中英雙語話中國藝術 第11期:中國古代建築藝術

11. The Ancient Architecture

11. 中國古代建築藝術

Chinese architecture is an independent art featuring wooden structures. It consists of various roof molding, upturned eaves and wings, dougong with paintings, vermilion pillars and golden roofs, ornament gates and gardening. All of these embody the maturity and artistic appeal of Chinese architecture. 7000 years ago, mortise and tenon and tongue-and-groove were used in Hemudu. The buildings of Banpo village had the division of antechamber and back rooms. Great palaces were built in Shangyin period. Bricks and tiles were used and the layout of Siheyuan emerged in the Western Zhou. There are even building drawings in Spring and Autumn and the Warring States periods passed down.

中國建築體系是以木結構爲特色陽的建築藝術。傳統建築叫種屋頂造型、飛檐翼角、斗拱彩畫、朱柱金頂、內外裝修門及園林景物等，充分體現出中國建築藝術的純熟和感染力。七千年前河姆渡文化中即有樺卵和企口做法。半坡村已有前堂後室之分。商殷時已出現高大宮室。西周時已使用磚瓦並有四合院佈局。春秋戰國時期更有建築圖傳世。京邑臺柵宮室內外樑柱、斗拱上均作裝飾，牆壁上飾以壁畫。

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In Qin and Han, wooden building tended to be mature gradually. Complex buildings, like Epang Palace, were constructed. Temples and pagodas developed rapidly in the period of Weijin and Southern and Northern dynasties. Glass tiles used in Sui and Tang made the building more glorious. The city construction in the period of Five dynasties and Song was booming. Luxury restaurants and shops with lofts and railings were very beautiful. Many palaces and private gardens built in Ming and Qing are reserved today, which are more magnificent and stately than that of the Song Dynasty.

秦漢時期木構建築日趨成熟，建築宏偉壯觀，裝飾豐富，舒展優美，出現了阿房宮等龐大的建築組羣。魏晉南北朝時期佛寺、佛塔迅速發展。隋唐時期建築採用琉璃瓦，更是富麗堂皇。五代、兩宋都市建築興22，商業繁榮，豪華的酒樓、商店各有飛閣欄檻，風格秀麗。明清時代的宮殿苑固和私家園林保存至今者尚多，建築亦較宋代華麗繁瑣、威嚴自在。