託福寫作如何複議
托福考試的口語和寫作部分沒有統一標準性答案,完全是按照評分標準來評分,這有可能存在不合理的情況,遇到這種情況,ETS提供成績複議,那麼託福成績複議的方法和流程是怎麼樣的呢?
託福寫作如何複議
一、託福成績哪種情況適宜複議：
每次考完託福，都會有同學糾結口語或作文該不該複議，複議了分數會不會突然漲很多。大家的心情可以理解，但是自己當時發揮如何，只有自己最清楚，別人的經驗對自己沒有任何幫助。複議不是提分手段，只是給你一個重新公正評審的機會。如果同時符合以下兩個條件的同學可以考慮申請複議：
1、其它分數很高，單項成績很低，比考生自己預想的成績低。
2、申請的時間允許，因爲複議需要4-6周的時間。
注意：
①託福成績複議是有風險的，複議可能會加分，同樣可能會降分，一旦降分將無法挽回!
②只有口語和作文是可以複議的。但許多同學遇到聽力或閱讀只得到個位數成績的情況。如對聽力或閱讀成績提出質疑，請與教育部考試中心：010-62798822及ETS Service：或001-877-863-3546或001-609-771-7100聯繫。
想口語複議的考生可以回憶一下考試時的發揮，以及對照高分的EXAMPLE ANSWER來決定是否複議。也有說法是說如果其他三項的分數都很高，口語複議加分的可能性比較大。
作文方面，有的時候自己認爲寫的很不錯的文章，拿給別人一看就會被挑出很多毛病，所以作文的主觀感覺有時不是很準。可以參照OG上的評分標準。如果平常的文章就有一些語法錯誤和拼寫錯誤的話，真正考試的時候只會多不會少，提分的可能性就不大。
二、申請託福成績複議的時間：
考試結束後三個月內，可對寫作和口語考試成績提出複議。可申請寫作或口語單項複議，也可同時對兩項提出申請。但一次考試只可申請一次複議，不可以對某次考試先申請口語部分複議，隨後再申請寫作部分複議。
注意：
在口語複議的過程當中還是可以遞送成績單的，不會有任何影響。另外所有送出去的成績都是按照複議後的成績，即使你把原先的成績送出，等複議出來後ETS還是會把複議後的成績再送一遍，而各個學校也是以複議後的成績爲準。
三、託福成績複議的收費標準：
1.申請寫作或口語部分單項複議的費用是480元人民幣，申請兩項複議的費用是960元人民幣。
2.申請成績複議前，請確認已經成功支付費用，或保證在託福iBT報名網站中的個人帳戶餘額足夠支付此項費用。
四、託福成績複議的流程：
1.登陸報名網站首頁查看託福成績
2.在成績查看頁面選擇“成績複議”
3.支付複議費
4.通過“查看已註冊信息”下載複議申請表
5.填寫複議申請表、簽字(手寫、機填均可)
6.通過以下三種方式把申請表傳真、或發郵件、或郵寄給考試服務中心
1)填寫申請表後傳真至8610-8252-0250(推薦使用)。
2)電子郵件：
3)或將表格郵寄至以下地址：
中國北京市海淀區清華科技園立業大廈(郵編100084) 教育部考試中心 託福iBT考試服務中心
如對此項服務還有任何疑問或問題，請致電教育部考試中心託福iBT呼叫中心8610-6279-8822
在申請後，關注錢是否被扣，如已扣，表明已進入審覈隊列，等待即可。如沒被扣除費用，則需要聯繫考試中心查明情況86-10-62798822
五、託福成績複議注意事項：
1. rescore表格最好用英文填寫。NEEA說複議受理過程是這樣的：複議表格首先由複議申請人填好並fax到NEEA;無特殊情況，NEEA一般當日將申請人fax過去之表格再直接fax到ETS。即申請人填寫的複議表會間接原封不動地到達ETS。
2. registration number是什麼?
(1)登錄教育部考試中心託福網考報名網站的個人帳戶’
(2)點擊‘查看已註冊信息’
(3)頁面上顯示的‘ETS註冊號’即爲registration number1
3.地址要用英文填寫
六、託福成績複議費用返還：
1. 如果複議後，成績確實存在誤差，該費用將退還考生，否則將被視爲複議費用，不再退還。
2. 如果同時複議二項，必須此二項的分數分別都有改變，才能退還考生複議所交的費用960元，如果其中一項變化，則僅退還480元。
七、託福成績複議成績反饋：
1. 複議結束後，ETS會通過E-mail通知分數變化及退費事宜。
2. 複議後新分數在原始查分的地方查，只是分數可能有變，新分出現，“原始分數”會變爲“考生通過NEEA查分”。
託福獨立寫作的三大招數
第一、熟悉託福獨立寫作常考話題
託福獨立寫作要求考生利用30分時間寫作出300詞左右的文章。在託福獨立寫作中，有十類常考的話題，以下是話題分類和相關題目舉例。
1. 全球化影響
There is a disagreement on the impact of increased business and culture contact between countries on a country’s identity. What is your opinion?
