中俄再次否決安理會涉敘決議草案
Russia and China vetoed a U.N. Security Council resolution that would have threatened sanctions against Syria's leadership.
俄羅斯和中國否決了聯合國安理會一項有關敘利亞問題的決議草案。若該項決議草案獲得通過，將可能針對敘利亞政府領導層實施制裁。It was the third time Russia and China vetoed a resolution intended to pressure the regime of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad to leave power. The failure of the latest diplomacy points to a growing likelihood that Syria's fate will be decided by bloody clashes in the streets of the capital and not in the halls of the U.N.
這是俄羅斯和中國第三次否決意在迫使敘利亞總統阿薩德(Bashar al-Assad)領導的政府交權的安理會決議草案。這項最新外交行動的失敗說明敘利亞的命運將越來越有可能由首都大馬士革街頭的流血衝突決定，而不是在聯合國的會議廳中決定。The British-drafted resolution, co-sponsored by the U.S., France and Germany, would have given the Syrian government 10 days to withdraw its troops and heavy weapons from populated areas or face sanctions targeted at the regime's elite. Though not specified in the resolution, the threatened sanctions were to have included asset freezes and international travel restrictions on senior Syrian officials. South Africa and Pakistan abstained.
這份由英國起草、由美、法、德聯合提交的決議草案若獲得通過，將限定敘利亞政府在10天內從人口聚集地區撤出部隊和重型武器，否則敘利亞政府高層領導人將面臨制裁。儘管決議草案並未詳細說明將採取何種制裁措施，但可能的制裁將包括凍結敘利亞高層官員的資產及限制國際旅行。南非和巴基斯坦投了棄權票。
Chinese Ambassador Li Baodong said Beijing vetoed the resolution because it had 'uneven content intended to put pressure on only one party.' He said that if passed, the resolution would 'aggravate the turmoil and cause spillover to the other countries in the region.' Mr. Li also called the West 'rigid and arrogant.'
中國常駐聯合國代表李保東說，北京方面投了否決票是因爲決議草案內容不平衡，旨在單方施壓。他說，如果決議草案獲得通過，不但會使動盪的局勢進一步升級，而且還會向本地區其他國家蔓延。他還稱提案國對相關國家的合理和核心關切態度僵硬傲慢。The failure of the Western resolution means the mandate for the U.N.'s 300-person observer mission in Syria could run out Friday night.
西方提出的決議草案未能獲得通過，這意味着聯合國駐敘利亞300人觀察團的授權可能在週五夜間到期後不能獲得延長。Susan Rice, the U.S. ambassador to the U.N., hinted that Washington might block the continuation of the mission. 'We have been very clear that a rollover of the U.N. mission without it being tied to consequences for noncompliance or an improvement on the ground doesn't make any sense,' she said.
美國駐聯合國大使賴斯(Susan Rice)暗示說，華盛頓方面可能阻止延長聯合國觀察團在敘利亞的時間。她說，我們一直非常明確地表示，在聯合國觀察團的授權時限與敘利亞衝突方違反協議的後果或地面形勢的改善不掛鉤的情況下，延長觀察團的授權是不合理的。Ms. Rice said the U.S. might agree to a brief extension of the mission, probably of 30 days, if the monitors could be safely withdrawn should that be necessary. 'Unless circumstances change on the ground, it is not viable for the mission to continue,' she said.
賴斯說，如果觀察員能夠在需要的時候安全撤出敘利亞，美國可能同意短期延長聯合國觀察團的授權，或許同意延長30天。她說，除非地面形勢發生變化，否則延長授權是不可行的。Instead, Ms. Rice said, the U.S. would 'intensify our work with partners outside the Security Council to put pressure on the Assad regime.' She didn't elaborate. The U.S. is part of a 70-nation Friends of Syria group that has supported the uprising.
賴斯說，美國將轉而加強與安理會以外的合作伙伴的合作，以向阿薩德政府施壓，但沒有詳加說明。美國是70個國家組成的“敘利亞之友”(Friends of Syria)組織的成員，該組織支持反對派。Also Thursday, European Union member states reached a deal on a new package of sanctions on Syria, including ordering member states to search ships and planes suspected of carrying arms to the country, European diplomats said.
此外，歐洲外交人士說，歐盟成員國週四就針對敘利亞的一攬子新制裁措施達成協議，其中包括下令成員國搜查被懷疑向該國運送武器的船隻和飛機。The split at the Security Council shows the deepening divisions over Syria between the West and Russia. Russian officials say their position is based on an adamant opposition to regime change, particularly if it is led by Western military intervention, as in Libya.
安理會在這項決議上意見不一顯示了西方國家和俄羅斯在敘利亞問題上的分歧日益深化。俄羅斯官員說，他們的立場基於堅決反對政權更迭，尤其是西方國家領導下軍事幹預導致的政權更迭，就像在利比亞那樣。Vitaly Churkin, Russia's ambassador to the U.N., accused the U.S. and its allies of having 'fanned the flames of extremists and terrorists groups.'
