you
IVO —— In view of
MANUF —— Manufacture
MDL —— Model
MEMO —— Memorandum
MGR —— Manger
MIN —— Minimum
MKT —— Market
MSG —— Message
NCRY —— Necessary
NLT —— No later than
OBS —— Observe
OBT —— Obtain
ORD —— Ordinary
PAT—— Patent
PC —— Piece
PKG —— Packing
PL —— People
PLS —— Please
POSN —— Position
POSS(BL) —— Possible
PROD —— Product
QLTY —— Quality
QUTY —— Quantity
RCV —— Receive
REF —— Reference
REGL —— Regular
REP —— Representative
RESN —— Reservation
RPT —— Repeat
RESPON —— Responsible
SEC —— Section
SITN —— Situation
STD —— Standard
TEL —— Telephone
TEMP —— Temporary
TGM —— Telegraph
THO —— Though
TKS —— Thanks
TRD —— Trade
TRF —— Traffic
TTL —— Total
U —— You
UR —— Your
WK —— Week
WL —— Will
WT —— Weight
XL —— Extra large
字母和圖像
Z 表示"人"people/person，因爲"Z"看上去像個人頭，它通常被寫在一個詞或符號的右上角。
例如：日本人：JZ。
C 表示政府，統治：government，govern 希臘字母C 讀/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C 來表示govern, government。
governmental official 可以表示爲 CZ
P 表示政治：politics, political 希臘字母P 讀/pai/,近似politics, political。
那麼politician 就可以表示爲 PZ
E 表示總數：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 數學符號表示總值。
G 表示效率：efficient, effective。G 爲效率符號。
Q 表示"通貨膨脹"：inflation 因爲這個符號酷似一個上升的氣球。
A 表示農業: agriculture. agriculture 經常用到，所以用首字母代替。
B 表示商業：business。
C× 表示衝突，矛盾：conflict， confrontation "C×"中的"×"表示反對，字母"C"將反對的概念縮小爲conflict 和 confrontation。
W 表示工作，職業: work, employ 等。它是work 的第一個字母。所以WZ 就可以用來表示worker, 而W(Z 在字母上方表示employer, 在字母下方表示employee)。
i 表示工業: industry, industrial 字母i 像只煙囪，所以用來可以用來表示工業。
U U看酷似一個酒杯，在筆記中表示合同、協議（treaty, agreement）一般只有在談判成功、協議成交後纔會表示"舉杯祝賀"。如果在U 內填入2××××，就可以表示爲bilateral（雙邊的）,填入3 表示爲trilateral(三邊的)。填入在U 中填入1 表示: Unilateralism（單邊主義），填入m(multiple) 表示多邊主義。如果在U 上加一個"/"××××表示談判破裂。
O 表示"國家"、"民族"、"領土"等：country, state, nation, 表示進口，Og 表示出口
C 這個符號酷似一把椅子，可以表示主持、主辦：chair, host, preside overZ 表示主席，主持人：chairman, host, etc.
T 表示"領導人"：leader, head 那麼head of government, head of company 便可以表示爲 CT
⊙ 圓圈表示一個圓桌，中間一點表示一盆花，這個符號就可以表示會議、開會等：meeting，conference， negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposium
k 這個符號看上像條魚，所以表示"捕魚業"等合fishery 有關的詞彙。
O 圓圈代表地球，橫線表示赤道，所以這個符號就可以表示國際的、世界的、全球的等:
international, worldwide, global, universal, etc.
J 表示開心：pleasant, joyful，happy，excited, etc.
數字符號、標點符號
數學符號
+ 表示"多": many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.
++(+2) 表示"多"的比較級：more
+3 表示"多"的最高級：most
－ 表示"少": little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.
× 表示"錯誤"、"失誤"和"壞"的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.
> 表示"多於"概念：
bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.
表示"高" 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.
< 表示"少於"概念：less/smaller，etc.
表示"低"概念：inferior to，etc.
= 表示"同等"概念：means，that is to say， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.
表示"對手"概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.
( ) 表示"在......之間"：among, within, etc.
≠ 表示"不同"概念：be different from, etc.
表示"無敵"概念：matchless, peerless, etc.
～ 表示"大約"概念：about/around，or so， approximately, etc.
/ 表示"否定"，"消除"等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.
標點等
: 表示各種各樣"說"的動詞：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.
? 表示"問題"：question，issue，例如：臺灣問題：tw?
. (dot) 這個"."點的位置不同表示的概念也不一樣".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago。
"y"表示this year, "y2." two year later"next week", 可以表示爲"wk."
∧ 表示轉折
√ 表示"好的"狀態，right/good，famous/well-known，etc.
表示"同意"狀態，stand up for，support， agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc.
☆ 表示"重要的"狀態：important，exemplary（模範的） best，outstanding，brilliant，etc.
n 表示"交流"狀態：exchange，mutual, etc.
& 表示"和"，"與"：and，together with，along with， accompany，along with，further more，
etc.
∥ 表示"結束"：end，stop，halt，bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.
較長單詞的處理辦法
-ism 簡寫爲 m 例如：socialism Sm
-tion 簡 簡寫爲 n 例如：standardization (標準化) stdn
-cian 簡 簡寫爲 o 例如：technician techo
-ing 簡寫爲 g 例如：marketing (市場營銷) MKTg
-ed 簡寫爲 d 例如：accepted acptd
-able/ible/ble 簡寫爲 bl 例如：available avbl
-ment 簡寫爲 mt 例如：amendment amdmt
-ize 簡寫爲 z 例如：recognize regz
-ful 簡寫爲 fl 例如：meaningful mnfl
