託福TPO8閱讀文本Part1及參考答案
現在大家在進行託福備考時TPO託福模考軟件相信是大家用的最多的工具了，對於託福成績的提升是非常有幫助的。今天小編在這裏整理了託福TPO8閱讀文本Part1及參考答案來分享給大家，希望對大家託福閱讀備考有幫助。
託福TPO8閱讀文本Part1
The Rise of Teotihuacaacuten
The city of Teotihuacán, which lay about 50 kilometers northeast of modern-day Mexico City, began its growth by 200-100 B.C. At its height, between about A.D. 150 and 700, it probably had a population of more than 125,000 people and covered at least 20 square kilometers. It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number of industrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices, and a regular grid pattern of streets and buildings. Clearly, much planning and central control were involved in the expansion and ordering of this great metropolis. Moreover, the city had economic and perhaps religious contacts with most parts of Mesoamerica (modern Central America and Mexico).
How did this tremendous development take place, and why did it happen in the Teotihuacán Valley? Among the main factors are Teotihuacán's geographic location on a natural trade route to the south and east of the Valley of Mexico, the obsidian resources in the Teotihuacán Valley itself, and the valley's potential for extensive irrigation. The exact role of other factors is much more difficult to pinpoint―for instance, Teotihuacán's religious significance as a shrine, the historical situation in and around the Valley of Mexico toward the end of the first millennium B.C., the ingenuity and foresightedness of Teotihuacán's elite, and, finally, the impact of natural disasters, such as the volcanic eruptions of the late first millennium B.C.
This last factor is at least circumstantially implicated in Teotihuacán's rise. Prior to 200 B.C., a number of relatively small centers coexisted in and near the Valley of Mexico. Around this time, the largest of these centers, Cuicuilco, was seriously affected by a volcanic eruption, with much of its agricultural land covered by lava. With Cuicuilco eliminated as a potential rival, any one of a number of relatively modest towns might have emerged as a leading economic and political power in Central Mexico. The archaeological evidence clearly indicates, though, that Teotihuacán was the center that did arise as the predominant force in the area by the first century A.D.
It seems likely that Teotihuacán's natural resources, along with the city elite's ability to recognize their potential, gave the city a competitive edge over its neighbors. The valley, like many other places in Mexican and Guatemalan highlands, was rich in obsidian. The hard volcanic stone was a resource that had been in great demand for many years, at least since the rise of the Olmecs (a people who flourished between 1200 and 400 B.C.), and it apparently had a secure market. Moreover, recent research on obsidian tools found at Olmec sites has shown that some of the obsidian obtained by the Olmecs originated near Teotihuacán. Teotihuacán obsidian must have been recognized as a valuable commodity for many centuries before the great city arose.
Long-distance trade in obsidian probably gave the elite residents of Teotihuacán access to a wide variety of exotic good, as well as a relatively prosperous life. Such success may have attracted immigrants to Teotihuacán. In addition, Teotihuacán's elite may have consciously attempted to attract new inhabitants. It is also probable that as early as 200 B.C. Teotihuacán may have achieved some religious significance and its shrine (or shrines) may have served as an additional population magnet. Finally, the growing population was probably fed by increasing the number and size of irrigated fields.
The picture of Teotihuacán that emerges is a classic picture of positive feedback among obsidian mining and working, trade, population growth, irrigation, and religious tourism. The thriving obsidian operation, for example, would necessitate more miners, additional manufacturers of obsidian tools, and additional traders to carry the goods to new markets. All this led to increased wealth, which in turn would attract more immigrants to Teotihuacán. The growing power of the elite, who controlled the economy, would give them the means to physically coerce people to move to Teotihuacán and serve as additions to the labor force. More irrigation works would have to be built to feed the growing population, and this resulted in more power and wealth for the elite.
Paragraph 1: The city of Teotihuacán, which lay about 50 kilometers northeast of modern-day Mexico City, began its growth by 200-100 B.C. At its height, between about A.D. 150 and 700, it probably had a population of more than 125,000 people and covered at least 20 square kilometers. It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number of industrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices, and a regular grid pattern of streets and buildings. Clearly, much planning and central control were involved in the expansion and ordering of this great metropolis. Moreover, the city had economic and perhaps religious contacts with most parts of Mesoamerica (modern Central America and Mexico).
