中英雙語話中國歷史名人 第3期:管仲

Guan Zhong(died in 645 B. C.) was a politician in the Spring and Autumn Period. His given name was Yiwu. Zhong was his courtesy name.

管仲，名夷吾，字仲，卒於公元前645年。管仲是春秋時期的一位政治家。

Recommended by Bao Shuya，he was appointed Prime Minister by Duke Huan of Qi in 685 B. C..

經由鮑叔牙的舉薦，管仲於公元前685年成爲齊桓公的國相。

Guan Zhong modernized the state of Qi by starting multiple reforms.

管仲通過多項改革措施使齊國強大了起來。

Politically，he centralized power and divided the state into different villages，each carrying out a specific trade.

政治方面，管仲採取中央集權，把齊國分成不同的村莊，不同的村莊從事不同的職業。

Instead of relying on the traditional aristocracy for manpower, he applied levies to the village units directly.

管仲不再依靠傳統貴族作爲人力資源，而是直接管理村級單位。

He also developed a better method for choosing talent to be governors.

管仲還發展了一種更好的選拔人才的方法。

Under Guan Zhong，Qi shifted administrative responsibilities from hereditary aristocrats to professional bureaucrats.

在管仲的統治下，齊國的政權從世襲貴族手裏轉移到了專業官僚手中。

Guan Zhong also introduced several important economic reforms. He created a uniform tax code. He also used state power to encourage the production of salt and iron; historians usually credit Guan Zhong for introducing state monopolies of salt and iron.

管仲也進行了幾項重要的經濟改革，創造了“相地而衰徵”的新稅法，還使用政府權力鼓勵鹽鐵生產。歷史學家通常把國家對鹽鐵的羨斷經營歸功於管仲。

During his term of office，the state of Qi became much stronger and Duke Huan of Qi gained hegemony among the states.

在管仲任期內，齊國強大了許多，成就了齊桓公的霸業。

He is listed as the author of the Guan-Zi，actually a much later(late Warring States ) compilation of works from the scholars of the Jixia Academy.

管仲被認爲是《管子》名義上的作者，實際上是戰國後期稷下學者的作品集。