女漢子養成記 下得了廚房打得了小強

A submissive and clinging woman, or an unceremonious and independent woman, which one would you prefer? A recent poll shows that most people would choose the latter.
百依百順、黏黏糊糊的女人vs不拘小節、獨立自主的女人，你更喜歡哪一個？最近一項調查顯示，大部分人選擇後者。

This type of woman is called a nühanzi (“tough woman”) and always takes care of herself. Experts believe these characteristics have social and psychological roots among young females in China.
這一類女性被稱作“女漢子”，她們往往自己照顧自己。專家認爲，這種性格與中國年輕女性的社會與心理現狀息息相關。

Su Hao’s friends all call her a tough woman, because the 19-year-old English major at Shandong University can finish tough tasks usually attributed to men. For example, she carries 10-litre water bottles to her dormitory on the 5th floor and can fix a broken fan. “I depend on no one but myself,” she says.
蘇晧（音譯）來自山東大學英語專業，朋友們都叫她“女漢子”，因爲這個19歲的姑娘能完成一些男生乾的體力活兒。例如，她能一個人扛着10升水上5樓宿舍，還能修電扇。她說，“我只靠自己。”

According to a recent survey by China Youth Daily, tough women have become rather common in society. Of the 21,265 respondents, 78.5 percent said they are acquainted with a tough woman. About 50 percent said they like women with tough characteristics, while less than 29 percent expressed the opposite view.
《中國青年報》最新調查顯示，時下“女漢子”十分普遍。在21265受訪者中，有78.5%的人都認識 “女漢子”，約50%的人喜歡“女漢子”，而只有不到29%的人持反對意見。

Why are tough women gaining popularity? Shen Meng, a certified psychological counselor, believes the fierce competition in society is contributing to this trend.
爲什麼“女漢子”如此流行？心理諮詢師沈夢（音譯）認爲，當前社會激烈的競爭是造成這種趨勢的原因之一。

“Women are often in a disadvantaged position compared to men,” Shen says. “In order to survive, they have to be independent, strong and tough.”
她說“相較於男人，女人（在社會競爭中）常處於劣勢地位。爲了生存，她們不得不變得獨立、堅強和強勢。”

Liu Xiaolin, professor of psychology at Wuhan Mental Health Center, believes tough women are nurtured this way.
然而，來自武漢心理健康中心的心理學教授劉曉林（音譯）則認爲，“女漢子”是天生的。

“They are often on intimate terms with their fathers, who teach their daughters to be brave and decisive,” he says. As a result, these women are more likely to be psychologically healthy and more tolerant to stress, according to Liu.
他說，“這些女性往往和父親關係親密，被父親教育成勇敢而有決斷力的人。”因此，她們的心理更健康，更能夠承受壓力。

Though Liu believes that this is a good trend, Hu Shenzhi, a psychologist at the Guangdong Sunflower Counseling Center, says the prevalence of tough woman indicates a blurred line between gender identities, which can lead to relationship problems.
儘管劉曉林認爲這是一個好趨勢，來自廣東向日葵諮詢中心的心理學家胡申志（音譯）則認爲，女性越來越強勢的趨勢意味着性別差異的模糊化，這有可能會帶來兩性關係問題。

“Some women with characteristics that deviate from the traditional female image may have a difficult time finding Mr Right,” he says. “Even if they get married, their manly characteristics might trigger family conflicts.”
他說，“一些與中國傳統女性性格相去甚遠的女性更難找到另一半。即使結了婚，她們的‘男子氣概’也很可能造成家庭矛盾。”