2. 政府投資
People should keep all the money they earn and should not pay taxes to the state. Do you agree or disagree?
3. 科技影響
Many employees may work at home with modern technol_y. Some people claim that it benefits only workers, but not employers. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
4. 文化類
It is more important for a building to serve its purposes than to look beautiful. Architects do not need to worry about whether it is a real work of art. Do you agree or disagree?
5. 生活工作
Some people think that changing jobs periodically is good. What is your opinion?
6. 傳媒類
Some people suggest that there should be restrictions on a detailed description of crimes in the newspapers and on television. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
7. 廣告類
There are many advertisements directed at children. Parents argue that children are misled, while advertisers consider advertising a source of useful information. What is your opinion?
8. 環境類
It is said that the best way to solve the world’s environmental problems is to increase the price of fuel. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
9. 動物類
Far too little has been done to prevent animals and plants from dying out, although people have noticed this problem for a long time. Why have people failed to improve this situation? What are your suggestions?
10. 教育類
Some people believe that educating children alt_ether will benefit them. Others think intelligent children should be taught separately and given special courses. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
第二、瞭解託福獨立寫作的常用寫法——“五段論”
託福獨立寫作最經典的寫法就是 “五段論”。五段論實質上就是利用“總分總”結構來寫。
英文邏輯下寫作，首段講究開門見山，在開頭的最後一句話結束前一定要有表達自己觀點的句子出現。在具體的寫作內容上，建議首先用簡潔明瞭的句子對原題目的意思進行同義替換，然後提出自己的觀點。要保證開頭沒有任何的語法錯誤。
在正文的部分，三段是要保證的。也就是三個分論點。這裏注意一個原則：可以“一點多段”，但不可“一段多點”。也就是在一個論點寫完前不要引入新的論點。如果結束了就換段，保證一段的中心只有一個。如果對於一個點的論述很長，可以分成兩段。這裏建議有三個論點是因爲一般情況下兩個論點太少，需要用足夠的論述或是例子才能使文章字數達到要求，而四個論點又太多，沒有足夠的時間來充實每一個論點造成因爲“論點發展不完全”扣分。
最後是起總結作用的結尾。建議寫作時只要再次提到全文主觀點，但決不能照抄開頭表達立場的句子，而應該以不同的方式講同一個話題。
第三、避免託福獨立寫作誤區
考生在託福獨立寫作中常見的誤區有三個：
1.刻意選擇使用複雜詞彙
許多考生在寫作中可以選擇難度詞彙，期待“一鳴驚人”的奇效。但是其實用複雜的詞彙一方面會容易出現拼寫錯誤造成失分，;另一方面，對難度詞彙很多考生把握不到位，對它們的用法不清晰，使用會不恰當。
2.生搬硬套複雜句子結構
許多考生在託福獨立寫作備考時準備了多個句型，定語從句，狀語從句，名詞性從句，在考場上千方百計把句型套用上去，希望可以得到語言運用、句式多樣性上的高分。但是託福寫作不是考語法，而是考察語言應用。一篇好的文章應該水道渠成，自然流暢。並不是好句式就一定能得到高分，讀上去順暢、長句短句結合纔是王道。
3.論證中忽視例子作用
很多考生在寫作議論文時，總會出現一個問題：純理論探討。在託福獨立寫作中，考官希望看到考生對自己的每一個論點都充分論證，在論證中加入例子來充實文章。但是很多考生往往對一個論點以不同的寫法重複，只有純理論展示，但是卻沒有例子作爲論據。這會成爲託福獨立寫作的一大扣分點。
託福寫作對字數有什麼要求?
