馬克龍呼籲在全歐範圍制定大數據戰略

Emmanuel Macron has called for a Europe-wide strategy on big data during his visit to Beijing, saying it is a priority for France this year.

埃馬紐埃爾馬克龍(Emmanuel Macron)在訪問北京期間呼籲制定一項全歐範圍的大數據戰略，稱這是法國今年的優先事項。

European big data companies needed the size of the European market to compete with China and the US while ensuring the personal data protections lacking in the Chinese market, the French president said after a forum on artificial intelligence.

法國總統在出席一場人工智能論壇後表示，歐洲大數據公司需要整個歐洲市場的規模來與中美兩國競爭，同時要確保對個人數據的保護，而這一點正是中國市場缺乏的。

During the three-day visit Mr Macron paid tribute to Chinese imperial institutions and plans for a new “silk road” of commerce across Eurasia. But he insisted that market access should be a two-way street, as possible for European companies in China as for Chinese companies in the EU.

在爲期三天的訪問中，馬克龍稱讚了中國打造一條橫貫歐亞大陸的商業新“絲綢之路”的宏偉計劃。但他堅信，市場準入應該是雙向的，對在華歐洲企業和在歐中國企業應一視同仁。

The French president also said he had secured a package of new orders for Airbus jetliners, and a pledge from Beijing to maintain its policy of balancing orders from Airbus and competitor Boeing. But Mr Macron said a deal for an industrial partnership in return for Chinese orders for Airbus’s A380 was still in negotiations.

法國總統還表示，他爲空客(Airbus)客機拿到了一系列新訂單，且得到了北京在給予空客與競爭對手波音(Boeing)訂單方面保持平衡政策的承諾。但馬克龍表示，與中國建立產業合作伙伴關係——作爲對中國訂購空客A380客機的回報——的協議仍在談判中。

Big data describes the huge volumes of data generated by traditional business activities and social media — ranging from terminals registering retail sales to Facebook posts and YouTube videos.

大數據即傳統商業活動和社交媒體（從零售終端到Facebook上的帖子和YouTube上的視頻）產生的海量數據。

To compete in big data, AI and other technologies, Mr Macron called for a European market including protections of individuals’ legal rights and a definition of what were legitimate commercial rights. “To advance sufficiently and be competitive with the American and Chinese players, we need a true, integrated market,” he said.

爲了在大數據、人工智能等技術領域進行競爭，馬克龍呼籲打造一個歐洲市場，包括對個人合法權利的保護以及對合法商業權利的界定。他說：“要充分發展且能夠與美國和中國的企業一較高下，我們需要一個真正的一體化市場。”

In contrast with the US’s “libertarian” philosophy towards the sector, Chinese companies face a political constraint but otherwise enjoy relatively free development in the use of big data, Mr Macron noted. “Europe needs to define its model.”

馬克龍指出，與美國對這一行業所持的“自由論”哲學相比，中國企業雖然面臨政治束縛，但它們在利用大數據方面享有相對自由的發展。“歐洲需要界定自己的模式。”

China is investing heavily in AI and big data in an attempt to catch up to Silicon Valley and lead the next wave of technological development. But practices such as using people’s online shopping habits to assess their credit rating or blacklists to prevent debt defaulters from travelling have raised concerns about new violations of citizens’ privacy, in addition to censorship and monitoring of personal communications.

中國正在大舉投資人工智能和大數據，力圖趕上硅谷並引領下一波科技發展浪潮。但是，除了審查和監控個人通信之外，利用人們的網購習慣評估他們的信用等級或者利用黑名單阻止拖欠債務者出行等做法，引發了對於新的侵犯公民隱私行爲的擔憂。

“China has a domestic market and they attach great importance to it. They see that they can use it to energise new companies that are comparable to the Americans, because both countries have markets with real depth and that opens the possibility of collecting masses of data and accelerating its use,” Mr Macron said. But he defended French expertise in developing new technologies as well as scientific analysis. “France is not in the Middle Ages.”

“中國有國內市場，他們非常重視。他們發現可以利用這一市場促進那些能夠與美國企業匹敵的新公司的發展，因爲兩國都有真正的縱深市場，使得收集大量數據並加速利用成爲可能。”馬克龍說。但他爲法國在研發新技術和科學分析方面的專長進行了辯護。“法國並不處於中世紀。”

Mr Macron is pushing for the EU to develop consistent regulations on foreign investment and strategic industries, after a wave of Chinese investment in recent years.

在經歷近年來自中國的投資熱潮後，馬克龍正在推動歐盟制定針對外國投資和戰略行業的統一規定。

“If we want to be a real economic power and negotiate with China and the US we need our own strategy,” he said, adding that China was making inroads particularly with its strategy towards eastern Europe. “If we aren’t unified, that’s not China’s fault but our own.”

“如果我們希望成爲真正強大的經濟體，能夠與中國和美國談判，我們就需要自己的戰略，”他表示，並補充稱，中國的戰略正在東歐取得尤其大的成果。“如果我們不聯合起來，那不是中國的錯，是我們自己的錯。”