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託福閱讀中句子簡化你懂了嗎

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句子簡化題型常常在託福閱讀中出現,下面小編給大家分享一些方法,幫助你們攻克它。

ing-bottom: 100%;">託福閱讀中句子簡化你懂了嗎

託福閱讀的句子簡化

1、找原句邏輯:

找邏輯連接詞詞,常見邏輯連接詞:

轉折:but, however, yet, nevertheless

讓步:although,though,even though, despite,in spite of

比較對比:more/less than, as…as , while, whereas, unlike

條件:if, only if, except, unless, provide that, as long as

因果: because (of) ,since, as, why, for, therefore, hence, thus, consequently, lead to, as a result (of),result in, result from, reason, A contribute to B, attribute/ascribe A to B, explain, come from, so A that B,A be responsible for B

2、找原句主幹:

誰做什麼,誰是什麼 (一般刪掉修飾語:定語從句,介詞短語結構,時間地點狀語)。

注意:若兩個句子有對比關係,因爲兩個分句中被比較的事物本質可能都差不多,所以表修飾的定語從句纔是關鍵,這時候定語時關鍵。

3、對比選項選答案:

排除有明顯與主要信息矛盾的選項了,排除無中生有的邏輯。

除了以上提到的託福閱讀句子簡化題答題技巧外,解答託福閱讀句子簡化題一定要掌握好語法,希望大家在接下來的備考環節能夠熟練應用以上技巧。

託福閱讀句子化繁爲簡的方法

託福閱讀中大家最煩的就是長難句,不僅影響理解還浪費不少時間,其實對於託福閱讀句子大家要學會化繁爲簡,這也是託福閱讀備考要重點學習和理解的地方,希望下面的介紹能給大家一些啓發。

1. 簡單句定義:

託福閱讀備考練習中如果句子只包含一個主謂結構,句子各個成分都只由單詞或短語表示。

2. 分析方法:

對於難度較大的託福閱讀簡單句,閱讀的基本方法是確定句子的主、謂、賓,找出句子的主幹,忽略其他的成分,將長句變成短句,新託福閱讀要學會將句型結構複雜的句子變成句型結構簡單的句子。

3. 複雜的簡單句解析:

(1)不定式及不定式短語做主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語

例 hold people accountable for their actions is important.

中文譯文:督促人們爲自己的行爲負責是十分重要的。

結構分析:不定式短語to hold people accountable for their action 做主語。

(2)動名詞及動名詞短語做主語、表語、賓語

例2. It involves probing for deeply rooted concerns, devising creative solutions,and making trade-offs and compromises where interests are opposed.

中文譯文:它涉及到探究深層次的關注,想出有創造性的解決方案,以及當利益矛盾時,做出交易和妥協。

結構分析:這是一個簡單句。主語是it,謂語是involves,三個動名詞短語做賓語(屬於平行結構)。在閱讀中經常出現“a and b”或“a or b”的形式,其中a 與b 同義或近義,所以只要認識其中一個詞就能猜測出另一個詞的大致意思。例如:trade-off and compromises。

(3)後置定語

例3. The most common procedure for doing this is negotiation,the act of communication intended to reach agreement.

中文譯文:做這件事最常用的方法是談判,一種想要達成一致的交流的行爲。

結構分析:The most common procedure for doing this 是主語從句;過去分詞短語intended to reach agreement 是the act of communication 的後置定語,the act of communication intended to reach agreement 是negotiation的同位語,對negotiation 進行解釋。

 託福閱讀中的長難句簡化原則

託福閱讀中有着幾種題型是每次考試都愛出現的,其中託福閱讀試題中的句子簡化題便是一個,這種託福閱讀題如果不會正確的方法可能會耽誤不少時間,下面就來詳細介紹一下這個問題。

句子簡化的託福閱讀試題可分爲兩種類型,那解答這種託福閱讀題的方法也相應不同:

第一種是有邏輯關係的句子。那就需要分辨是哪一種邏輯關係,常見的邏輯關係有三種:轉折、因果和比較;第二步就是要確定邏輯關係的雙方:假如是因果關係就需要確定原因和結果分別是什麼。錯誤選項往往會因果倒置;假如是轉折關係就需要確定作者更強調哪一部分信息。錯誤選項往往把次要信息放在主要的位置上(如but後面);如果是比較關係的話,就需要確定比較的雙方,比較的內容和比較的結果。錯誤選項往往把比較結果弄反。

有些託福閱讀題型句子邏輯和答案邏輯是相對應的,優先用邏輯解題比較簡單,可以迅速正確解題,如例1。

Example 1 TPO5-2 The Origin of the Pacific Island People

Contrary to the arguments of some that much of the pacific was settled by Polynesians accidentally marooned after being lost and adrift, it seems reasonable that this feat was accomplished by deliberate colonization expeditions that set out fully stocked with food and domesticated plants and animals.

9. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

○ Some people have argued that the Pacific was settled by traders who became lost while transporting domesticated plants and animals.

○ The original Polynesian settlers were probably marooned on the islands, but they may have been joined later by carefully prepared colonization expeditions.

○ Although it seems reasonable to believe that colonization expeditions would set out fully stocked, this is contradicted by much of the evidence.

