以色列前總理沙龍近日抱恙去世
Former Israeli leader Ariel Sharon, who through his long career was a renowned warrior, champion of Jewish settlements and, eventually, an advocate of a more conciliatory approach toward Palestinians, died Saturday.
以色列前領導人沙龍(Ariel Sharon)上週六去世。在他的長期職業生涯中，他曾是著名的鬥士、猶太人定居點的捍衛者，最終還提倡對巴勒斯坦人採取更緩和態度。Israel's president, Shimon Peres, credited him as a leading patriot. 'Arik loved his people, and his people loved him,' Mr. Peres said in a statement, referring to Mr. Sharon by his nickname. 'He was one of Israel's greatest defenders and chief architects, who never knew fear and never lack for vision. Sharon knew how to decide and how to act.'
以色列總統佩雷斯(Shimon Peres)稱讚沙龍是卓越的愛國者。佩雷斯在一份聲明中說，阿里克(Arik, 沙龍的暱稱)熱愛他的人民，人民也熱愛他。他是以色列最偉大的守護者和總建築師之一，從不畏懼、從不缺乏遠見卓識。沙龍知道該如何決定、如何行動。Mr. Sharon's career spanned the history of Israel from its establishment in 1948. As a soldier, he commanded troops in every major conflict through the 1973 Arab-Israeli war, when he encircled Egypt's Third Army in the Sinai and was hailed at home as the 'King of Israel.'
沙龍的職業生涯跨越了自1948年以色列建國以來的歷史。作爲一名軍人，他在1973年阿以戰爭的每場重大沖突中都指揮了軍隊作戰，在西奈包圍了埃及的第三軍，並在國內被譽爲“以色列之王”。
In subsequent years, he was a senior member of the Likud Party and served in numerous cabinet posts. Among them, he was minister of defense during Israel's 1982 invasion of Lebanon, an episode that left him tarred by a government commission that blamed him for failing to prevent the killing of a large number of Palestinian and other civilians in what became known as the Sabra and Shatila massacre.
在後來的多年中，他是利庫德集團(Likud Party)的高級成員，擔任過諸多內閣職位。1982年以色列入侵黎巴嫩期間，沙龍任國防部長，這一時期的經歷導致他受到一個政府委員會的指責，認爲他未能阻止大批巴勒斯坦人和其他平民被殺，造成了著名的薩布拉-夏蒂拉大屠殺。In 2001, Mr. Sharon staged a political comeback when he became prime minister at a time of escalating terrorist violence. As prime minister, he initiated construction of a controversial barrier along the West Bank to protect Israel from incursions.
2001年，沙龍迴歸政界，成爲以色列總理，當時正值恐怖主義暴力活動加劇之際。身爲總理的他主持修建了約旦河西岸的隔離牆，保護以色列。Then, in 2004, the longtime hawk rocked Israeli politics when he changed course to favor unilateral withdrawal from the Gaza Strip. In 2005, the Knesset approved his disengagement plan to withdraw troops and citizens from the Gaza Strip and four West Bank settlements.
隨後在2004年，這位長期鷹派人物改變了路線，支持單邊從加沙地帶撤軍，此舉震動了以色列政壇。2005年，以色列國會批准了他的隔離計劃，從加沙地帶和約旦河西岸的四個定居點撤出軍隊和平民。The uproar within Likud following the withdrawal led Mr. Sharon to resign and form a new party, Kadima, that dominated the Knesset for most of the rest of the decade.
撤出之後，利庫德集團內部一片譁然，導致沙龍辭職並組建了新黨派前進黨(Kadima)。2005年至2009年期間，前進黨在以色列國會佔據了主導地位。Only months after the historic Gaza pullback was completed and amid a 2006 election, Mr. Sharon suffered a stroke that left him in a permanent coma, ending his career and stoking renewed political turmoil.
就在歷史性的加沙撤軍行動完成幾個月後，在2006年選舉期間，沙龍突然中風並陷入永久性的昏迷，他的職業生涯就此終結，並激起了新的政治動盪。Ariel Sharon was born at Kfar Malal, a cooperative Jewish farming settlement in the British Mandate of Palestine, outside Tel Aviv. His parents, originally named Scheinerman, were Zionists who emigrated from Russia at the end of World War I.
沙龍出生於特拉維夫附近英屬巴勒斯坦託管地(British Mandate of Palestine)的猶太合作農業定居點卡法馬拉(Kfar Malal)。他的父母原來姓施恩內曼(Scheinerman)，是一戰結束時從蘇俄移民來的猶太復國主義者。Arik, as he was known, learned to fight as a child, helping defend his family's farm from Bedouins and other neighboring Arabs. Because it was illegal for settlers to own firearms, he had the job of hiding the family rifle when British troops patrolled the neighborhood.
