全球車企爲中國電動汽車新政備戰

Global carmakers are grappling with forthcoming rules requiring them to produce electric vehicles in China, the world’s largest car market.

全球汽車製造商正在努力應對中國即將出臺的有關要求車企生產電動汽車的規則。中國是全球最大的汽車市場。

While still under discussion, a draft of the rules — seen by several auto industry leaders at this month’s Shanghai Auto show — would require as much as 8 per cent of their sales in China to be electric vehicles as early as next year.

雖然規則仍在討論中，但根據幾位汽車行業領袖在近日舉行的上海車展上看到的一份草案，最早從明年起，汽車廠商在華銷量中電動汽車積分比例要求達到8%。

Carmakers who missed the target would be forced to buy expensive “credits” from competitors who overshot. The quota is set to grow in subsequent years, according to drafts of the rules seen by executives.

積分不達標的企業要向積分富餘的企業購買“昂貴”的積分。根據這些高管們看到的規則草案，在隨後幾年裏，電動車積分比例還會逐步提高。

However, the precise percentages and the way they are calculated are still being discussed, the executives said.

但高管們表示，具體的積分比例以及積分計算方式目前仍在討論中。

“It's early days — and how [the rules] are implemented remains to be seen,” said Ian Robertson, a member of BMW’s board, who said the carmaker was prepared to meet whatever quota was imposed.

“現在是早期階段——（規則）如何執行仍有待觀察，”寶馬(BMW)董事會成員伊恩?羅伯遜(Ian Robertson)說。他表示，無論積分比例定爲多少，寶馬都會力求達標。

Trevor Worthington, Ford’s vice-president, said the company met weekly with the Chinese government to discuss the policies. The carmaker planned to market its first hybrid vehicle in China next year, while Chinese-owned Volvo said it would introduce its first 100-per cent electric car in China in 2019.

福特(Ford)副總裁特雷弗?沃辛頓(Trevor Worthington)表示，該公司每週都與中國政府部門會晤討論這些政策。福特計劃明年在中國銷售其首款混合動力車。由中資所有的沃爾沃(Volvo)也表示2019年將在中國推出首款純電動汽車。

The new rules are designed to encourage the local production of battery-powered cars by allowing makers to trade credits. Various types of vehicles will be counted differently towards satisfying the quota, a number of auto industry leaders said — a fully electric car would count more than a hybrid, for example.

新規則旨在通過允許汽車製造商交易積分，來鼓勵它們在國內生產電池動力汽車。很多汽車行業領袖表示，不同類型的汽車積分也不同，比如說純電動汽車的積分會高於混合動力車。

Jochem Heizmann, Volkswagen China’s chief executive, said the company was making preparations to produce electric vehicles in China next year, together with Anhui Jianghuai Automobile (JAC Motors), one of VW’s joint venture partners in the country, and planned to meet the electric vehicle quota without buying credits.

大衆中國(Volkswagen China)首席執行官約赫姆?海茲曼(Jochem Heizmann)表示，大衆正籌備明年與江淮汽車(JAC Motors)在中國聯合生產電動汽車——後者是大衆在中國的合資夥伴之一——並計劃自行滿足電動汽車生產配額，而不購買積分。

“We are fully with all forces working to be able to fulfil this quota system next year," he said last week.

“我們正在全力以赴，力爭明年能夠達標，”他在上週表示。

The main beneficiaries of the new policy will be companies that produce electric vehicles locally — such as BYD and BAIC, the largest sellers of electric vehicles in China, which will probably be able to sell excess credits.

新政策的主要受益方將是在中國國內生產電動汽車的公司，如比亞迪(BYD)和北汽集團(BAIC)，這兩家公司是中國電動汽車銷量最大的車企，它們將有可能出售多餘的積分。

Locally produced electric vehicles already take advantage of a range of subsidies and incentives — the central government offered subsidies for new EVs of as much as Rmb55,000 ($8,000), while local government subsidies were of similar value, according to BYD.

本土生產的電動汽車已享有一系列補貼和激勵。據比亞迪表示，中國中央政府爲新電動汽車提供高達5.5萬元人民幣（合8000美元）的補貼，地方政府也提供類似額度的補貼。

However, these subsidies have decreased this year by 20 per cent and are to be phased out over time. Ultimately the electric vehicle quota trading scheme is supposed to replace government incentives.

不過今年這些補貼減少了20%，以後還將逐步取消。最終，電動汽車積分交易制被認爲將取代政府激勵政策。

In addition to subsidies, local governments award licence plates to electric vehicles without restriction, while buying a new petrol-powered car in many cities requires purchasing a licence plate via auction, which can add thousands of dollars to the price of the car.

除了享受補貼，各地電動汽車上牌不受限制，而在許多城市，購買新的燃油汽車需要通過搖號購買汽車牌照，這可能導致購車成本增加數千美元。

Last year, China was the world’s largest purchaser of electric vehicles, buying more than 300,000. China’s 13th five-year plan that came into effect last year set an ambitious target for cumulative sales of EV’s to reach more than 5m by 2020.

去年，中國成爲全球電動汽車銷量最大的國家，銷量超過30萬輛。去年進入實施階段的中國“十三五規劃”制定了一個雄心勃勃的目標：到2020年中國電動車的保有量目標是500萬輛。