○ The settlement of the Pacific islands was probably intentional and well planned rather than accidental as some people have proposed.

先看原句,contrary to表示一個與主幹部分相反的附加信息,主幹部分在逗號之後,後半句說看起來合理的是這個壯舉是由精心準備的殖民遠征實現的,他們滿載食物和動植物。原句中出現了一個表示相反的邏輯關係。選項中只有C和D含有轉折關係。C說盡管看起來帶着充足的食物殖民遠征是合理的,但是這被很多證據反駁。原句中並沒有體現用證據來反駁,所以C不正確。選項D中的intentional and well planed對應原句的deliberate,rather than 對應原句開頭的contrary to,原文就是否定了意外,支持了精心準備,所以D正確。

但是有時會發現光靠邏輯去解題,有時不會簡單甚至會錯誤,因爲有時邏輯對了但語義不對,但有些邏輯發生了改變但是卻是正確選項,如例2所示。

Example 2 TPO3-3 The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystems

Many ecologists now think that the relative long-term stability of climax communities comes not from diversity but from the “patchiness” of the environment, an environment that varies from place to place supports more kinds of organisms than an environment that is uniform.

h of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incurred choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

○Ecologists now think that the stability of an environment is a result of diversity rather than patchiness.

○Patchy environments that vary from place to place do not often have high species diversity.

○Uniform environments cannot be climax communities because they do not support as many types of organisms as patchy environments.

○A patchy environment is thought to increase stability because it is able to support a wide variety of organisms.

先看句子,有not…but…錶轉折,如果先通過邏輯去做題,那就直接把正確的D選項直接排除掉了,A,B,C都有rather than,not,not等,顯然這個方法是不行的,所以還得靠主幹來做題。

句子中間逗號隔開,逗號之前是environment,之後是對environment的解釋,所以這個句子的重點在前半句,說許多的生態學家現在認爲 C羣落的長期穩定性不是來源於多樣性,而是來源於P環境。因此這句話的核心就是P對穩定性的決定作用。只有D與原句吻合,說P環境可以被認爲增加穩定性,因爲它可以支持廣泛的各種各樣的有機體,because後面的原因與原句後半句對應。

選項A說: 生態學家現在認爲穩定性來源於多樣性而不是P。與原文相反。

選項B說: P沒有多樣性。不對,原文P環境能支持更多的物種,且它沒有說P和穩定性的關係,也不對;

選項C說: 統一的環境不可能是C羣落,因爲它們不能像P一樣支持許多種類的有機體,主語Uniform environments出現在原句後半句,不是句子核心,所以一定不對。

第二種類型是沒有邏輯關係的句子,那就需要確定句子的主幹成分。確定句子的主謂賓,修飾部分先不看,根據主幹成分去確定選項(正確選項往往是原文的主動變被動、語序顛倒或同義替換)。假如有超過一個選項符合句子的主幹成分,再去看句子的修飾成分信息是否一致。錯誤選項往往是把原文次要信息當作主要信息來講;或描述錯誤信息、無中生有信息等。

Example 3 TPO4-1 Deer Populations of the Puget Sound

h of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

In addition to finding increase of suitable browse, like huckleberry and vine maple, Arthur Einarsen, longtime game biologist in the Pacific Northwest, found quality of browse in the open areas to be substantially more nutritive.

○Arthur Einarsen’s longtime family with the Pacific Northwest ?helped ?him discover areas where deer had an increase in suitable browse.

○Arthur Einarsen found that deforested feeding grounds provided deer with more and better food(browse).

○Biologist like Einarsen believe it is important ?to find additional open areas with suitable browse for deer to inhabit.

○According to Einarsen, huckleberry and vine maple are examples of vegetation that may someday improve the nutrition of deer ?in the open areas of the Pacific Northwest.

句子無明顯邏輯,抓住幹,句子有很多逗號,我們要先找到句子主語。開頭in addition to是附加信息不會是主語,後面like舉例子也不會是主語,再後面AE是一個人名,可能是主語,後面緊接着說生物學家,是AE的同位語,最後一個小分句, found是個動詞,是句子謂語,這句話的核心是說AE發現空地上的草更有營養。到選項當中,只有B說 Arthur Einarsen 發現無樹的覓食地點能給鹿提供更多更好的食物,這裏的better對應原句more nutritive,deforested feeding grounds對應the open areas,因爲the 表明前文中有提到,而前一句確實就說了deforested,因此完全對應,本題選B。

選項A說: AE與西北太平洋的密切關係幫助他發現有更多合適草料的地區。西北太平洋在原句中不是重點,在A裏卻是主語中的內容,所以A不能選。

選項C說:像Arthur Einarsen這樣的生物學家認爲,爲鹿尋找額外的開闊並擁有合適嫩草的居住區是很重要的。主語不對,且原句中沒強調重要性,C錯。

選項D說:根據Einarsen,越橘和藤槭是典型植被,某日可能可以改善太平洋西北寬闊地區鹿的營養。D的主語huckleberry and vine maple只是原句中like分句中的例子,不是句子重點,所以D錯。

綜上所述,句子簡化題,先看句子,有邏輯優先根據邏輯來看,但是不一定邏輯正確就是正確選項,還得結合內容;無邏輯直接找主幹,帶着主幹信息,然後去選項中找答案