沙龍被人稱作阿里克，他從小就學會了打架，幫助保護家裏的農場不受貝都因人和其他鄰近的阿拉伯人侵犯。由於法律規定定居點的居民不得持有武器，他的工作就是當英國部隊在他們家附近巡邏時，將家裏的步槍藏起來。He joined the Haganah, the underground military movement, in high school, then enrolled in officer training school. Mr. Sharon was 20 when he commanded an infantry company during the Arab-Israeli War in 1948. During the Battle of Latrun, a strategic hilltop between Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, his unit was pinned down under hostile fire from Jordanian forces and sustained heavy losses. Mr. Sharon was seriously wounded.
他中學時加入了地下軍事運動哈加納(Haganah)，之後就讀軍官訓練學校。1948年，沙龍在阿以戰爭期間指揮一個步兵連，當時他只有20歲。在拉特倫戰役(Battle of Latrun)中，他的部隊遭遇約旦部隊的猛烈炮火，損失慘重。沙龍受重傷。拉特倫是特拉維夫和耶路撒冷之間的一個具有戰略意義的山頂。Mr. Sharon had a reputation as a swashbuckler, sometimes leading men into battle in an armored car stocked with gourmet cheese and sausages. On several occasions, he was accused of exceeding orders and of atrocities, but he was regularly promoted.
沙龍是出了名的狂妄勇猛，有時開着裝滿美味奶酪和香腸的裝甲車率領部下參加戰鬥。有好幾次，他被指越權及行爲殘忍，但他經常獲得提拔。After the 1948 war, he battled cross-border raiders in the early 1950s. He led the capture of the strategic Mitla Pass in the 1956 Sinai war with Egypt.
1948年的戰爭結束後，上世紀50年代初，他曾與跨境突襲者作戰。在1956年與埃及爭奪西奈半島的戰爭中，他指揮了奪取戰略要地米特拉山口(Mitla Pass)的戰鬥。In 1967, months before that year's Arab-Israeli war, he was elevated to the rank of major general, and subsequently won a victory over Egyptian troops in the Battle of Abu-Ageila, helping seal Israel's capture of the Sinai Peninsula.
1967年，在那一年的埃以戰爭爆發前幾個月，他被晉升爲少將軍銜，隨後在阿布阿格拉戰役(Battle of Abu-Ageila)中打敗埃及部隊，幫助確保了以色列奪取西奈半島。When Egypt and Syria launched a surprise attack on Israel in 1973, Mr. Sharon had already left the military, but he returned to the front line as a reserve general and led his troops across the Suez Canal, turning the tide against Egyptian forces and cementing his reputation for military prowess.
1973年埃及和敘利亞對以色列發動突然襲擊時，沙龍已經離開了部隊，但他以預備役將軍的身份重返前線，率領部隊渡過蘇伊士運河，扭轉了對埃及部隊的戰局，鞏固了他的軍事才能贏得的聲望。Mr. Sharon retired after a cease-fire was negotiated, and turned to politics, winning a seat in the Knesset in 1977. He served as agriculture minister and helped draft plans for scaled-up settlements on the West Bank.
停火協議達成後，沙龍退役，轉向政壇，1977年在以色列議會中贏得了一個席位。他曾擔任農業部長，幫助起草了擴大約旦河西岸定居點規模的計劃。In 1982, after the massacres in Lebanon, Mr. Sharon was forced to resign as defense minister when the Kahan Commission found that Israel's army, stationed around two Palestinian refugee camps, knew Christian militants were slaughtering residents of the refugee camps but did nothing to stop it.
1982年，在黎巴嫩大屠殺後，沙龍被迫辭去國防部長職務，因爲以色列成立的大屠殺調查委員會Kahan Commission發現，以色列部隊當時駐紮在兩個巴勒斯坦難民營附近，知道基督教武裝分子正在殘殺難民營的居民，但沒有采取任何措施加以阻止。After Israel's government stopped establishing new settlements in the 1990s, he encouraged Jewish settlers to set up improvised hilltop settlement outposts, whose watchtowers and crude lodgings gave them the appearance of military bases.