考生們託福寫作最大特點是語言空洞，看似有道理，而且託福寫作字數也很多，但禁不起推敲，這恰巧和託福寫作備考的要求相悖。透視託福寫作的評分標準，一篇好的作文段落中需要包含主題句、合理的解釋、以及例子的支撐。
究竟怎樣寫才能夠達到考官的託福寫作格式標準呢。好的寫作者從不寫他沒有見到過、讀到過或者聽到過的英語，也就是說多看好的範文，進行剖析和模仿是最有效的途徑之一。
Aeroplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and even hardened travelers are intimidated by them. They also have the disadvantage of being an expensive form of transport. But nothing can match them for speed and comfort. 段落的開頭使用讓步加轉折的邏輯關係引出了段落的主題：飛機旅行的有點—速度快、舒適。
這也預示了段落內部的層次。 Travelling at a height of 30,000 feet, far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience. You do not have to devise ways of taking your mind off the journey, for an aeroplane g you to your destination rapidly. 論述飛機速度的過程中：替代籠統表達高和快，作者直接寫出了飛機飛行的具體高度(30，000 feet)和具體時速(500 miles/hr)。充分體現出英文說理文章對細節的要求，因爲只有細節才更具有真實性和說服力。而這一點往往是中國學生比較欠缺的。
緊接着開始展開段落的下一個層次：飛機的舒適度。而讓我們以外的是從引入第二個層次到最後的全部展開‘comfortable’這個字樣竟然從未出現過，那麼取而代之讓讀者切身感受到這種舒適度不是別的正是細節的描寫，這也是該段最最精彩的部分。For a few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight. The real escapist can watch a film and sip champagne on some services. Settle back in a deep armchair 和sip champagne 足以讓讀者身臨其彷彿自己正懶懶地窩在座椅裏舌尖流過美味的香檳酒。
But even when such refinements are not available, there is plenty to keep you occupied. An aeroplane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world. You soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys. You really see the shape of the land. If the landscape is hidden from view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plain that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky…層層讓步的邏輯讓讀者覺得似乎無論怎樣，飛機總會給我們準備一份大禮。而對於機艙外面的景色描寫之細緻自然而然的在讀者眼前展開了一副美妙的畫卷。就這樣，在沒有一句的話直接告訴我們飛機的舒適感的情況下，作者就是用細緻的文字描寫帶着每個讀者舒舒服服的做了一回‘頭等艙’。
通過這樣的一個支持段，我們不難發現說理也可以很‘文藝’。細節描寫的加入，讓並不容易擴展的段落層次得以充分的展開。這不僅引人入勝，論據充分紮實，並且非常有效的解決了字數問題，也給了考生非常大的空間去展示自己的文字的功底。
託福寫作高分：experience and knowledge
Which one do you prefer, to solve problems on your own experience and knowledge, or to ask others for advice?
As knowledge and experience serve as twim towers in problem-solving, one is often presented with two major paths that pave the way for final fulfillment, eitther to wrack his brain, just like what happened to Neuton, siiting for many years under an apple tree and eventually figuring out ond of the greatest universal rules that govern the whole globe, or to seek for others’ widsom through their advice, just as in the case of Benjinin Franklin, gathering great minds under one roof and then establishing a most world-renown libray. Both ways work. When a practical goal is involved, however, Benjimin Franklin may best be regareded as a role model in this respect and asking people for advice often turn out to be the prime alternative.
Experience and knowledge borrowed or learned from others’ advice contribute greatly to effectiveness and effeciency for a goal-accomplishment. Not all experience and knowledge related to problem-solving can be obtained by personal effort alone due to limitations of mind and capabilities of each individual. A single thought in someone’s mind is, more often than not, far less shining compared with group’s wisdom. That explains the famous old saying that one sees further when standing upon the shoulders’ of past great giants; that explains why a great leader is always with greater minds; that also explains why teamwork in corperation is highly emphasized in the 21st century. Brainstorm and exchange of ideas between different thoughts never fail to enhance capabilities of each individula involved, a team, a company, an institution, a country, or even the entire global village.
Asking others’ advice instead of getting everything done on one’s own promotes democracy and communication too. In terms of democracy, it is necessary to give others rights and chances to speak since the problem may concern them in different ways, and their saying in turn reflects our respect toward freedom of speech as well as their wisdom. In terms of communication, idea exchange sometimes focuses more than solutions, and hereby better mutual understanding about perspectives, principles, praticalities and personalities of each other.
Admittely turning to others for help and suggestion by no means refers to absolute and irresponsible dependence. Consideration upon different thoughts and ideas broadens our mind, enlarges our vision, furthers understanding, enhances more effective and efficient brainstorm, and stresses mutual respect in groups and communities, which undoubtedly gives rise to better, if not the best solutions. As is paraphrased from John F Kenedy, brainstormed, there is little we cannot do while divided, there is little we can do.
