英語專四虛擬語氣真題講解
虛擬語氣歷來是英語語法學習的難、重點之一。本文結合課堂教學實踐,試從英語語法系統的角度,從兩個方面對虛擬語氣講解,從而使廣大自考生能夠輕鬆掌握虛擬語氣。一方面,“虛擬語氣”概念的理解;另一方面,變簡單的用法列舉爲邊講解邊列舉它的常見用法。
一、虛擬條件句中虛擬語氣的運用：
虛擬條件句從時間上又分爲與現在事實相反，與過去事實相反，與將來事實可能相反三種情況。表示與現在事實相反的，if從句用過去式，主句用would(或could ,should ,might)加原形動詞。與過去事實相反的，if從句用過去完成時，主句用would(或could ,should ,might)+have done結構。與將來事實可能相反的，if 從句用should (或were to )加動詞原形，主句用would加動詞原形。
1、If a better material _____, the strength of the part would have been increased.
A. had been used
B. had been using
C. being used
D. using
(根據前面的講解，正確答案爲A。)(1992年58題)
2、Had the weather been good, the children _____ out for a walk.
A. had gone
B. could have gone
C. would go
D. went
(答案：B。與過去的事實相反。當if從句中含有were, had, should這三個詞時，if可以省略，主謂倒裝。)(2001年57題)
二、某些動詞後的賓語從句以及某些名詞後的表語或同位語從句中虛擬語氣的運用
這些動詞或名詞包括：
suggest (suggestion),propose(proposal),advise (advice)demand, insist, order, request, require, recommend, desire, ask, decide等。在這些從句中，謂語形式爲should加動詞原形，should可以省略。
例：The general’s command was that the soldiers _____ their fort and carry out more important task.
A. would leave
B. leave
C. left
D. have left
(答案：B)(2002年49題)
三、在It is desired （或desirable）, It is important等結構後面的主語從句中，動詞用原形或should+原形動詞。
這些結構有：
“It is suggested”, “It is requested”,“It was ordered”, “It is necessary”, “It is essential”, “It is vital”, “It is urgent”,“ It is impossible”, “It is preferable”, “It is advisable”, “It was proposed”等。
例：It’s desired that she _____ to teach us at least twice a week.
A. comes
B. will com
C. come
D. may come
(答案：C)(1997年29題)
四、would rather, as if/though 以及wish後邊that從句中虛擬語氣的運用。
1、I am too busy these days. I would rather all of you _____ next month for a dinner.
A. come
B. would come
C. came
D. have come
(答案：C。would rather 後面的從句中，動詞用過去式。)(2002年46題)
2、He talks as if he _____ everything in the world.
A. knows
B. knew
C. had known
D. would have know
(正確答案爲B。在as if/though後邊的方式狀語從句中，表示與現在事實相反或對現在的情況有所懷疑，動詞用過去式;如果表示的是想象中的過去的動作，用過去完成時。本句表示對現在的情況有所懷疑。)(1998年45題)
3、You look as if you had seen a ghost.
(此句中as if 後邊是說話人想象中的動作，所以用過去完成時。)
4、I wish I knew his address.
(在wish後邊的從句中，如果指現在或將來的願望，動詞用過去式。這句話告訴我們說話人並不知道他的地址。)
5、Peter wishes that he _____ law instead of literature when he was in college。
A. could study
B. studied
C. had studied
D. would study
(答案爲C。表示過去沒有實現的願望，動詞用過去完成時。)(2000年32題)
五、在It is （high） time後邊的that從句中，動詞用過去式，表示該做某事了。
例：Don’t you think it is time you _____ smoking?
A. give up
B. gave up
C. would give up
D. should give up
(答案爲B。)(1999年31題)
