中英雙語話中國歷史名人 第15期:王安石

Wang Anshi, courtesy name Jiefu, literary name Banshan (born 1021, Linchuan, Jiangsu Province, died 1086, Jiangning, Jiangsu), was a Chinese poet and government reformer of the Song Dynasty.

王安石，字介甫，號半山，1021年生於江蘇臨川，1086年卒於江蘇江寧，中國詩人、宋朝政府改革家。

His “New Policies" of 1069~1076 sparked academic controversy that continued for centuries.

王安石施行的“新政”(1069年至1076年)引發了延續幾個世紀的理論論爭。

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He created a fund for agricultural loans to farmers to spare them the exorbitant demands of moneylenders; he also replaced corvée labour with a hired-service system financed by a graduated tax levied on all families.

王安石創立了貸給農民的貸款基金，從而使農民不必再借高利貸;王安石還停止了勞役，建立了靠從所有的家庭徵收的累進稅提供資金的有償服務體系。

He enabled officials to purchase supplies at the cheapest price in the most convenient market.

王安石使得官員們能在最方便的市場上買到最廉價的供應品。

He established a village militia system, reorganized the Hanlin Academy, and restructured the civil service examinations.

王安石建立了民兵制度，改造了翰林院，調整了科舉考試。

Wang's reforms were unpopular, and he was forced to resign in 1074.

王安石的改革是不受歡迎的，1074年王安石被迫辭職。

He returned to government in 1075, but with less political power.

1075年王安石被重新啓用，但是權力不及原來。

After the emperor's death an antireform clique came to power and dismantled Wang's reforms by the time of his death shortly afterward.

皇帝駕崩後反改革派上臺，到不久王安石去世的時候，反政革派廢除了王安石的改革措施。