俄羅斯駐聯合國大使丘爾金(Vitaly Churkin)指責美國及其盟國煽動了極端分子和恐怖組織的怒火。Asked what the West's geopolitical designs in Syria were, Mr. Churkin said, 'It's all about Iran.' He said 'unexpected changes brought about by the [2003 U.S.] invasion of Iraq,' which had strengthened Iran, required the West to weaken Tehran by challenging its ally in Damascus. 'There is no serious person I've talked to that doubts that a major geopolitical battle is being fought in Syria and the people of Syria have no interest in that.'
當被問及西方國家在敘利亞設計的地緣政治格局是什麼時，丘爾金說，這一切的着眼點都在伊朗。美國2003年入侵伊拉克所帶來的意想不到的變化（伊朗的實力得到增強） 要求西方國家通過挑戰伊朗在大馬士革的盟友來削弱伊朗的實力。他說，在與我進行過嚴肅交談的所有人當中，沒有人懷疑敘利亞正在進行的是一場重大的地緣政治戰爭，敘利亞人民的利益被置之不顧。Mr. Churkin added that Western diplomats were told Moscow could 'not accept the pressure of sanctions and external military involvement in Syrian affairs.' He said the West refused to spell out in the resolution the exclusion of military action.
丘爾金又說，西方外交官被告知，莫斯科無法接受制裁和外部軍事力量介入敘利亞問題所帶來的壓力。他說，西方國家拒絕在決議中明確排除採取軍事行動的可能。Ms. Rice called Russia's fear of military intervention 'paranoid and disingenuous.' She told the Security Council that the resolution 'would in no way authorize or pave the way for foreign military intervention.'
賴斯稱俄羅斯對軍事幹預的恐懼是偏執的表現，是虛僞的。她告訴安理會，這項決議絕不會授權其它國家對敘利亞進行軍事幹預，也不會爲這種做法鋪平道路。'Russia argued that somehow this resolution would lead to military intervention,' said Mark Lyall Grant, the U.K. ambassador to the U.N. 'These arguments are irrational.'
英國駐聯合國大使格蘭特(Mark Lyall Grant)說，俄羅斯認爲這項決議有可能導致軍事幹預，但這種觀點沒有道理。'They have chosen to put their national interests ahead of the lives of millions of Syrians,' Sir Mark said.
格蘭特說，俄羅斯選擇將自己的國家利益置於數百萬敘利亞民衆的生命之上。Germany's ambassador to the U.N., Peter Wittig, said that though the resolution wouldn't have been a 'silver bullet,' it would have given 'a realistic chance maybe the last chance to finally break the vicious cycle of violence.'
德國駐聯合國大使維蒂希(Peter Wittig)表示，雖然這項決議並非解決敘利亞問題的特效武器，但它本可以提供一個最終打破暴力相向這一惡性循環的現實機會，這也許是最後的機會。'Today was an opportunity lost,' Mr. Wittig said.
維蒂希說，這個機會今天失去了。Analysts routinely cite three additional reasons for Moscow's continued support for the Syrian government: Russia's millions of dollars a year in legal arms sales to Syria; Russian naval access to a port at Tartus. on Syria's Mediterranean coast; and a desire to maintain its last ally in the Middle East.
分析人士常常列出如下三條理由解釋莫斯科方面繼續支持敘利亞政府的原因：俄羅斯每年對敘利亞合法的武器銷售收入數額甚巨；俄羅斯海軍可以停靠敘利亞在地中海沿岸城市塔爾圖斯的一個港口；俄羅斯想要維繫其在中東地區的最後一個盟友。But analysts also say Russia's stance must be put in the context of Moscow's 30-year struggle against encroachment into its sphere of influence by militant Islam. The support given these groups at times by the U.S. and Gulf Arab nations opened a three-decade rift with Russia that began in Afghanistan and has run across the Northern Caucasus to the Balkans and now into Syria, analysts said.
但分析人士也說，必須在一個大背景下理解俄羅斯的立場：30年來，莫斯科方面一直在努力制止激進伊斯蘭勢力蠶食其勢力範圍的做法。分析人士說，美國和海灣阿拉伯國家不時給予這些勢力的支持使得俄羅斯同這些國家陷入長達30年的不和之中。雙方的分歧始於阿富汗，隨後跨越北高加索地區，延伸至巴爾幹半島，現在則到了敘利亞。Russia is opposed to regime change in Syria not only on principle, but because the likely new regime would be headed by an Islamist government inimical to Russian interests, analysts and diplomats say.
分析和外交人士說，俄羅斯不僅在原則上反對敘利亞政權更迭，還因爲新政權可能會由伊斯蘭政府領導，可能不利於俄羅斯的國家利益。
