關於朝韓領導人峯會,你需要了解的

SEOUL, South Korea — The leaders of North and South Korea will meet for talks on Friday, a rare moment of face-to-face diplomacy after 70 years of bitter rivalry.

韓國首爾——朝鮮和韓國的領導人將於週五會晤，這是經過70年激烈較量之後的罕見時刻。

Adding to the history-making stakes of Friday’s encounter is the prospect that if all goes well, President Trump and Kim Jong-un will have their own meeting in May or June. Those talks would be the first dialogue between a sitting American president and a leader of North Korea.

在週五會晤的創歷史性賭注之上，還有這樣一種可能：如果一切進展順利，特朗普總統和金正恩將在5月或6月舉行他們兩人的會晤，那將是美國現任總統與朝鮮領導人之間的首次對話。

On the table are issues that have bedeviled the Korean Peninsula for much of the 20th century, including an official end to the Korean War, as well as some that are already shaping the 21st, like the North’s nuclear weapons and missile programs.

擺在桌面上的問題，是一些在20世紀的大部分時間裏一直困擾着朝鮮半島的問題，包括朝鮮戰爭的正式結束；以及一些已經在影響21世紀的問題，比如朝鮮的核武器和導彈計劃。

As Mr. Kim and President Moon Jae-in of South Korea prepare to meet at Panmunjom, the so-called truce village that straddles their countries’ border, here is what you need to know.

隨着金正恩和韓國總統文在寅準備在跨越兩國邊界的所謂“休戰村”板門店會面，你需要了解以下事情。

Why are the Koreas still at war?

爲什麼朝鮮半島仍處於戰爭狀態？

The Korean War effectively ended in a stalemate in July 1953, after three years of fighting.

朝鮮戰爭在經歷了三年戰火之後，於1953年7月以僵局告終。

The conflict, the first of the Cold War, pitted North Korea, a Communist dictatorship supported by China, against South Korea and its ally, the United States, which led a United Nations force. Generals from North Korea, China and the United States signed the 1953 armistice at Panmunjom. The South Korean leader, Syngman Rhee, however, refused to sign.

這場冷戰時期的第一次衝突，發生在由中國支持的共產主義獨裁政權朝鮮以及韓國及其盟友美國之間，美國領導了一支聯合國部隊參戰。朝鮮、中國和美國的軍事將領們於1953年在板門店簽署了停戰協定，但韓國領導人李承晚拒絕在協定上簽字。

A peace treaty was never negotiated, though the Chinese proposed one in 1954. Because the cease-fire was never succeeded by a treaty, technically the parties are still at war.

雖然中國曾在1954年提出過一項和平條約，但從未進行過和平條約談判。由於停火之後從未達成條約，所以雙方從技術上講仍處於交戰狀態。

What is the Demilitarized Zone?

什麼是非軍事區？

The Demilitarized Zone, or DMZ, is a stretch of land that spans the Korean Peninsula at the 38th parallel, serving as a buffer between North and South Korea. Despite its name, it is heavily fortified with land mines, armed soldiers and barbed wire.

非軍事區（Demilitarized Zone，縮寫爲DMZ）指的是沿着橫跨朝鮮半島北緯38度線的作爲朝鮮與韓國之間緩衝地帶的區域。儘管名爲非軍事區，但那裏佈滿了地雷，有重兵把守，還設有鐵絲網。

It is 160 miles long and about 2.5 miles wide. Panmunjom, located within the DMZ and just 35 miles from the South Korean capital, Seoul, is the site of the Joint Security Area, where troops from North and South Korea are separated by only a few feet.

非軍事區約260公里長、4公里寬。板門店位於非軍事區內，距離韓國首都首爾僅55公里，是共同警戒區的所在地，朝鮮和韓國的軍隊在那裏只有幾米之隔。

A hotline directly connecting the two Korean leaders was installed last week. As a warm-up gesture, the line is supposed to be used by Mr. Kim and Mr. Moon before they travel to Panmunjom. Their talks will take place inside the Peace House, a conference center on the south side of the truce village.

直接連接朝鮮和韓國領導人的熱線電話上週已開通。作爲準備活動的姿態，金正恩和文在寅在前往板門店前將使用這條熱線。他們的會談將在和平之家舉行，這是休戰村南邊的一個會議中心。

What would a peace treaty mean?

和平條約將意味着什麼？

Mr. Moon has said the leaders will talk about establishing a treaty that would formally end the Korean War.