託福TPO8閱讀題目Part1
1. The word "massive" in the passage is closest in meaning to
2. In paragraph 1, each of the following is mentioned as a feature of the city of Teotihuacán between A.D. 150 and 700 EXCEPT
Paragraph 2: How did this tremendous development take place, and why did it happen in the Teotihuacán Valley? Among the main factors are Teotihuacán's geographic location on a natural trade route to the south and east of the Valley of Mexico, the obsidian resources in the Teotihuacán Valley itself, and the valley's potential for extensive irrigation. The exact role of other factors is much more difficult to pinpoint―for instance, Teotihuacán's religious significance as a shrine, the historical situation in and around the Valley of Mexico toward the end of the first millennium B.C., the ingenuity and foresightedness of Teotihuacán's elite, and, finally, the impact of natural disasters, such as the volcanic eruptions of the late first millennium B.C.
3. The word "pinpoint" in the passage is closest in meaning to
4.The word "ingenuity" in the passage is closest in meaning to
5. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 as a main factor in the development of Teotihuacán?
Paragraph 2: How did this tremendous development take place, and why did it happen in the Teotihuacán Valley? Among the main factors are Teotihuacán's geographic location on a natural trade route to the south and east of the Valley of Mexico, the obsidian resources in the Teotihuacán Valley itself, and the valley's potential for extensive irrigation. The exact role of other factors is much more difficult to pinpoint―for instance, Teotihuacán's religious significance as a shrine, the historical situation in and around the Valley of Mexico toward the end of the first millennium B.C., the ingenuity and foresightedness of Teotihuacán's elite, and, finally, the impact of natural disasters, such as the volcanic eruptions of the late first millennium B.C.
Paragraph 3: This last factor is at least circumstantially implicated in Teotihuacán's rise. Prior to 200 B.C., a number of relatively small centers coexisted in and near the Valley of Mexico. Around this time, the largest of these centers, Cuicuilco, was seriously affected by a volcanic eruption, with much of its agricultural land covered by lava. With Cuicuilco eliminated as a potential rival, any one of a number of relatively modest towns might have emerged as a leading economic and political power in Central Mexico. The archaeological evidence clearly indicates, though, that Teotihuacán was the center that did arise as the predominant force in the area by the first century A.D.
6. Which of the following can be inferred from paragraphs 2 and 3 about the Volcanic eruptions of the late first millennium B.C.?
7. What can be inferred from paragraph 3 about Cuicuilco prior to 200 B.C.?
8. The word "predominant" in the passage is closest in meaning to
Paragraph 4: It seems likely that Teotihuacán's natural resources, along with the city elite's ability to recognize their potential, gave the city a competitive edge over its neighbors. The valley, like many other places in Mexican and Guatemalan highlands, was rich in obsidian. The hard volcanic stone was a resource that had been in great demand for many years, at least since the rise of the Olmecs (a people who flourished between 1200 and 400 B.C.), and it apparently had a secure market. Moreover, recent research on obsidian tools found at Olmec sites has shown that some of the obsidian obtained by the Olmecs originated near Teotihuacán. Teotihuacán obsidian must have been recognized as a valuable commodity for many centuries before the great city arose.
9. Which of the following allowed Teotihuacán to have "a competitive edge over its neighbors"?
10. According to paragraph 4, what has recent research on obsidian tools found at Olmec sites shown?
Paragraph 5: Long-distance trade in obsidian probably gave the elite residents of Teotihuacán access to a wide variety of exotic good, as well as a relatively prosperous life. Such success may have attracted immigrants to Teotihuacán. In addition, Teotihuacán's elite may have consciously attempted to attract new inhabitants. It is also probable that as early as 200 B.C. Teotihuacán may have achieved some religious significance and its shrine (or shrines) may have served as an additional population magnet. Finally, the growing population was probably fed by increasing the number and size of irrigated fields.
11. Select the TWO answer choices that are mentioned in paragraph 5 as being features of Teotihuacán that may have attracted immigrants to the city. To receive credit, you must select TWO answers.
Paragraph 6: The picture of Teotihuacán that emerges is a classic picture of positive feedback among obsidian mining and working, trade, population growth, irrigation, and religious tourism. The thriving obsidian operation, for example, would necessitate more miners, additional manufacturers of obsidian tools, and additional traders to carry the goods to new markets. All this led to increased wealth, which in turn would attract more immigrants to Teotihuacán. The growing power of the elite, who controlled the economy, would give them the means to physically coerce people to move to Teotihuacán and serve as additions to the labor force. More irrigation works would have to be built to feed the growing population, and this resulted in more power and wealth for the elite.