上世紀90年代以色列政府停止建立新的定居點後，沙龍鼓勵猶太定居者建立臨時山頂定居點，這些定居點裏的瞭望塔和粗糙住所使其看起來酷似軍事基地。Mr. Sharon's visit in 2000 to the Temple Mount, accompanied by a contingent of armed police, marked the start of a period of swirling Palestinian violence known as the second Intifada. Mr. Sharon was elected prime minister in 2001, defeating incumbent Ehud Barak by a landslide amid disillusionment with Mr. Barak's handling of failed peace talks with Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat.
2000年，沙龍在一個武裝警察小分隊的陪同下到訪聖殿山，標誌着被稱爲“第二次起義”的巴勒斯坦地區血腥暴力衝突期的開始。2001年，在以色列時任總理巴拉克(Ehud Barak)與巴勒斯坦領導人阿拉法特(Yasser Arafat)和談失敗、人們感到失望之際，沙龍以壓倒性優勢擊敗巴拉克當選總理。A year after his election, as suicide bombings on buses and at restaurants escalated, Mr. Sharon ordered the army into Palestinian cities in the West Bank. He directed plans for a permanent barrier in the West Bank; that wall is credited by some with helping stop the wave of suicide bombings by Palestinians in Israeli cities. Mr. Arafat was besieged in his compound in Ramallah, in the West Bank, where he remained isolated until illness overtook him, and he died in 2004.
當選一年之後，因爲在公交車上和餐館發生的自殺式炸彈襲擊事件升級，沙龍命令軍隊進入約旦河西岸的巴勒斯坦城市。在他的指導下出臺了在西岸興建永久性壁壘──隔離牆的方案。一些人認爲，隔離 幫助阻止了巴勒斯坦人在以色列城市發起的自殺式炸彈襲擊浪潮。阿拉法特被困在他在西岸城市拉姆安拉(Ramallah)的大院裏，直到2004年因病去世都一直被隔絕在那裏。While battling militants, Mr. Sharon also decided it would be necessary for Israel to uproot settlements and pull back from Gaza and the West Bank to make way for a Palestinian state and avoid creating a binational state.
在與武裝分子戰鬥的同時，沙龍還決定，以色列有必要清除定居點，從加沙地帶和約旦河西岸撤軍，爲巴勒斯坦建國讓路，避免創造出“一地同屬兩國”的情形。'He began seeing things in a less dogmatic way'' as prime minister, said David Landau, whose biography, 'Arik: The Life of Ariel Sharon,' will be published this article was originally reported and written in Chinese and is only available in Chinese. Please refer to the Chinese article for more details.
蘭多(David Landau)說，作爲總理，沙龍開始用不那麼教條的方式看問題。蘭多寫作的沙龍傳記《阿里克：阿里埃勒・沙龍的一生》(Arik: The Life of Ariel Sharon)將於本月出版。Mr. Sharon faced a police investigation during his premiership into allegations he was involved in influence peddling. However, Israel's attorney general decided to close the case without an indictment. Mr. Sharon's son, Omri, was convicted and sent to jail in a corruption scandal.
在擔任總理期間，因涉嫌“關說”，沙龍曾一度受到警方調查。不過，以色列總檢察長決定以不起訴結束調查。沙龍的兒子奧馬裏(Omri)捲入腐敗醜聞，後來被判有罪而鋃鐺入獄。Mr. Sharon left behind a reconfigured Israeli politics when he exited the stage after suffering a stroke. Mr. Sharon's deputy, Ehud Olmert, ended up becoming Kadima's first prime minister.
在一次中風發作之後，沙龍退出了以色列政壇，他身後的以色列政局已經與過去不同。沙龍的副手奧爾默特(Ehud Olmert)成爲前進黨的首任總理。Mr. Sharon sometimes said his ambition was to retire and farm like his ancestors, and he liked to be photographed seated on his tractor, plowing crops of wheat and cotton, a seeming Cincinnatus.
沙龍曾說過，他的願望是從政壇退休，像自己的先輩一樣去務農。沙龍說，他喜歡拍這樣的照片：自己坐在拖拉機上犁麥田或棉花田，看上去就像羅馬政治家辛辛納圖斯(Cincinnatus)一樣。Early in 2013, his doctors announced that tests had shown that despite remaining in a coma, Mr. Sharon showed significant brain activity. But he never regained consciousness.
2013年初，醫生宣佈，檢查表明儘管沙龍仍處於昏迷之中，他已經出現了大量的腦活動。但他從未重新甦醒。U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry won't be attending the funeral, the State Department said, due to previously scheduled meetings in Paris over the situation in Syria and the Middle East peace process.
美國國務院說，國務卿克里(John Kerry)不會參加沙龍的葬禮，因爲之前他已經預定要參加在巴黎召開的會議，討論敘利亞現狀和中東和平進程等問題。