文在寅曾表示，兩國領導人將就達成一項正式結束朝鮮戰爭的條約進行討論。

In the past, North Korea has demanded that the American soldiers stationed in the South must leave the peninsula as a condition of peace. But Mr. Kim’s stance on the future of the 28,500 American troops appears to have softened in recent weeks.

以前，朝鮮一直要求駐紮在韓國的美國士兵離開朝鮮半島，作爲和平的先決條件。不過，近幾周來，金正恩在2.85萬名駐韓美軍的未來問題的立場上似乎有所軟化。

Over the decades, American presidents have decreased the number of troops stationed in the South. The Trump administration has made no suggestion that it would shrink the military contingent further.

幾十年來，歷任美國總統一直在減少駐韓美軍的數量。特朗普政府還沒有暗示過會進一步縮小駐韓美軍的規模。

What is the likely outcome of Friday’s meeting?

週五的會晤可能有什麼結果？

Expect heavily scripted generalities. Mr. Kim and Mr. Moon plan to issue a joint declaration, which was largely brokered during a recent visit by South Korean officials to Pyongyang. Mr. Kim has said he is willing to discuss denuclearization in exchange for guarantees that his government would not be overthrown and his personal security would be assured.

預計有大量照本宣科的籠統說法。金正恩和文在寅打算髮表聯合聲明，這是韓國官員近期訪問平壤時促成的。金正恩已表示，他願意討論無核化問題，以換取他的政府不被推翻、他個人的安全能夠得到保證的擔保。

The expected statement is likely to be short on specifics, intended to set the groundwork for more substantial negotiations between Mr. Kim and Mr. Trump. Watch for a commitment that the North and South will meet more regularly.

預期的聲明可能會缺乏具體細節，聲明是爲給金正恩和特朗普進行更實質性的談判奠定基礎。值得關注的是朝鮮和韓國將更加經常舉行會談的承諾。

What should we expect from talks between Mr. Trump and Mr. Kim?

我們應該在特朗普與金正恩的會談中期待什麼？

The two leaders spent much of last year exchanging threats and insults, but Mr. Trump has been widely positive in his approach to Mr. Kim since the North Korean leader signaled a willingness to negotiate.

儘管這兩位領導人在去年的大部分時間都在互相威脅和辱罵，但自從朝鮮領導人表示願意談判以來，特朗普在對待金正恩的方式上一直持高度積極的態度。

The president praised Mr. Kim’s announcement last week that he would suspend missile and nuclear tests and close a nuclear test site. So far, Mr. Trump has set no preconditions for talks with Mr. Kim.

特朗普稱讚了金正恩上週的聲明，金正恩說，他將暫停導彈和核試驗，並將關閉一個核試驗基地。到目前爲止，特朗普都還沒有設定任何與金正恩會談的先決條件。

But administration officials have been much firmer. They have called for a complete dismantlement of the nuclear arsenal in North Korea, a process that would need to be verified by inspections. Many experts see the latest offer from North Korea to suspend testing as an effort to wind back punishing United Nations sanctions.

但美國政府官員的態度更爲強硬。他們要求徹底廢除朝鮮的核武庫，這是一個需要通過覈查來進行證實的過程。許多專家把朝鮮最近提出的暫停核試驗的提議看作是放鬆聯合國制裁的努力。

Mr. Kim has called for the “phased” and “synchronized” implementation of any denuclearization deal, in which each stage of dismantlement would be met with incentives like the easing of sanctions.

金正恩呼籲要“分階段”和“同步地”執行任何無核化協議，這意味着，廢除核武器的每一步都要得到譬如放鬆制裁等激勵措施的響應。

Why is Japan wary of the rapprochement between Mr. Kim and Mr. Trump?

爲什麼日本對金正恩和特朗普之間的友好關係保持警惕？

Prime Minister Shinzo Abe of Japan is worried that the United States will agree to a deal in which North Korea dismantles its intercontinental missiles, but keeps shorter-range missiles that can hit Japan.

日本首相安倍晉三擔心，美國將與朝鮮達成的協議，會要求朝鮮放棄其洲際導彈，但允許朝鮮保留能夠打擊日本的短程導彈。

Some analysts believe such an agreement would allow Mr. Trump to claim that he had saved the United States from the threat of North Korea, though doing so could come at the expense of Japan and South Korea.

一些分析人士認爲，這樣的協議將讓特朗普能夠聲稱他不再讓美國受到朝鮮的威脅，儘管這樣做可能會損害日本和韓國的利益。