12. In paragraph 6, the author discusses "The thriving obsidian operation" in order to
Paragraph 1: The city of Teotihuacán, which lay about 50 kilometers northeast of modern-day Mexico City, began its growth by 200-100 B.C. At its height, between about A.D. 150 and 700, it probably had a population of more than 125,000 people and covered at least 20 square kilometers. ■It had over 2,000 apartment complexes, a great market, a large number of industrial workshops, an administrative center, a number of massive religious edifices, and a regular grid pattern of streets and buildings. ■Clearly, much planning and central control were involved in the expansion and ordering of this great metropolis. ■Moreover, the city had economic and perhaps religious contacts with most parts of Mesoamerica (modern Central America and Mexico). ■
13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
In fact, artifacts and pottery from Teotihuacán have been discovered in sites as far away as the Mayan lowlands, the Guatemalan highlands, northern Mexico, and the Gulf Coast of Mexico.
Where would the sentence best fit?
14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.
Teotihuacán was a highly developed city in Mesoamerica that reached its peak between about A.D. 150 and 700.
Answer choices
託福TPO8閱讀文本Part1參考答案
參考答案：
1. ○3
2. ○2
3. ○1
4. ○4
5. ○3
6. ○3
7. ○4
8.○3
9. ○1
10. ○4
11. ○1, 4
12. ○3
13. ○4
14. The number and sophistication
Several factors may account
In many important areas
託福TPO8閱讀翻譯Part1
參考翻譯:特奧蒂瓦坎的崛起
起源於公元前200到100年前的特奧蒂瓦坎城位於現在的墨西哥城東北約50公里處。在鼎盛時期，也就是大約在公元150到700年間，它可能有超過12.5萬的人口至少覆蓋圓20平方公里。它擁有超過2 000座大廈、一座大型市場、大量的工業作坊、一個行政管理中心、數量龐大的宗教場所，還有規則的街道建築網絡。顯然，這座偉大的都市的管理和擴張時經過了精心的規劃和集中管理的。甚至特奧蒂瓦坎城與中美洲的大部分都保持着經濟也許還有宗教的聯繫。
這驚人的發展是如何完成的，又爲什麼會發生在特奧蒂瓦坎峽谷呢?其中最主要的原因就是特奧蒂瓦坎地處聯通墨西哥峽谷南部和東部的自然形成的通商線路中，特奧蒂瓦坎峽谷本身擁有的黑曜石資源，還有特奧蒂瓦坎峽谷大面積灌溉的潛能。而其他的因素的作用則很難表述清楚--例如，特奧蒂瓦坎作爲宗教聖地的重要地位，在公元前一千年後期墨西哥峽谷及其周圍地區的歷史情況，特奧蒂瓦坎精英們的機智和深謀遠慮，以及自然災害的衝擊，比如在公元前一千年後期的火山噴發。
這最後的因素至少偶然地暗示了特奧蒂瓦坎的崛起。在公元前200年以前，有很多相對較小的中心在墨西哥峽谷內部和周圍和諧共存着。就在這時其中最大的中心，Cuicuilco遭到火山爆發的嚴重影響，其大部分農田被岩漿覆蓋了。隨着Cuicuilco失去了競爭能力，其他任何一箇中等的城鎮都可能成爲墨西哥中部新一代政治經濟中心。考古資料明確地表明，特奧蒂瓦坎就是在公元1世紀時崛起的中心。
很可能是特奧蒂瓦坎的自然資源和精英們發揮其潛能們的才能，給予了這座城市以與其鄰居們抗衡的力量。像墨西哥和危地馬拉高地的其他地區一樣，這個峽谷也富含黑曜岩。那堅硬的火成岩在很多年內都是需求量極大的資源，至少從奧爾麥克人(一個在公元前1 200到公元前400年間繁榮過的名族)的崛起之後就是這樣了，顯然它有着一個穩定的市場。關於最近在奧爾達克遺址中發掘的黑曜岩工具的研究表明，奧爾麥克人所得到的部分黑曜石工具源自特奧蒂瓦坎地區。在這座偉大的城市崛起之前，特奧蒂瓦坎的黑曜岩一定已經作爲極有價值的商品聞名數世紀了。
長距離的黑曜岩交易可能就使得特奧蒂瓦坎的精英們有機會得到外來的商品和相對繁榮的生活，這種成功可能會吸引移民到特奧蒂瓦坎。另外，特奧蒂瓦坎的貴族們也可能會有意地吸引新的移民。也有可能是早在公元前200年前，特奧蒂瓦坎的宗教就達到了一定的高度，所以其神殿就是另一種對移民的吸引力。最後，不斷增加的人口可以通過擴大灌溉土地的面積和規模而得到給養。
